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Reliability test etude
Uncertainty is checkmated
in two moves (minimax)
Problem: to create the optimum (minimum life cycle cost expectation) development program for this datas
Development
Number of tests, n 1 variable
Cost of a product for test, Cpt 15
Cost of one hour of test, Ch 0,01
Cost of redesigning, Cr 10
Manufacture
Cost of a base product, C0 10
Cost of a modified product, C1 12
Operation
Lifetime distribution Normal
Lifetime expectation, E Unknown
Standard deviation, S 900
Number of products, N 50
Warranty lifetime, T 6000
Warranty cost (one failure), Cf 20
Solution:
There are two outcomes of the development: no failure occures with probability p0, and failure occures with probability p1=(1-p0)
All range of possible significances of Lifetime expectation (E) is considered ((practically, T-3*S...T+3*S)
Matrix of probabilities of tests without failures, p0=(1-Norm(t, E, S))^n
Testing Lifetime expectation, E
time, t 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000
5000 0,01313 0,13326 0,50000 0,86674 0,98687 0,99957 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000
5500 0,00274 0,04779 0,28926 0,71074 0,95221 0,99726 0,99995 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000
6000 0,00043 0,01313 0,13326 0,50000 0,86674 0,98687 0,99957 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000
6500 0,00005 0,00274 0,04779 0,28926 0,71074 0,95221 0,99726 0,99995 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000
7000 0,00000 0,00043 0,01313 0,13326 0,50000 0,86674 0,98687 0,99957 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000
7500 0,00000 0,00005 0,00274 0,04779 0,28926 0,71074 0,95221 0,99726 0,99995 1,00000 1,00000
8000 0,00000 0,00000 0,00043 0,01313 0,13326 0,50000 0,86674 0,98687 0,99957 1,00000 1,00000
8500 0,00000 0,00000 0,00005 0,00274 0,04779 0,28926 0,71074 0,95221 0,99726 0,99995 1,00000
9000 0,00000 0,00000 0,00000 0,00043 0,01313 0,13326 0,50000 0,86674 0,98687 0,99957 1,00000
9500 0,00000 0,00000 0,00000 0,00005 0,00274 0,04779 0,28926 0,71074 0,95221 0,99726 0,99995
10000 0,00000 0,00000 0,00000 0,00000 0,00043 0,01313 0,13326 0,50000 0,86674 0,98687 0,99957
The estimation of Development cost, D=p0*n*(Cpt+Ch*t)+p1*(n*(Cpt+Ch*t)+Cr)
Testing Lifetime expectation, E Cost
time, t 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 of test
5000 74,87 73,67 70,00 66,33 65,13 65,00 65,00 65,00 65,00 65,00 65,00 65,00
5500 79,97 79,52 77,11 72,89 70,48 70,03 70,00 70,00 70,00 70,00 70,00 70,00
6000 85,00 84,87 83,67 80,00 76,33 75,13 75,00 75,00 75,00 75,00 75,00 75,00
6500 90,00 89,97 89,52 87,11 82,89 80,48 80,03 80,00 80,00 80,00 80,00 80,00
7000 95,00 95,00 94,87 93,67 90,00 86,33 85,13 85,00 85,00 85,00 85,00 85,00
7500 100,00 100,00 99,97 99,52 97,11 92,89 90,48 90,03 90,00 90,00 90,00 90,00
8000 105,00 105,00 105,00 104,87 103,67 100,00 96,33 95,13 95,00 95,00 95,00 95,00
8500 110,00 110,00 110,00 109,97 109,52 107,11 102,89 100,48 100,03 100,00 100,00 100,00
9000 115,00 115,00 115,00 115,00 114,87 113,67 110,00 106,33 105,13 105,00 105,00 105,00
9500 120,00 120,00 120,00 120,00 119,97 119,52 117,11 112,89 110,48 110,03 110,00 110,00
10000 125,00 125,00 125,00 125,00 125,00 124,87 123,67 120,00 116,33 115,13 115,00 115,00
The estimation of Manufacture cost, M=p0*N*C0+p1*N*C1
Testing Lifetime expectation, E
time, t 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000
5000 598,69 586,67 550,00 513,33 501,31 500,04 500,00 500,00 500,00 500,00 500
5500 599,73 595,22 571,07 528,93 504,78 500,27 500,01 500,00 500,00 500,00 500
6000 599,96 598,69 586,67 550,00 513,33 501,31 500,04 500,00 500,00 500,00 500
6500 599,99 599,73 595,22 571,07 528,93 504,78 500,27 500,01 500,00 500,00 500
7000 600,00 599,96 598,69 586,67 550,00 513,33 501,31 500,04 500,00 500,00 500
7500 600,00 599,99 599,73 595,22 571,07 528,93 504,78 500,27 500,01 500,00 500
8000 600,00 600,00 599,96 598,69 586,67 550,00 513,33 501,31 500,04 500,00 500
8500 600,00 600,00 599,99 599,73 595,22 571,07 528,93 504,78 500,27 500,01 500
9000 600,00 600,00 600,00 599,96 598,69 586,67 550,00 513,33 501,31 500,04 500,0004
9500 600,00 600,00 600,00 599,99 599,73 595,22 571,07 528,93 504,78 500,27 500,005
10000 600,00 600,00 600,00 600,00 599,96 598,69 586,67 550,00 513,33 501,31 500,0429
The estimation of Warranty cost, W=Cf*N*p0*Norm(T, E, S) - the Poisson approximation. We suppose the modified product does not fail.
