Law Evaluation - The case of Chile
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Presentation by Andreas Schleicher, OECD Director for Education and Skills during the OECD Global Parliamentary Network meeting on 2 October 2014.
International comparisons aren’t perfect, but they show what is possible in education and help countries see themselves in the mirror of the results and opportunities delivered by the world’s educational leaders. This raises the question of what we can learn from the world’s top performing school systems and if what works in one context could provide a model elsewhere. What we’ve learned from PISA is that the leaders in high performing systems have convinced their citizens to make choices that value education, their future, more than consumption today. But placing a high value on education is just part of the equation. Another part is the belief in the possibilities for all children to achieve. Interestingly, many of the world’s top performing school systems combine strong and equitable performance, where students from all social backgrounds do well; pay attention to how they select and train their staff, provide intelligent pathways for teachers to grow in their careers and support their teachers to make innovations in pedagogy; and tend to align policies and practices across all aspects of the system and implement them consistently.Global parliamentary-network-oct2014 education-at-a-glance
Global parliamentary-network-oct2014 education-at-a-glanceOECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
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Presentation by Andreas Schleicher, OECD Director for Education and Skills during the OECD Global Parliamentary Network meeting on 2 October 2014.
International comparisons aren’t perfect, but they show what is possible in education and help countries see themselves in the mirror of the results and opportunities delivered by the world’s educational leaders. This raises the question of what we can learn from the world’s top performing school systems and if what works in one context could provide a model elsewhere. What we’ve learned from PISA is that the leaders in high performing systems have convinced their citizens to make choices that value education, their future, more than consumption today. But placing a high value on education is just part of the equation. Another part is the belief in the possibilities for all children to achieve. Interestingly, many of the world’s top performing school systems combine strong and equitable performance, where students from all social backgrounds do well; pay attention to how they select and train their staff, provide intelligent pathways for teachers to grow in their careers and support their teachers to make innovations in pedagogy; and tend to align policies and practices across all aspects of the system and implement them consistently.Global parliamentary-network-oct2014 education-at-a-glance
Global parliamentary-network-oct2014 education-at-a-glanceOECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
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Presentation by Virgilio Andrade Martínez, Head of the Mexican Federal Commission for Regulatory Improvement (COFEMER), during the meeting of the OECD Global Parliamentary Network in Mexico City (23-24 June 2014).Law Evaluation - Mexican Commission for Regulatory Improvement
Law Evaluation - Mexican Commission for Regulatory ImprovementOECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Guía de técnica legislativa para elaboración de proyectos normativos de las e...
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Session by Andrew Wyckoff, Director, Science, Technology and Innovation, OECD
Digitalisation has been underway for 50 years but crossed a critical threshold in last few years when over 80% of citizens in OECD countries had broadband subscriptions with the majority accessing the Internet via a smartphone. This era of ubiquitous computing is transformational, and the widespread deployment of this infrastructure means that products, activities and interactions are increasingly "digital" and can be easily shared, stored or exchanged globally via the Internet. As a consequence, data flows have grown and are a new raw material for innovation in industry and society, unleashing new business models and modes of social interaction. This transformation is just beginning and is poised to grow significantly as networked sensors and things become common-place. These changes are disruptive and also at odds with public policies – many of which are legacies of a pre-digital, analogue era. Reducing this gap and equipping policy-makers with ways to proactively seize the potential benefits and address the challenges related to digitalisation is at the core of a new cross-sectoral, multi-year project within the OECD.
These technological trends are not limited to one policy area, but their effects are particularly evident in the labour market, where they are profoundly affecting the nature of work, the structure and nature of the work environment, and the very nature of being an employee. We can’t predict exactly what the world of work will look like in the future or the specific types of jobs that will exist. What is clear, however, is that most sectors are already being affected. The platform (e.g. ‘sharing’, ‘gig’) economy offers workers great opportunities, including the flexibility of freelancing and holding multiple jobs (or gigs) to top up their income. At the same time, these new forms of work are challenging traditional institutions based on a unique employer-employee relationship. For instance, as new ways of organising work shift risk towards individual workers, who are increasingly in charge of their own training and of securing old-age and health insurance, existing models of social protection will need to be overhauled. How policy-makers, companies, employees and educators will adapt to these changes will mark the difference between being successful and being left behind.Digitalisation and the Future of Work (Part 1) - October 2016 Meeting of the ...
