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1. CANCER TREATMENT IN
INDIA
cancer treatment in India
is provided at state-of-
the-art cancer hospitals
offering the latest cancer
treatments, world-class
technologies, and
supportive therapies all
under one roof.
Comprehensive
treatment plans are created to meet patient's personal needs as well as
address the circumstances of his specific condition. Bile duct cancer
treatment in India is provided at cancer treatment centers of India by teams
of board certified doctors and friendly healthcare staff work actively to bring
compassionate care
Bile duct cancer:
Bile duct cancer, or cholangiocarcinoma, is a malignant tumor of the bile ducts within the liver
(intrahepatic), or leading from the liver to the small intestine
(extrahepatic). It is a rare tumor with poor outcome for most patients. If
the cancer starts in the part of the bile ducts contained within the liver it
is known as intra-hepatic. If it starts in the area of the bile ducts outside
the liver it is known as extra-hepatic. This information concentrates
mainly on extra-hepatic bile duct cancers. Intra-hepatic bile duct cancers
may be treated like primary liver cancer.
Causes and symptoms

2. A number of risk factors are associated with the development of bile
duct cancer:
• Primary sclerosing cholangitis. This disease is characterized by
extensive scarring of the biliary tract, sometimes associated with
inflammatory bowel disease.
• Choledochal cysts. These are abnormal dilatations of the biliary
tract that usually form during fetal development. There is evidence
that these cysts may rarely arise during adulthood.
• Hepatolithiasis. This is the condition of stone formation within the
liver (not including gallbladder stones).
• Liver flukes. Parasitic infection with certain worms is thought to
be at least partially responsible for the higher prevalence of bile
duct cancer in Southeast Asia.
• Thorotrast. This is a chemical that was previously injected
intravenously during certain types of x rays. It is not in use
anymore. Exposure to Thorotrast has been implicated in the
development of cancer of the liver as well as the bile ducts.
Staging and grading of Bile Duct cancer
Stage 1A: - The cancer is contained within the bile duct.
Stage 1B: - The cancer has spread through the wall of the bile duct but
has not spread into nearby lymph nodes or other structures.
Stage 2A: - The cancer has spread into the liver, pancreas or gall bladder
or to the nearby blood vessels, but not the lymph nodes.
Stage 2B: - The cancer has spread into nearby lymph nodes.
Stage 3: - The cancer is affecting the main blood vessels that take blood
to and from the liver, or it has spread into the small or large bowel, the
stomach or the abdominal wall. Lymph nodes in the abdomen may also
be affected.
Stage 4: - The cancer has spread to distant parts of the body such as the
lungs
If the cancer comes back after initial treatment, this is known as
recurrent cancer.
Grading

3. Grading refers to the appearance of the cancer cells under the
microscope and gives an idea of how quickly the cancer may develop.
Low-grade means that the cancer cells look very like normal cells; they
are usually slow-growing and are less likely to spread. In high-grade
tumors the cells look very abnormal, are likely to grow more quickly and
are more likely to spread.
Bile Duct cancer surgery:
The following types of surgery are used to treat extrahepatic bile duct
cancer:
• Removal of the bile duct: If the tumor is small and only in the bile
duct, the entire bile duct may be removed. national cancer institute
A new duct is made by connecting the duct openings in the liver to
the intestine. Lymph nodes are removed and viewed under a
microscope to see if they contain cancer.
• Partial hepatectomy: Removal of the part of the liver where cancer
is found. The part removed may be a wedge of tissue, an entire
lobe, or a larger part of the liver, along with some normal tissue
around it.
• Whipple procedure: A surgical procedure in which the head of the
pancreas, the gallbladder, part of the stomach, part of the small
intestine, and the bile duct are removed. Enough of the pancreas is
left to make digestive juices and insulin.
• Surgical biliary bypass: If the tumor cannot be removed but is
blocking the small intestine and causing bile to build up in the
gallbladder, a biliary bypass may be done. During this operation,
the gallbladder or bile duct will be cut and sewn to the small
intestine to create a new pathway around the blocked area. This
procedure helps to relieve jaundice caused by the build-up of bile.
• Stent placement: If the tumor is blocking the bile duct, a stent (a
thin tube) may be placed in the duct to drain bile that has built up
in the area. The stent may drain to the outside of the body or it may
go around the blocked area and drain the bile into the small
intestine. The doctor may place the stent during surgery or PTC, or
with an endoscope

4. • Why India:
• Bile duct cancer treatment in India is provided by best treatment
team, bringing you the most advance treatment options in some of
the best cancer hospitals of Mumbai and Delhi. Cancer treatment
centers of Mumbai and Delhi provides an unsurpassed
environment of healing and hope. Medical tourism in India makes
continuous efforts to help foreign patients receive world-class
medical treatments at considerably lower costs and in almost zero
waiting periods. Medical tourism in India is stimulated by low cost
of healthcare, and well-educated medical staff with costs well
below those in demand in developed countries. Medication
combined with tourism has become a natural choice for foreign
patients coming to India. To get more info on Bile duct cancer
treatment in India visit us at http://cancertreatmentsinindia.com/