Testing Lifetime expectation, E
time, t 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000
0,9996 0,9869 0,8667 0,5000 0,1333 0,0131 0,0004 0,0000 0,0000 0,0000 0,0000 Prob. of failure
5000 13,13 131,51 433,37 433,37 131,51 13,13 0,43 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000
5500 2,74 47,16 250,71 355,37 126,89 13,10 0,43 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000
6000 0,43 12,96 115,50 250,00 115,50 12,96 0,43 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000
6500 0,05 2,70 41,42 144,63 94,71 12,51 0,43 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000
7000 0,00 0,42 11,38 66,63 66,63 11,38 0,42 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000
7500 0,00 0,05 2,37 23,90 38,55 9,33 0,41 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000
8000 0,00 0,00 0,37 6,57 17,76 6,57 0,37 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000
8500 0,00 0,00 0,04 1,37 6,37 3,80 0,30 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000
9000 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,21 1,75 1,75 0,21 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000
9500 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,03 0,36 0,63 0,12 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000
10000 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,06 0,17 0,06 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000
Here we can see the solution of the Uncertainty problem:
If the product lifetime is long, we will pass the tests and have a good operation. Very good case
If the product life time is small we will have failures in test, will do redesign, life time becomes big and we will have a good operation again. Good case too.
If the product life time is not small and is not big it is a worst case. We can pass the tests and will have failures in operation. Bad case.
The estimation of Life cycle cost, LCC=D+M+W
Testing Lifetime expectation, E Max
time, t 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000
5000 686,68 791,85 1053,37 1013,03 697,95 578,18 565,43 565,00 565,00 565,00 565,00 1053,37
5500 682,43 721,91 898,89 957,19 702,15 583,40 570,43 570,00 570,00 570,00 570,00 957,19
6000 685,38 696,52 785,84 880,00 705,16 589,41 575,48 575,00 575,00 575,00 575,00 880,00
6500 690,04 692,40 726,16 802,81 706,53 597,76 580,73 580,01 580,00 580,00 580,00 802,81
7000 695,00 695,38 704,94 746,97 706,63 611,04 586,87 585,05 585,00 585,00 585,00 746,97
7500 700,00 700,04 702,07 718,64 706,73 631,15 595,67 590,31 590,01 590,00 590,00 718,64
8000 705,00 705,00 705,32 710,12 708,10 656,57 610,03 596,45 595,05 595,00 595,00 710,12
8500 710,00 710,00 710,04 711,07 711,11 681,98 632,12 605,26 600,30 600,01 600,00 711,11
9000 715,00 715,00 715,00 715,17 715,31 702,09 660,21 619,66 606,44 605,05 605,00 715,31
9500 720,00 720,00 720,00 720,02 720,06 715,37 688,31 641,82 615,26 610,30 610,01 720,06
10000 725,00 725,00 725,00 725,00 725,01 723,73 710,40 670,00 629,66 616,44 615,05 725,01
Min 710,12
We can find this worst uncertainty (E) on based LCC->Max and select best test parameters (t) on based LCC->Min.