Digitalisation and the Future of Work (Part 1) - October 2016 Meeting of the ...OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Session by Roel Nieuwenkamp, Chair, OECD Working Party on Responsible Business Conduct
This year marks the 40th anniversary of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, the most comprehensive set of recommendations and leading global standard on Responsible Business Conduct (RBC). The Guidelines are unique in that they remain the only government-backed international instrument on RBC with a built-in grievance mechanism that enables stakeholders – trade unions, NGOs, local communities – to raise concerns to National Contact Points (NCPs) in cases where the Guidelines are not observed. NCPs are located in 34 OECD countries and 12 non-OECD countries, actively promoting the Guidelines, handling enquiries, and contributing to the resolution of issues arising from alleged non-observance.
As the role of business in society has evolved from the charitable and voluntary endeavours associated with corporate social responsibly to the more stringent expectations of RBC, MNEs are well-placed to take an active leadership role in addressing global social, environmental, developmental and human rights challenges. Since 2011, the Guidelines have included corporate supply chain responsibility and a number of countries have implemented legislation holding businesses accountable for carrying out the necessary due diligence to identify, prevent and mitigate real and potential adverse impacts related to their business operations or relationships, and for how they are addressed. In some countries, improving RBC standards of due diligence extends to human rights requirements, such as reporting sourcing from conflict areas and processes to manage the risks of human trafficking or forced labour. Responsible Business Conduct - October 2016 Meeting of the OECD Global Parlia...
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Presentation by Virgilio Andrade Martínez, Head of the Mexican Federal Commission for Regulatory Improvement (COFEMER), during the meeting of the OECD Global Parliamentary Network in Mexico City (23-24 June 2014).Law Evaluation - Mexican Commission for Regulatory Improvement
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Session by Andrew Wyckoff, Director, Science, Technology and Innovation, OECD
Digitalisation has been underway for 50 years but crossed a critical threshold in last few years when over 80% of citizens in OECD countries had broadband subscriptions with the majority accessing the Internet via a smartphone. This era of ubiquitous computing is transformational, and the widespread deployment of this infrastructure means that products, activities and interactions are increasingly "digital" and can be easily shared, stored or exchanged globally via the Internet. As a consequence, data flows have grown and are a new raw material for innovation in industry and society, unleashing new business models and modes of social interaction. This transformation is just beginning and is poised to grow significantly as networked sensors and things become common-place. These changes are disruptive and also at odds with public policies – many of which are legacies of a pre-digital, analogue era. Reducing this gap and equipping policy-makers with ways to proactively seize the potential benefits and address the challenges related to digitalisation is at the core of a new cross-sectoral, multi-year project within the OECD.
These technological trends are not limited to one policy area, but their effects are particularly evident in the labour market, where they are profoundly affecting the nature of work, the structure and nature of the work environment, and the very nature of being an employee. We can’t predict exactly what the world of work will look like in the future or the specific types of jobs that will exist. What is clear, however, is that most sectors are already being affected. The platform (e.g. ‘sharing’, ‘gig’) economy offers workers great opportunities, including the flexibility of freelancing and holding multiple jobs (or gigs) to top up their income. At the same time, these new forms of work are challenging traditional institutions based on a unique employer-employee relationship. For instance, as new ways of organising work shift risk towards individual workers, who are increasingly in charge of their own training and of securing old-age and health insurance, existing models of social protection will need to be overhauled. How policy-makers, companies, employees and educators will adapt to these changes will mark the difference between being successful and being left behind.Digitalisation and the Future of Work (Part 1) - October 2016 Meeting of the ...
