Presentation made by Toshio Okazumi, Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism, Japan, at the Symposium on Governance of Infrastructure held at the OECD, Paris, on 29 February 2016

1. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Experiences and Strategy of Infrastructure
Development in Japan
February 29, 2016
Toshio OKAZUMI
Director of International Cooperation and Infrastructure Engineering,
Overseas Projects Division, Policy Bureau,
Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism- JAPAN

2. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Contents
1
1. Quality Infrastructure – its high quality effect as
a stock of social assets –
2. Japanese Destiny and Present Problems we are
facing
3. Our Challenges and Strategy

3. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
2
1. Quality Infrastructure – its high quality effect as
a stock of social assets –

4. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Improvement of Ring Road （Tokyo）
Wednesday, November 27, 2013 Friday, March 13, 2015
After openingBefore opening
Road conditions before and after opening
Inner Ring Expressway
Shinagawa Route
Opened in March 2015
Changes in traffic and time loss from congestion
4.6
2.2
47.9
45.5
0.0
30.0
60.0
0.0
3.0
6.0
開通前 開通後
Traffic Central Ring Road
Time loss from
congestion
Amount of traffic
Time loss from
congestion
Prior to opening：March 10 to April 7, 2015 、 After opening： March 10 to April 7, 2016
Before
opening
After opening
５％ reduction
50% Reduction
○9 hour daily traffic congestion around
the Hamasakibashi Junction was almost
resolved.
before after
○Traffic accumulation in Tokyo was
distributed as a result of the Inner Ring
Expressway, then traffic congestion
reduced by half.
Timelossfromcongestion
(Tenthousand/day,time/day
Metropolitan
Inner City
Expressway
Outer Ring
Expressway
Ohashi Junction
Gotanda
EXIT
Gotanda
ENTRANCE
Oi Junction
Inner Ring
Expressway
3

5. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
0
10
20
30
H14 H15 H16 H17 H18 H19 H20 H21 H22 H23 H24 H25
産業指定地内の企業立地の件数
件
首都圏外郭放水路
部分通水
首都圏外郭放水路
完全通水
30
20
10
0
件
数
（件
）
H14 H16 H18 H20 H22 H24
企業立地件数※2
2002 2004 2006 2008 2010 2012
NumberofBusinessLocations
○ Reduction of inundated buildings from flood by the
effect of the Metropolitan Outer Underground Channel
→Approximately 7,000 buildings (from 1975 to 1984)
→Approximately 50 buildings (from 2005 to 2014)
○Kasukabe City could be designated as an “Industrial
Designated Area” in 2003, thanks to this Underground
Channel.
○28 businesses (warehouses, shopping centers) were
newly located in this area thanks to the Channel
Metropolitan Outer Underground Channel (Saitama)
首
都
圏
外
郭
放
水
路
春日部市
before
after
Newly located businesses(warehouses, shopping centers)
Industrial Designated Area
Kasukabe City
Route16
Route 16
Channel 18
Outer
Discharge
Channel
Shaft
Channel 18Nakagawa
Nakagawa
Shaft
Kasukabe City
New Business in the Industrial Designated
Partial functioned
Channel Complete
4

6. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Use of Sewage Heat in Makuhari （Chiba Prefecture）
before after
Heat Pump
(Heat Source Equipment)
Air Temperature
0℃ Use as
a heater
When using outside air
as a heat source
Heater
47℃
＋47℃ Amount of Energy
Consumption
Release
-5℃
Room Temperature
40℃
High Power
Heat Pump
(Heat Source Equipment)
Use as
a Heater
When using sewage
as a heat source
Sewage
20℃
Heater
47℃
＋27℃ Amount of Energy
Consumption
Release
15℃
Room Temperature
40℃
Low Power
(58,000m3/
日)
Kaihinmakuhari
Station
Makuhari
Shintoshin
Makuhari
Shintoshin
Hanamikawa
Terminal
Treatment
Plant
Water intake for
thermal usage
Discharged as is
Hanamikawa
Terminal
Treatment
Plant
Kaihinmakuhari
Station
○In Makuhari Shintoshin Area of Chiba
Prefecture, sewage water discharged from
the treatment plant is introduced to the
area’s cooling and heating. It is used as a
cooler, heater, and hot water supply at 14
buildings.
○Use of sewage heat reduces ＣＯ２ as well as
lowers economic costs by approximately 100
million yen annually
Use of Sewage Heat
1
2
8
8
11
14
0
5
1
1
0
20
40
60
80
100
H2 H7 H12 H17 H22 H27
下水熱利用量
下水熱利用箇所数
SewageHeatUse
(Calculatedbyevery
10,000households)
1990 1995 2000 2005 2010 2015
Amount of used sewage
Number of sewage
use locations
5

7. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
6
2. Japanese Destiny and Present Problems we are
facing

8. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
7
Japanese destiny based on its characteristics
• Although the area of Japan is only 0.25% of the area of the world,
20% of earthquakes over 6.0 on the Richter scale occurred in Japan
and its surrounding area.
Vulnerable to disasters
Japan 220
Number of Earthquakes
(1994～2003)
Total
960
Source: Central Disaster Prevention Council -Japan
（22.9%）
Epicenter Distribution
※Earthquakes over 6.0 on the Richter scale

9. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
8
【Tokyo】
【Paris】
【New York】
【London】
Japanese destiny based on its characteristics
8
Vulnerable to disasters
• The elevation of cities in Japan is lower than the flood water level of rivers.
• There are many steep rivers in Japan compared with rivers in foreign
countries.
River flood water surface elevation
in London, Paris and New York
River flood water surface elevations in Tokyo
River slopes in Japan and foreign countries
Source: MLIT
Rhine
Rivers in Japan
Seine
Loire
Colorado
Mekong
Distance
(km)
Elevation
(m)
出典：「水害の世紀―日本列島で何が起こっているのか」森野美徳 監修

10. Country
area
（10,000㎢）
Habitable
land area
（10,000㎢）
Ratio
（%）
Japan 37.86 10.35 27.3
U.K. 24.38 20.63 84.6
France 54.79 39.72 72.5
Germany 35.67 23.79 66.7
Japan
U.K.
Germany
France
Habitable land area
Japanese destiny based on its characteristics
9
Limited habitable land
• The ratio of habitable land area to country area in Japan is lower
than in foreign countries.
Legend
Habitable area in white

11. Japanese destiny based on its characteristics
10
Infrastructure development under severe conditions
• Infrastructure in Japan has been developed against severe natural
disasters under vulnerable condition.
Piers of HANSHIN Expressway in Japan Piers of access road to Charles-de-
Gaulle Airport in France

12. Inundation disaster caused by the heavy rain on Sep 10 (2015) in
Jyoso city
Jyoso city
Sep 20152006
：KINU river
basin
Recent Disasters
11

13. 石巻市
南三陸町
東松島市
七ヶ浜町
仙台市
多賀城市
名取市
亘理町
山元町
岩沼市
南相馬市
新地町
相馬市
陸前高田市
気仙沼市
釜石市
大槌町
山田町
気仙沼市
陸前高田市
Maximum area
inundated
※1: Aug 4 ,2011 press release by City Bureau
※2: Produced from “Damage Situation and Police
Countermeasures associated with 2011 Tohoku district - off the
Pacific Ocean Earthquake” by National Police Agency (As of
Feb. 14, 2012)
 535km2 of land was inundated
 Approx. 10% (119km2) was urban area
 Approx. 129,000 buildings were destroyed
 15,850 Fatalities, 3,282 missing
Recent Disasters
Great East Japan Earthquake and Tsunami in 2011
Produced from “Inundation Condition Map” by
Geospatial Information Authority
12

14. Recent Disasters
• Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake,
January, 1995
13

15. There is concern that the safety of various types of infrastructure against large-
scale accidents and disasters will deteriorate as a result of their aging.
Corroded impeller of a draining pump plantAged seabank
破断箇所 補修後
平成１９年６月２０日破断を発見 平成１９年６月２９日補修完了
Fractured diagonal member of
a truss bridge
(Great Kiso River Bridge)
Sinking of the apron part of a port facility
Aging of Infrastructure
Fractured part
14

16. 18%
25%
2%
8%
43% 43%
9%
32%
67%
64%
24%
58%
0%
20%
40%
60%
80%
2013 2023 2033 2013 2023 20332013 2023 2033
Road bridges River facilities
(e.g. water gates) Sewerage piping Port quays
Among the facilities developed during and after the high economic growth period,
the proportions of the ones that will become 50-years-old or older will increase at
increasing rates in the next 20 years.
Present Situation of the Aging Infrastructure
2013 2023 2033
* The figures are all as of March.
Proportions of Infrastructure that 50-years-old or older
15

17. 16
3. Our Challenges and Strategy

18. Challenges for “smart use of infrastructure”
• Under these limited conditions, Japan proactively has been selecting
“smart use of infrastructure” instead of “expanding it”.
出典 オンタリオ州政府
http://www.mto.gov.on.ca/english
/transtek/roadtalk/rt16-4/
17
Limitation of infrastructure development

19. Challenges for “smart use of infrastructure”
18
<Smart route selection using “ETC 2.0” >
相模湾
Pacific
ocean
Maximum
efficiency
Congested
Not
congested
About 80％
（by 2015）
<Construction of ring expressway>
Three ring roads in
Tokyo Metropolitan Area
64% complete
Chuo Expressway
Inner Ring
Expressway
Congestion!
22
Legend
Sectors that are in service (as
of June 14, 2013)
Provisional 2
lanes*
To be in service by FY 2015* 4 lanes
Under construction (to be
completed in FY 2016 or
thereafter)
6 lanes
○○○ Under study
※
※
* It is not known when non-completed
lanes of provisional 2 lanes will be
constructed.
New challenges for “smart use of infrastructure ”
• “Smart use of roads” utilizing ITS(Intelligent Transport System) or toll control
measures optimizes distribution of traffic volume .

