This presentation gives an overview of how ecosystem services are being integrated into planning at the province level in Viet Nam through the help of ecosystem services mapping, spatial mapping and modelling, and economic valuation of ecosystem services.

1. Mainstreaming of ecosystem services in to
decision making in Ca Mau province,
Viet Nam
Kim Thi Thuy Ngoc
Institute of Strategy and Policy on Natural
Resources and Environment (ISPONRE)
Ministry of Natural Resources and
Environment (MONRE), Viet Nam

2. Problem: Ecosystem Services (ES) and biodiverisity still
largely unaccounted
→ undervalued in current decision making and economic
activities
Question: How to
integrate ES into political
and economic decision
making?
Why mainstreaming of Ecosystem
services?

3. Ca Mau province

4. ProEcoServ – Operational Framework
Adapted from Daily et al. 2009
Baseline: Current
impacts of economic
activities and policies
DPSIR
model
Change in
ecosystem status –
change in ES
provisionMonetary quantification of
change in human benefit
Mainstreaming:
Plans, legal provisions,
investments, economic
incentives
Decision support
tool: Maps and
scenarios of ES
values
Biophysical
quantification:

5. Identify main ecosystem services for
mapping

6. Mangrove forests
Forest degradation
Deforestation
Conversion to
aquaculture
(esp. Shrimps)
Fishing/
shellfish
collection
Extraction of
fuelwood/
timber
Water
pollution
Wave + wind
impacts, storms,
sea level rise
Coastal erosion
High market
price (export)
Poverty
(unplanned) in-
migration Population
increase
Climate
Change
aquaculture farmers
households
industries
local
communities
poor?
aquaculture
farmers
global
community
Loss in Ecosystem
Services
Main drivers, pressures and stakeholders
Mangrove ES loss in Ca Mau

7. Mangrove forests
Provision of ES
Carbon storage +
sequestration
Timber/ other
forest products
Water purification
Nutrient buffering
Habitat
Nursery+ feeding ground for
marketed aquatic species
For biodiversity in general
Landscape beauty
Recreation, tourism
Coastal protection:
• Erosion prevention/
sedimentation
• Wind+ wave protection
Carbon storage +
sequestration
aquaculture
farmers
fisheries
local
communities,
esp. the poor?
global
community
local communities+
enterprises
province
local tourism
enterprises
province
local communities+
enterprises
fisheries
Ca Mau Mangrove Ecosystem Services and
Beneficiaries

8. Spatial mapping and
modeling of ecosystem
services
• Visualization of pattern and
distribution of ecologically
important landscape elements;
overlay with other relevant topics
• Enables decision-makers to
assess the impacts and trade-
offs associated with alternative
policies and plans and to identify
areas where investment in ES
protection can enhance both,
human development and
ecosystem conservation

9. Mapping of ecosystem
services

10. Coastal
People
COASTAL VULNERABILITY

11. COASTAL
PROTECTION
NEARSHORE WAVES AND EROSION

12. NOT TO SCALE

13. Economic valuation
• Tool to quantify the benefits
provided by ecosystems in
monetary terms
• Making the impacts of ecosystem
changes on human wellbeing
more explicit to decision makers
• Employs a wide range of
techniques to assess the ‘real’
social value of ES and the
economic damage of their loss
by making them quantifiable and
comparable to marketed goods
and services

14. Valuation of
ecosystem services
Market-based
approach
Replacement cost
Travel cost
method

15. Data Inform decision makers
0
2,000,000
4,000,000
6,000,000
8,000,000
10,000,000
12,000,000
14,000,000
16,000,000
18,000,000
Provision Coastal
Protection
Carbon
Sequestration
Recreation
Value (VND/ha/year)
Provision
30%
Coastal
Protection
49%
Carbon
Sequestrati
on
21%
Recreation
0%

16. Application of tools for LUP at national Park
Step 1: Investigation, collect
information, data and maps
Step 2: Analysis the socio-economic
development and climate change;
targets of different sectors which
impact on LUP Step 5: Development of LUP
Step 4: Development of LU
options
Step 3: Analysis, assessement of land
management, land use and land use
change
ES maps
ES maps
ES maps, scenario
development, valuations
tools

17. How analyzed tools can support national
park management
- Comprehensive assessment of current Land Use (LU)
management
- Provide comprehensive database for effective LU management
- Propose the sustainable LU options which will take in
consideration of socio-economic development and ecosystem
conservation
- Strengthen capacity of local authorities for better ecosystem
management

18. Application of
Tools
Outcomes at sub-
national level
Policy impacts at the
national level
Mapping tools
Carbon
sequestration
Coastal protection
Valuation tools
Provisioning
services
Regulating services
Cultural services
Land Use Planning
Forest Payments for
Ecosystem Services
Investment Policy
for Mangroves
National Green Growth Strategy
National Strategy for
Environmental Protection to
2020, vision to 2030
Party Resolution on Actively
Responding to Climate Change,
Strengthening Resource
Management and
Environmental Protection
www.proecoserv.org

19. Challenges
• Harmonize the traditional procedures applied for LUP
with mapping tools
• Interpreter results of mapping tools and valuation tools
for planning processes at local level
• Moderate capacity for application of analysis tools
• Right time/entry point for mainstreaming of ES in to LUP

20. Next steps
Provincial/Local National Regional/Global
Natural
Capital
Valuation/
Mapping
(UNEP)
Sustainable
Development
Goal
Natural
Capital
Accounting
(WB,
UNEP)
Ecosystem
based
Adaptation
(EbA) (GIZ)
Core
Environment
Program (CEP)
ProEcoServ
(UNEP)
OECD
(ENVIRONET)
Land Use
Planning
(LUP)/SDEP
Green
GDP
Green
GDP/Incentive
Policies/LUP

21. Thank you