Digitalisation and the Future of Work (Part 1) - October 2016 Meeting of the ...OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Session by Roel Nieuwenkamp, Chair, OECD Working Party on Responsible Business Conduct
This year marks the 40th anniversary of the OECD Guidelines for Multinational Enterprises, the most comprehensive set of recommendations and leading global standard on Responsible Business Conduct (RBC). The Guidelines are unique in that they remain the only government-backed international instrument on RBC with a built-in grievance mechanism that enables stakeholders – trade unions, NGOs, local communities – to raise concerns to National Contact Points (NCPs) in cases where the Guidelines are not observed. NCPs are located in 34 OECD countries and 12 non-OECD countries, actively promoting the Guidelines, handling enquiries, and contributing to the resolution of issues arising from alleged non-observance.
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Session by Mario Pezzini, Director of OECD Development Centre and Director a.i., OECD Development Co-operation Directorate.
The growth of global value chains (GVCs) has increased the interconnectedness of economies. We understand that emerging economies in Southeast Asia play a pivotal role in the global economy. This session will provide you with the latest OECD analysis on the regional economy and on the key challenges it faces in light of regional integration.
International trade, which used to be a leading driver of economic growth, is now lagging behind, as world trade growth slowed down to around 2% in 2015. Two decades prior to the 2008 crisis, world trade growth annually registered at 7%. Many factors are at play – both cyclical and structural – but their effects are posing risks to the emerging and developing economies in Asia, where trade growth is currently relatively robust. Regional free trade agreements, notably the Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, will also influence trade in Asia, and will certainly have implications for the global value chains of specific industries, including in those countries not belonging to the new regional agreements. Strengthening regional ties by 2025 is one of Asia’s most important agendas. This can be made more effective by building on important and positive achievements through ASEAN, ASEAN+3 and ASEAN+6 and making greater efforts to improve co-ordination between regional and sub-regional initiatives and national agendas, reduce disparities in the region, move towards a “Global ASEAN” and strengthen monitoring capacity. Additionally, addressing issues of green growth, renewable energy and private sector development will be particularly important to Asia’s success in regional integration.
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Session by Rolf Alter, OECD Director for Public Governance and Territorial Development.
This session will cover the challenges critical risks pose for OECD as well as non-OECD countries, the implications of increasing economic losses from disasters and how these pose particular challenges for regional growth recovery. How well governments manage disasters is a key test for the trust of citizens in government. Drawing on successful country practices to manage risks and invest in a sustainable future, the session will explain the work of the OECD High Level Risk Forum to foster exchanges among countries with the aim to improve their resilience. Disaster Risk Management - OECD Global Parliamentary Network meeting, Tokyo, ...
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Session (Part 1) by Randall Jones, Head of Japan/Korea Desk, OECD Economics Department.
The growth of global value chains (GVCs) has increased the interconnectedness of economies. We understand that emerging economies in Southeast Asia play a pivotal role in the global economy. This session will provide you with the latest OECD analysis on the regional economy and on the key challenges it faces in light of regional integration.
International trade, which used to be a leading driver of economic growth, is now lagging behind, as world trade growth slowed down to around 2% in 2015. Two decades prior to the 2008 crisis, world trade growth annually registered at 7%. Many factors are at play – both cyclical and structural – but their effects are posing risks to the emerging and developing economies in Asia, where trade growth is currently relatively robust. Regional free trade agreements, notably the Trans-Pacific Partnership and the Regional Comprehensive Economic Partnership, will also influence trade in Asia, and will certainly have implications for the global value chains of specific industries, including in those countries not belonging to the new regional agreements. Strengthening regional ties by 2025 is one of Asia’s most important agendas. This can be made more effective by building on important and positive achievements through ASEAN, ASEAN+3 and ASEAN+6 and making greater efforts to improve co-ordination between regional and sub-regional initiatives and national agendas, reduce disparities in the region, move towards a “Global ASEAN” and strengthen monitoring capacity. Additionally, addressing issues of green growth, renewable energy and private sector development will be particularly important to Asia’s success in regional integration. Regional Challenges: A view from Asia (Part 1) - OECD Global Parliamentary Ne...
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Session by Catherine Candea, OECD Deputy Director of Public Affairs and Communications; and Yumiko Murakami, Head of OECD Tokyo Centre.