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Example of reliability test planning

  • 1. Reliability test etude Uncertainty is checkmated in two moves (minimax) Problem: to create the optimum (minimum life cycle cost expectation) development program for this datas Development Number of tests, n 1 variable Cost of a product for test, Cpt 15 Cost of one hour of test, Ch 0,01 Cost of redesigning, Cr 10 Manufacture Cost of a base product, C0 10 Cost of a modified product, C1 12 Operation Lifetime distribution Normal Lifetime expectation, E Unknown Standard deviation, S 900 Number of products, N 50 Warranty lifetime, T 6000 Warranty cost (one failure), Cf 20
  • 2. Solution: There are two outcomes of the development: no failure occures with probability p0, and failure occures with probability p1=(1-p0) All range of possible significances of Lifetime expectation (E) is considered ((practically, T-3*S...T+3*S) Matrix of probabilities of tests without failures, p0=(1-Norm(t, E, S))^n Testing Lifetime expectation, E time, t 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 5000 0,01313 0,13326 0,50000 0,86674 0,98687 0,99957 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 5500 0,00274 0,04779 0,28926 0,71074 0,95221 0,99726 0,99995 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 6000 0,00043 0,01313 0,13326 0,50000 0,86674 0,98687 0,99957 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 6500 0,00005 0,00274 0,04779 0,28926 0,71074 0,95221 0,99726 0,99995 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 7000 0,00000 0,00043 0,01313 0,13326 0,50000 0,86674 0,98687 0,99957 1,00000 1,00000 1,00000 7500 0,00000 0,00005 0,00274 0,04779 0,28926 0,71074 0,95221 0,99726 0,99995 1,00000 1,00000 8000 0,00000 0,00000 0,00043 0,01313 0,13326 0,50000 0,86674 0,98687 0,99957 1,00000 1,00000 8500 0,00000 0,00000 0,00005 0,00274 0,04779 0,28926 0,71074 0,95221 0,99726 0,99995 1,00000 9000 0,00000 0,00000 0,00000 0,00043 0,01313 0,13326 0,50000 0,86674 0,98687 0,99957 1,00000 9500 0,00000 0,00000 0,00000 0,00005 0,00274 0,04779 0,28926 0,71074 0,95221 0,99726 0,99995 10000 0,00000 0,00000 0,00000 0,00000 0,00043 0,01313 0,13326 0,50000 0,86674 0,98687 0,99957 The estimation of Development cost, D=p0*n*(Cpt+Ch*t)+p1*(n*(Cpt+Ch*t)+Cr) Testing Lifetime expectation, E Cost time, t 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 of test 5000 74,87 73,67 70,00 66,33 65,13 65,00 65,00 65,00 65,00 65,00 65,00 65,00 5500 79,97 79,52 77,11 72,89 70,48 70,03 70,00 70,00 70,00 70,00 70,00 70,00 6000 85,00 84,87 83,67 80,00 76,33 75,13 75,00 75,00 75,00 75,00 75,00 75,00 6500 90,00 89,97 89,52 87,11 82,89 80,48 80,03 80,00 80,00 80,00 80,00 80,00 7000 95,00 95,00 94,87 93,67 90,00 86,33 85,13 85,00 85,00 85,00 85,00 85,00 7500 100,00 100,00 99,97 99,52 97,11 92,89 90,48 90,03 90,00 90,00 90,00 90,00 8000 105,00 105,00 105,00 104,87 103,67 100,00 96,33 95,13 95,00 95,00 95,00 95,00 8500 110,00 110,00 110,00 109,97 109,52 107,11 102,89 100,48 100,03 100,00 100,00 100,00 9000 115,00 115,00 115,00 115,00 114,87 113,67 110,00 106,33 105,13 105,00 105,00 105,00 9500 120,00 120,00 120,00 120,00 119,97 119,52 117,11 112,89 110,48 110,03 110,00 110,00 10000 125,00 125,00 125,00 125,00 125,00 124,87 123,67 120,00 116,33 115,13 115,00 115,00
