racking Economic Instruments and Finance for Biodiversity - Will Symes. As part of the OECD side event at CBD COP 14, Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt, November 2018.

1. TRACKING ECONOMIC
INSTRUMENTS AND FINANCE
FOR BIODIVERSITY
Will Symes (will.symes@oecd.org)
Policy Analyst – Biodiversity, Land Use and Ecosystems
OECD Environment Directorate
OECD side event: Are we on track? Positive incentives and finance for biodiversity
22 November 2018
CBD COP 14, Sharm El Sheikh, Egypt

2. Aichi Targets 3 (Incentives) and 20 (mobilisation)
2

3. • Information on >3475 policy instruments relevant to the
environment and natural resource management in 94 countries
• Instruments covered:
– Taxes, fees and charges, tradable permit systems, environmentally-
motivated subsidies, voluntary approaches and deposit-refund systems
• A broad range of information:
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A unique database: Policy Instruments for the
Environment (PINE)
– Name of instrument
– Environmental domain
– Year of introduction
– Introducing authority
– Revenues, costs or rates
– Exemptions
– Earmarking of revenue
– National or sub-national

4. PINE: Geographic Coverage
• Climate Change (1417)
• Air Pollution (1282)
• Transport (992)
• Energy Efficiency (820)
• Natural Resource
management (735)
• Waste Management (644)
• Biodiversity (573)
• Water Pollution (570)
• Land Contamination
(243)
• Land Management (236)
• Noise (100)
• Ozone Layer Protection
(61)
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All countries welcome to submit data!

5. PINE: Biodiversity-relevant instruments
5
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
NumberofCountries
Taxes
Fees and charges
Tradable permits
Subsidies

6. 6
Number of Instruments and finance generated
• Biodiversity-relevant taxes generated USD 7.4 billion across OECD countries
(2012-2016 average)
• 1% of all environmentally-related tax revenue
0
20
40
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
NumberofInstruments
Taxes
Fees and charges
Tradable permits
Subsidies

7. • Expand the geographic coverage of the
database
• Collect data on PES and biodiversity
offsets
• Highlight synergies with other
international frameworks (e.g. SDGs)
– Introduce sub-tagging for marine and
terrestrial instruments
Next steps
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8. Upcoming work:
• Tracking Economic Instruments and Finance for Biodiversity
(brochure)
• The implications of the post-2020 biodiversity framework
• Guidance to identify and assess subsidies harmful to biodiversity
Recent reports:
• OECD (2018), Mainstreaming Biodiversity for Sustainable
Development
• Van Winkle et al (2015), ‘Biodiversity Policy Response Indicators’ (for
Aichi Target 3 and 20). OECD Environmental Working Paper No 90.
• OECD (2013), Scaling Up Finance Mechanisms for Biodiversity
• Contact: will.symes@oecd.org and katia.karousakis@oecd.org 8
Thank you

9. THANK YOU
oe.cd/biodiversity
oe.cd/pine
Contact:
Will.Symes@oecd.org
Katia.Karousakis@oecd.org
Miguel.Cardenasrodriguez@oecd.org (PINE)