Gender equality is not only about ensuring a fair society, it makes good economic sense. On average across the OECD, if female labour force participation rates converged to that of men by 2030, GDP would increase by 12%. G20 countries have committed to reduce gender gaps in labour force participation rates by 25% by 2025. Progress in female educational attainment and increases in women’s employment are absolutely crucial for economic growth and for reducing income inequality, even more so in the context of ageing populations. However, significant disparities remain: women are less likely than men to work and more likely to work part-time; they remain severely under-represented in the science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) fields of study and occupations; their representation in senior management positions is still far below par; and gender wage gaps persist, particularly at the top of the hierarchy. In many countries, tax and benefit systems still do not provides mothers and fathers with equal incentives to work, which can exacerbate existing gender inequalities. All these differences, accumulated throughout life, also lead to retirement income disparities.
Gender equality amongst policy makers has been recognised as important for achieving progress in gender equality and for improving the quality and responsiveness of public policy and services. But while the proportion of female leaders policy making is increasing, women still represent, on average, less than one-third of decision-making positions in all branches of power in OECD countries.
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Session by Christian Kastrop, Director, Policy Studies Branch, OECD Economics Department
The OECD’s research on Finance and Inclusive Growth has shown that over the past fifty years, credit by banks and other intermediaries to households and businesses has grown three times as fast as economic activity. While greater levels of stock market financing can boost growth, at today’s level of financial development further expansion of bank credit to the private sector is shown to not only slow growth in most OECD countries but also contribute to inequality as better-off households tend to benefit more from financial leverage. Therefore, policy makers should i.a. implement measures to reduce explicit and implicit subsidies to too-big-to-fail financial institutions and reduce the tax bias against equity. To make the financial sector more inclusive and work for people, we must also ensure that companies invest in the real economy. Data analysis of 11 000 of the world’s largest companies has shown that there is a misallocation of capital that needs to be improved in order to foster productivity growth and long-term value creation that can allow for inclusive growth. Promoting competition can support such efforts and also limit unproductive concentration of profits and wealth. New analysis also shows a fragmentation of productivity that needs to be addressed, with a majority of companies sitting in a ‘trough’ of low productivity levels and moderate growth from which it is hard to exit. The current low-interest, low-growth environment makes it also more difficult for pension funds and life insurers to keep their financial promises of providing adequate retirements incomes. These institutional investors are thus driven to pursue higher-risk investment strategies that could ultimately undermine their solvency. This potentially jeopardises the secure retirement especially of the poorest of our citizens.OECD Parliamentary days 2016 - Finance and Inclusive Growth (Part 1)
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Session by Adrian Blundell-Wignall, Acting Director, Special Advisor to the Secretary-General for Financial Markets, OECD Directorate for Financial and Enterprise Affairs
The OECD’s research on Finance and Inclusive Growth has shown that over the past fifty years, credit by banks and other intermediaries to households and businesses has grown three times as fast as economic activity. While greater levels of stock market financing can boost growth, at today’s level of financial development further expansion of bank credit to the private sector is shown to not only slow growth in most OECD countries but also contribute to inequality as better-off households tend to benefit more from financial leverage. Therefore, policy makers should i.a. implement measures to reduce explicit and implicit subsidies to too-big-to-fail financial institutions and reduce the tax bias against equity. To make the financial sector more inclusive and work for people, we must also ensure that companies invest in the real economy. Data analysis of 11 000 of the world’s largest companies has shown that there is a misallocation of capital that needs to be improved in order to foster productivity growth and long-term value creation that can allow for inclusive growth. Promoting competition can support such efforts and also limit unproductive concentration of profits and wealth. New analysis also shows a fragmentation of productivity that needs to be addressed, with a majority of companies sitting in a ‘trough’ of low productivity levels and moderate growth from which it is hard to exit. The current low-interest, low-growth environment makes it also more difficult for pension funds and life insurers to keep their financial promises of providing adequate retirements incomes. These institutional investors are thus driven to pursue higher-risk investment strategies that could ultimately undermine their solvency. This potentially jeopardises the secure retirement especially of the poorest of our citizens. OECD Parliamentary days 2016 - Finance and Inclusive Growth (Part 2)