20. Challenges for “smart use of infrastructure”
19
• Congestion at toll gates on expressways throughout Japan is largely
eliminated
Successful examples of “smart use
of infrastructure ”:
“ETC” (Electronic toll collection system)
2000
（before ETC）
2008
（after ETC）
3,974 times
（30% of congestion on
expressway）
60 times
＜ Congestion at toll gates ＞
Congestion
is eliminated
※ETCは2001年に
本格導入
※渋滞回数： 年間渋滞回数が30回以上又は平均渋滞長が2km以上かつ渋滞回数
が5回以上の主要渋滞ポイントの渋滞回数
0.0%
10.0%
20.0%
30.0%
40.0%
50.0%
60.0%
70.0%
80.0%
90.0%
100.0%
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012
2013
2014
＜Adoption rate for ETC＞
(On-board Device)
Roadside antenna
Bidirectional wireless
communications

21. Challenges for “smart use of infrastructure”
20
• The “SHINKANSEN” realizes high safety, reliability and environmental
friendliness.
Safety
１
Reliability
２
Environmental
Friendliness
３
Passenger
Fatalities
①Operating frequency CO2
emissions
②Average delay time
per trip
15trains/hour
within 1 min.
– ZERO –
50Years
（1964→2014）
1 ： 5 ： 7.5
g-CO2/person-km
Successful examples of “smart use
of infrastructure ”:
High speed train “SHINKANSEN”

22. 21
Reduction through preventive
maintenance and of new technologies.
○ To prevent further acceleration of the deterioration of infrastructures due to their aging,
MLIT has been intensively conducting inspections, diagnoses, etc.
○ MLIT is aiming at establishing a preventive maintenance-based maintenance cycle to
reduce and level the maintenance cost.
Image of the maintenance cost reduction
and leveling to be achieved
Image of the envisaged maintenance cycle
Diagnosis
Recording
Lifespan Prolongation Plan
Reflection Improvement
MeasuresInspection
Establishing a Maintenance Cycle
Leveling through
planned efforts

23. Dejima Bridge (Nagasaki City)
[1910 (105 years)]
Establishing a Maintenance Cycle - success examples
No.10 Sluiceway (Kamiita Town,
Tokushima Prefecture) [1922 (93 years)]
Rokugo Water Gate (Ota Ward, Tokyo)
[1930 (85 years)]
22

24. Improvingtheproductivityandquality
Consensus is
reached faster.
Decisions can
be made faster
Reduce mistakes
in the design
and the extra
time
Workability is
improved
Data sharing
between CIM
and ICT-aided
project on site
Shorteningthetimetocompletion
Comparisons
and evaluations
can be made
easily.
Reinforcement bar layout
simulation
Selection of the optimal route
Confirmation of a complex order
of work steps
Meeting for explaining the project
to local residents
Meeting between the project
owner and contractor
Machine control
Design changes
can be made
easily
ResearchDesign
Work
implementation
Maintenance
work
センサー情報
モデル化素材
議論情報
etc
情報共有ツール
センサーデータ
ヘルスモニタリング
異常値を感知すると、メンバーへの
通知（アラート）が可能
Image of an information-sharing tool for maintenance work
Establishment and operation of
an asset management system
Optimization
of
maintenance
work
Evacuation route
Inclination
of slope
3-dimensional model (simplified)
3-dimensional model
(detailed)
Safety of the
project site
3-dimensional model
3-dimensional model
3-dimensional model
One of the most advanced construction production systems in the world
⇒ Creation of a new industry
Introducing Construction Information Modeling (CIM)
The tool’s settings can be set so that an alarm
message will be sent to the members when an
abnormal value is detected.
Data for modeling
Discussioninformation
Sensor information
Monitor for the
operator
The record of the work
performed and the status of
the work being performed
are displayed.
Sensor data
Health monitoring
Information sharing tool
23

25. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Logistics
High-speed railways
Urban railways /
transport system Toll Roads
Ships / Offshore units Port terminals
Airport terminals
Urban development
 First Project (October 2015):
The Management and Operation of Thi Vai International Port’s Terminal
Business in Vietnam
 Second Project (November 2015):
The Texas High-Speed Railway Project
 Third Project (December 2015):
Urban Passenger Railway Transportation Project in Brazil
JOIN (Japan Overseas Infra. Investment Corp.)
24

26. Our Challenges and Strategy
1. “Revolution in Construction” to be realized (strategic
management, long-term plan, prioritizing effective stock effect, i-Construction)
2. Introduction and utilization of various funds (national, local,
PPP/PFI, charge, fare, JOIN, etc.)
3. Preventive and Strategic Maintenance (maintenance cycle,
maintenance industry, introducing robot in the fields, etc.)
4. Japanese Contribution for international fields (quality
infrastructure, technology transfer, capacity building, PPP, etc.)
Important strategy for future Infrastructure
A) Economic and Effective use of infrastructure and
Preventive and Strategic Maintenance
B) Investment of Infrastructure Development must be
recognized as basic needs for development
25

27. Ministry of Land, Infrastructure, Transport and Tourism
Thank you for your attention
26