  • 3. The estimation of Manufacture cost, M=p0*N*C0+p1*N*C1 Testing Lifetime expectation, E time, t 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 5000 598,69 586,67 550,00 513,33 501,31 500,04 500,00 500,00 500,00 500,00 500 5500 599,73 595,22 571,07 528,93 504,78 500,27 500,01 500,00 500,00 500,00 500 6000 599,96 598,69 586,67 550,00 513,33 501,31 500,04 500,00 500,00 500,00 500 6500 599,99 599,73 595,22 571,07 528,93 504,78 500,27 500,01 500,00 500,00 500 7000 600,00 599,96 598,69 586,67 550,00 513,33 501,31 500,04 500,00 500,00 500 7500 600,00 599,99 599,73 595,22 571,07 528,93 504,78 500,27 500,01 500,00 500 8000 600,00 600,00 599,96 598,69 586,67 550,00 513,33 501,31 500,04 500,00 500 8500 600,00 600,00 599,99 599,73 595,22 571,07 528,93 504,78 500,27 500,01 500 9000 600,00 600,00 600,00 599,96 598,69 586,67 550,00 513,33 501,31 500,04 500,0004 9500 600,00 600,00 600,00 599,99 599,73 595,22 571,07 528,93 504,78 500,27 500,005 10000 600,00 600,00 600,00 600,00 599,96 598,69 586,67 550,00 513,33 501,31 500,0429 The estimation of Warranty cost, W=Cf*N*p0*Norm(T, E, S) - the Poisson approximation. We suppose the modified product does not fail. Testing Lifetime expectation, E time, t 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 0,9996 0,9869 0,8667 0,5000 0,1333 0,0131 0,0004 0,0000 0,0000 0,0000 0,0000 Prob. of failure 5000 13,13 131,51 433,37 433,37 131,51 13,13 0,43 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000 5500 2,74 47,16 250,71 355,37 126,89 13,10 0,43 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000 6000 0,43 12,96 115,50 250,00 115,50 12,96 0,43 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000 6500 0,05 2,70 41,42 144,63 94,71 12,51 0,43 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000 7000 0,00 0,42 11,38 66,63 66,63 11,38 0,42 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000 7500 0,00 0,05 2,37 23,90 38,55 9,33 0,41 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000 8000 0,00 0,00 0,37 6,57 17,76 6,57 0,37 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000 8500 0,00 0,00 0,04 1,37 6,37 3,80 0,30 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000 9000 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,21 1,75 1,75 0,21 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000 9500 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,03 0,36 0,63 0,12 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000 10000 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,06 0,17 0,06 0,00 0,00 0,00 0,0000 Here we can see the solution of the Uncertainty problem: If the product lifetime is long, we will pass the tests and have a good operation. Very good case If the product life time is small we will have failures in test, will do redesign, life time becomes big and we will have a good operation again. Good case too. If the product life time is not small and is not big it is a worst case. We can pass the tests and will have failures in operation. Bad case.
  • 4. The estimation of Life cycle cost, LCC=D+M+W Testing Lifetime expectation, E Max time, t 3000 4000 5000 6000 7000 8000 9000 10000 11000 12000 13000 5000 686,68 791,85 1053,37 1013,03 697,95 578,18 565,43 565,00 565,00 565,00 565,00 1053,37 5500 682,43 721,91 898,89 957,19 702,15 583,40 570,43 570,00 570,00 570,00 570,00 957,19 6000 685,38 696,52 785,84 880,00 705,16 589,41 575,48 575,00 575,00 575,00 575,00 880,00 6500 690,04 692,40 726,16 802,81 706,53 597,76 580,73 580,01 580,00 580,00 580,00 802,81 7000 695,00 695,38 704,94 746,97 706,63 611,04 586,87 585,05 585,00 585,00 585,00 746,97 7500 700,00 700,04 702,07 718,64 706,73 631,15 595,67 590,31 590,01 590,00 590,00 718,64 8000 705,00 705,00 705,32 710,12 708,10 656,57 610,03 596,45 595,05 595,00 595,00 710,12 8500 710,00 710,00 710,04 711,07 711,11 681,98 632,12 605,26 600,30 600,01 600,00 711,11 9000 715,00 715,00 715,00 715,17 715,31 702,09 660,21 619,66 606,44 605,05 605,00 715,31 9500 720,00 720,00 720,00 720,02 720,06 715,37 688,31 641,82 615,26 610,30 610,01 720,06 10000 725,00 725,00 725,00 725,00 725,01 723,73 710,40 670,00 629,66 616,44 615,05 725,01 Min 710,12 We can find this worst uncertainty (E) on based LCC->Max and select best test parameters (t) on based LCC->Min.