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Session by Rolf Alter, Director, OECD Public Governance and Territorial Development
Money plays a role both as a channel for citizens to support their candidates or political parties, and as a means for candidates and political parties to reach out to their constituencies. Access to resources for political parties and candidates also shapes political competition. Parliamentarians have an important stake in advancing the global debate on the role of money in politics. There are still many loopholes in political party funding regulations that are open to exploitation by powerful special interests. Loans, membership fees, and third party funding are all used to circumvent spending limits and other regulations. Many countries struggle to define and regulate third-party campaigning leaving them ill-equipped to prevent the channelling of election spending through supposedly independent committees and interest groups. Only a handful of countries have regulations in place for third-party campaigning and globalisation is complicating the regulation of private funding of political parties as foreign companies and wealthy individuals are often deeply integrated with domestic business interests. This OECD report finds that 29% of OECD countries have an independent electoral management body and there is no one-size-fits all model. But whatever the structure, the institutions responsible for enforcing political finance regulations should have a clear mandate, legal power and the capacity to deal with large volumes of work. While data clearly shows that sanctions are effective in improving compliance with the rules, many countries struggle to ensure sanctions that are both proportionate and dissuasive. One clear-cut lesson is that ensuring the effective implementation of political finance regulations still remains challenging in many countries. The Framework on Financing Democracy presented in this report shapes the global debate on risks and policy options, and provides tangible advice for the funding of political parties and electoral campaigns. The report also features detailed case studies of Canada, Chile, Estonia, France, Korea, Mexico, United Kingdom, Brazil and India.OECD Parliamentary Days 2016 - Financing Democracy
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Session by Simon Upton, Director, OECD Environment Directorate, 4 February 2016.
The session presented the outcomes of COP21, main challenges in implementing the Paris Agreement and implications for future policy priorities on climate. COP21 represents an important milestone in the international community’s fight against climate change, but the true measure of success will be in how countries implement the Paris Agreement to move to low-carbon growth. Meeting the ambition of the Paris Agreement will require effective policy alignment and cost-effective action to implement country emissions reduction commitments, and dynamism to ensure nationally determined contributions (NDCs) evolve to become more stringent over time. Governments will also need to undertake and strengthen adaptation measures to protect the most vulnerable, continue efforts to build greater transparency on progress towards NDCs and means of implementation, and scale-up climate finance resources, addressing residual methodological challenges on measuring, monitoring and tracking climate finance as they go. OECD Parliamentary Days 2016 - COP21 Outcomes and implications
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Session by Paul Simons, Deputy Executive Director, International Energy Agency, 4 February 2016
Signs of change in global energy have multiplied in the 12 months. Oil prices fell sharply, with the prices of other fuels moving in tandem in many parts of the world. Amid turmoil in parts of the Middle East, a clear pathway opened up for the return of Iran, one of the world’s largest hydrocarbon resource-holders, to oil markets. China’s role in driving global trends continues to change as it enters a much less energy-intensive phase in its development. Renewables contributed almost half of the world’s new power generation while the coverage of mandatory energy efficiency regulation expanded to more than a quarter of global consumption. And the Paris Agreement reached at COP21 has provided a catalyst to accelerate investments in cleaner technologies and energy efficiency. The session addressed these and other developments, the associated risks and opportunities that might lie ahead – and what can be done to put the energy system on a more secure and sustainable footing. OECD Parliamentary Days 2016 - World Energy Outlook
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Session by David Bradbury, Head, Tax Policy Statistics Division, OECD Centre for Tax Policy and Administration, Meeting of the OECD Parliamentary Group on Tax, 19 Oct 2015Strategic tax policy design in the face of the changing business environment ...
