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Mexican Early Childhood Education ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Ministry  of  Welfare NGOS Ministry  of  Health Ministry of  Education
C O M P U L S O R Y  Reasons to make preschool compulsory   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Costs of making preschool compulsory ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Implementation Process   2002 Reforms of the Mexican Constitution  (3rd and 31st Articles) Obligatory Preschool “ Preschool education will become obligatory in the following stages: the 3rd year  of preschool in the 2004-2005 academic cycle; the 2nd year of preschool in the  2005-2006 academic cycle; the 1st year of preschool in the 2008-2009  academic year” ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Reform Implementation Process
Obstacles  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Policy Debate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Training ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Infrastructure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],Resources
Successes  Since the 2003-2004 academic school year, preschool registration has grown by more than 1.1 million children.
Challenges Preschool Enrollment (2009-2010) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],First year  3 years old 39.5 %   Second year  4 years old 98.9%  Third year 5 years old 98.4%
Challenges Enrollment would  rise to 726 thousand  students 42 thousand new  teachers  ( 1:18) 38 thousand  classrooms 1. Investment  to 2015  2. Balance between parents´ working  hours and preeschool Increase preeschool  hours in order to support working parents

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Mexican Early Childhood Education: Preschool Reform and Challenges

  • 1.  
  • 2.
  • 3.
  • 4.
  • 5.
  • 6.
  • 7. Successes Since the 2003-2004 academic school year, preschool registration has grown by more than 1.1 million children.
  • 8.
  • 9. Challenges Enrollment would rise to 726 thousand students 42 thousand new teachers ( 1:18) 38 thousand classrooms 1. Investment to 2015 2. Balance between parents´ working hours and preeschool Increase preeschool hours in order to support working parents

Editor's Notes

  1. Investigaciones Nacionales e Internacionales Educación preescolar desempeña un papel fundamental en el desarrollo integral y equilibrado de las niñas y niños. Promueve la socialización y la efectividad, el desarrollo de las capacidades comunicativas, del pensamiento matemático, el conocimiento del entorno natural y social. Se ha demostrado que el niño  establece su personalidad  a la edad de tres y cuarto años, y que por lo tanto su integración a una buena educación preescolar  le permitirá tener una mejor transición y desempeño académico a lo largo de su la vida escolar. Política Educativa de la Administración Pasada Obligatoriedad se expone a partir de la política educativa del gobierno del presidente Vicente Fox Quezada, El Programa Nacional de Educación 2001-2006 propuso una línea de política educativa orientada a la atención  de los niños menores de 6 años, a fin de mejorar  la calidad del servicio que recibe esta población en el país Objetivos del Programa cuya consecución deberán contribuir todas las acciones e iniciativas de las autoridades federales, estatales y escolares: Mejorar la calidad del proceso y logro educativos . Este objetivo busca abarcar todas las dimensiones del sistema educativo financiamiento , estructura las prácticas educativas en el aula, definición curricular los materiales educativos, la formación inicial y permanente de los profesores la gestión escolar, la evaluación educativa Líneas de acción para mejora de la calidad del proceso y el logro educativos: Articulación de la educación básica cuyo propósito es establecer un ciclo formativo con propósitos comunes y prácticas educativas congruentes a lo largo de la educación preescolar, primaria y secundaria. La reforma de la educación preescolar forman parte de esta línea de acción
  2. En noviembre de 2002, con la publicación del Decreto de Reforma a los Artículos 3° y 31 constitucionales, se establece la obligatoriedad del nivel preescolar. Para alcanzar este nuevo compromiso se propuso un proceso transitorio a 7 años: “ La educación preescolar será obligatoria en los siguientes plazos: en el tercer año de preescolar a partir del ciclo 2004-2005; el segundo año de preescolar, a partir del ciclo 2005-2006; el primer año de preescolar, a partir del ciclo 2008-2009.” (Artículo 5° Transitorio del Decreto) Se plantearon las siguientes estrategias para cumplir con las metas: Recurrir a asociaciones , he incluso al apoyo de padres de familia, como ocurre en los jardines comunitarios  que se manejan con madres de familia o asociaciones civiles. Regularización  de los planteles privados , reglamentación  para que todas las escuelas  cumplan con los requerimientos para brindar el servicio, su cumplimiento se realizó de manera gradual para que estuvieran en condiciones de lograrlo para el 2004. Proceso de nivelación  y capacitación de los maestras, ya que algunas no contaban con el grado de licenciatura en educación preescolar, y otras solo tienen normal preescolar. Reuniones por zona escolar, municipios, estados, regiones, por modalidades del servicio , para que en abril o mayo  de 2004 tuvieran el nuevo programa de educación preescolar.
  3. OBSTACULOS Debate Político Señalamiento a la urgente necesidad de hacer una revisión exhaustiva de la iniciativa con el fin de superar importantes deficiencias de carácter jurídico y de técnica legislativa contenidas en la misma, y evitar consecuencias negativas de carácter pedagógico y sociológico que supondrían su aprobación en los términos presentados. Una de las correcciones que señalaron respecto a la iniciativa fue: “ El desarrollo integral que se pretende de los educandos sujetos de la educación preescolar, no depende de que sea obligatoria o no sino de su desarrollo curricular y las condiciones en que ocurra sean adecuados”. De tal manera que si bien no se han podido solventar los problemas de primaria y secundaria siendo parte de la educación básica anterior, ¿como pretenden ahora cubrir  la demanda de la obligatoriedad del preescolar? ¿Será acaso que preescolar formara parte de una educación básica con grandes deficiencias? Infraestructura y Personal Falta de oferta de colegios preescolares y de personal, lo que ha generado saturación de las aulas. Capacitación C apacitar a educadoras que ya están ejerciendo y que trabajaban con un método y programa distinto. F alta capacitación y actualización de las educadoras, ante la ausencia de mecanismos  y esquemas que permitan la permanente  revisión de sus capacidades. Recursos Prórroga del cumplimiento de la obligatoriedad del primer año del preescolar por falta de recursos.
  4. LOGROS A partir del ciclo 2002-2003, la matrícula de preescolar se ha incrementado en poco más de 1.1 millones de niños, equivalente a una expansión del 40%, para alcanzar en el último ciclo escolar concluido (2009-2010), una cifra de 4 millones 594 mil alumnos (5millones 807 mil de la población total niños de 3 a 5 años ) atendidos. . Para la población de tres años de edad, la cobertura fue de 39.5% en 2009-2010 (757,042 mil alumnos sobre una población total de 1 millón 464 mil niños).
  5. RETOS Cubrir la obligatoriedad del primer año (niños de tres años) del preescolar Bajo las actuales condiciones y considerando la tendencia en el crecimiento de la matrícula de preescolar de los últimos años, la cobertura universal para la población de cuatro a cinco años se alcanzaría hacia el 2012, pero para la población de tres años, hasta el año 2030. Bajo un escenario más optimista, que aun así implica un esfuerzo presupuestal muy importante, la atención universal para la población de tres años podría alcanzarse hacia el año 2015.
  6. Para lograr la obligatoriedad habría de realizarse una inversión anual del orden de 2 mil millones de pesos durante los próximos cinco años (Gasto Federal), con ello podría incrementarse la matrícula bajo control federal en 726 mil alumnos, que serían atendidos por poco más de 42 mil nuevos maestros en 38 mil aulas (promedio de 1 maestro por 18 alumnos).