PAST PERFECT TENSE It’s used for a past action which happened before another past action or before a stated past time . e.g: I had had a shower, then I left home. After she had told me that she was ill, I did not get angry with her for not coming.

TIME EXPRESSIONS OF PAST PERFECT TENSE  after: First, Brad Pitt acted in the movie, “Seven Years in Tibet” Then, the Government of China banned his entrance to China. After Brad Pitt acted in the movie, “Seven Years in Tibet”, th e Government of China banned his entrance to China. After + Past Perfect , Past tense

 Before: Fi r st, the producers of the film had considered B ra d Pitt for the main role. Then, Keanu Reeves took the main role in the Matrix. Before Keanu Reeves took the main role in the Matrix, the producers of the film had considered Brad Pitt for the main role. Before + Simple Past, Past perfect

 By the time/ When: First, Julia Roberts changed her name from Julie to Julia. Then, Julia Roberts became a famous movie star. By the time/ when Julia Roberts became a famous movie star, she had (already) changed her name from Julie to Julia. By the time/When + Simple Past, Past perfect

 As soon as: First, Brad began to work in a TV firm Then, Brad got his first role in the movie “ Thelma and Louise”. As soon as Brad had began to work in a TV firm, he got his first role in the movie “Thelma and Louise”. As soon as + Past Perfect , Past tense

SOME EXAMPLES: First, we ate at the cafeteria. Then, we went to class. (after) After we had eaten at the cafeteria, we went to class. First, Juan made himself a sandwich. Then, he poured some tea. (after) After Juan had made himself a sandwich, he poured some tea.

PAST PERFECT TENSE OR PAST SIMPLE TENSE After Jim and Terry 1).......................(finish) their breakfast, they 2.).................(take) their bags and 3.).................(go) to the river to fish. They 4.).....................(go) there before and 5.)...................(catch) some big fish. By 5 o’clock they 6.)...................(not/get) any fish, so they decided to go home. They 7.)........................(promise)their mother to bring fish for dinner, so they 8.)..................(look) for a shop where they could buy some but the shops 9.)................................. (already/close). When they 10.).....................(arrive) home, they 11.)...................(tell) their mother that they 12.).......................(catch) the biggest fish they 13.)........................(ever/see) but it 14.).........................(escape). had finished took went had gone caught hadn’t got had promised looked had already closed arrived told had caught had ever seen escaped

Now that’s your time, let’s complete the sentences: 1.) Ben couldn’t write the letter because,..................................... He had lost his pen 2.) Jane missed the train because,.......................................... 3.) He couldn’t pay the electricity bill because,......................... 4.) She failed her exam because,...................................... 5.) She was sad because,................................................. 6.) His hands were dirty because,............................................. 7.) He was wet, because....................................................... 8.) They were hungry because,................................................... 9.) He had a stomach-ache because,............................................ 10.) They were tired, because......................................................... 11.) Jenifer got sunburnt because,.................................................