Strategic tax policy design in the face of the changing business environment ...OECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
Session by Achim Pross, Head, International Co-operation and Tax Administration Division, OECD Centre for Tax Policy and Administration, Meeting of the OECD Parliamentary Group on Tax, 19 Oct 2015BEPS Actions – where legislative changes/action may be needed
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Market conditions are improving, but unemployment is still declining too slowly and unevenly across countries. It is projected to continue its slow decline, reaching 6.6% in the last quarter of 2016 while remaining above 20% in Greece and Spain. Weak real wage growth remains an issue of concern, particularly in the Euro area. Minimum wages can help underpin the income of low-paid workers, but must be closely coordinated with tax-benefit policies to be effective. Wage inequality has been rising in a large majority of OECD countries. To minimise the wage gap, investing in skills is crucial – particularly where skills are scarce relative to demand. In terms of job quality, emerging economies perform worse than OECD countries. Youth, low-skilled and informal workers typically hold the poorest quality jobs. To make labour markets more inclusive, activation policies have to be designed to improve the employability, expand the opportunities and maintain the motivation of jobseekers.OECD Employment Outlook - Mark Keese - OECD Global Parliamentary Network
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Immigrants and their native-born children account for 1 in 5 of the population in OECD countries. The recent joint OECD-EU publication „Settling In“ provides the most comprehensive overview of their integration outcomes ever undertaken and covers all major domains (labour market, education, social inclusion). The presentation summarises the key findings and concludes with good practices and policy recommendations to better use the skills of immigrants and children, with a special focus on the integration of refugees.Settling In, integration of migrants and their children - Thomas Liebig - OEC...
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Recent migration trends and the refugee crisis
Jean-Christophe Dumont, Head, International Migration Division, OECD Employment, Labour and Social Affairs Directorate
Immigration flows are on the rise in most OECD countries. Preliminary data for 2014 suggest that permanent migration flows increased sharply for the first time since 2007 and are almost back to their pre-crisis level. Intra-regional migration, notably within Europe, is increasing together with the international competition for talents. What are the key trends regarding labour migration policies in the OECD? In the meantime, Europe will record in 2015 an unprecedented number of asylum seekers and refugees with up to one million asylum applications; an estimated 350 000 to 450 000 people could be granted refugee or similar status, more than in any previous European refugee crisis since World War II. Can OECD countries cope with this crisis and what are the prospects for future developments?Recent migration trends and the refugee crisis - Jean Christophe Dumont - OEC...
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The UN Framework Convention on Climate Change was agreed more than 20 years ago, but global CO2 emissions have continued to rise. Fossil fuels still dominate the global energy supply and we are on course for a 3-5⁰C increase in global surface temperatures by the end of the century. July 2015 was the warmest month ever recorded for the globe. The OECD has been working in co-operation with its partners to identify how countries need to resolve misalignments between climate goals and policies in other domains that risk undermining climate action and making the low-carbon transition more costly. With the carbon clock ticking, the Paris COP21 conference in December must give a clear and credible directional signal that governments can and will transition from the carbon-intensive present to a low carbon resilient future.The Road to COP21 - Simon Buckle, OECD - Global Parliamentary Network
The Road to COP21 - Simon Buckle, OECD - Global Parliamentary NetworkOECD - Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development
According to the OECD’s research on international bribery and corruption, most international bribes are paid by large companies, usually with the knowledge of senior management. Bribes are generally paid to win contracts from state-owned or controlled companies in advanced economies, rather than in the developing world, and most bribe payers and takers are from wealthy countries. Almost two-thirds of 400 cases analysed worldwide, occurred in just four sectors: extractive (19%); construction (15%); transportation and storage (15%); and information and communication (10%). Intermediaries, mostly agents or corporate vehicles, were involved in three out of four foreign bribery cases. This demonstrates the need for more effective due diligence and oversight of corporate compliance programmes. Governments should strengthen sanctions, make settlements public and reinforce protection of whistleblowers as part of greater efforts to tackle bribery and corruption.Fighting Bribery and Corruption - Drago Kos - OECD Global Parliamentary Network
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OECD Parliamentary days 2016 - Finance and Inclusive Growth (Part 1)
OECD Parliamentary days 2016 - Finance and Inclusive Growth (Part 1)
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OECD Parliamentary Days 2016 - Financing Democracy
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Settling In, integration of migrants and their children - Thomas Liebig - OEC...
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The Road to COP21 - Simon Buckle, OECD - Global Parliamentary Network
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