The document discusses the electrical transformer. It begins with an introduction that defines a transformer as a static device that changes alternating current (AC) power from one voltage level to another through magnetic induction without changing frequency. It then covers the background, objectives, principles, construction, types, applications, methodology, drawings and conclusion of transformers. Transformers play an important role in power systems by raising and lowering voltages as needed for transmission and use.

1. Submitted by
Group name: Power of Art
Group members Name & ID:
Md Rakibul Haque (16172208039)
Md Ali hasan (16172208030)
Shahriar Islam (16172208007)
Submitted to
Al Muntasir
Lecturer of textile engineering
department(BUBT)
Course name: Engineering drawing
Course Code: EEE 206
Intake: 20
Section: 01

2. ELECTRICAL TRANSFORMER
DRAWING

3. INTRODUCTION
• A transformer is a static device.
• The word ‘transformer’ comes form the word ‘transform’.
• Transformer is not an energy conversion device, but it is device that changes AC
electrical power at one voltage level into AC electrical power at another voltage level
through the action of magnetic field but with a proportional increase or decrease in
the current ratings., without a change in frequency.
• The transformers are the basic components for the transmission of the electricity.
•Transformer is used to increase the voltage at the power generating station(Step up)
and used to decrease the voltage(Step down) for house hold purpose.

4. BACKGROUND
• Electrical transformers trace their lineage to the English scientist and inventor Michael Faraday and his
discovery of the law of electro-magnetic induction. Also known as Faraday’s Law, the theory describes
the phenomena of electrical voltage generated when a coil of wire was wrapped around an iron core.
That current would flow through the iron to an opposite side (the iron was shaped not unlike a donut),
and current with different voltage could be created using wire that had more or fewer turns. Thus, the
electricity was induced. American scientist Joseph Henry is also credited with inventing the concept of
electromagnetic induction.

5. OBJECTIVES AND MOTIVATION
In most cases, appliances are manufactured to work under some specific voltages.
Transformers are used to adjust the voltages to a proper level.
 Principle of transformer
 Construction of transformer
 Types of transformer
 Basis of construction
 Basis of Windings
 Applications

6. PRINCIPLE OF TRANSFORMER
• It works on the principle of Electromagnetic Mutual Induction. Electromagnetic
Mutual Induction:
• When the current is provided to the Primary Winding it behaves as electromagnet
due to this the EMF is induced in the Secondary winding as it comes in the area
having magnetic field lines due to primary Winding.
• Vs = Ns.dΦ/dt
• Vs = Secondary Winding Voltage
• Ns = Secondary Winding Turns .

7. CONSTRUCTION OF TRANSFORMER
• Laminated Core : Cores are designed not to have current in it. But still there is a leakages
current Or the eddy current present in it. To minimize these current the cores are laminated.
• Winding : Made up of copper or aluminum coated with very Winding thin layer of
insulation.
• Tank : The main function of conservator tank of transformer is to provide adequate space
for expansion of oil inside the transformer. It is usually Cylindrical or cubical.
• Isolation : It is provided by using Synthetic Oil between Core and Tank.
• Breather : When the temperature changes occur in Transformer insulating oil, the oil
expands or contracts and there an exchange of air also occurs when transformer is fully
loaded. When transformer gets cooled, the oil level goes down and air gets absorbed within.

8. TYPES OF TRANSFORMER
• Basis of construction:
core type transformer.
shell type transformer.
spiral core transformer.
• Basis of construction:
Step up transformer.
Step down transformer.
Isolation transformer.

9. APPLICATIONS
Uses of Electrical Transformer:
The major uses of an electrical transformer include:
• Raising or lowering the voltage level in the circuit of an AC.
• Increasing or decreasing the value of an inductor or capacitor in an AC circuit.
• Preventing the passage of DC from one circuit to another.
• Isolating two electric circuits.
• Stepping up the voltage level at the site of power generation before the transmission and
distribution can take place.
• Common applications of an electrical transformer include pumping stations, railways,
industries, commercial establishments, windmills and power generation units

10. LITERATURE REVIEW
• In 1889, Russian-born engineer Mikhail Dolivo-Dobrovolsky developed the
first three-phase transformer at the Allgemeine Elektricitäts-Gesellschaft ('General
Electricity Company') in Germany.
• In 1891, Nikola Tesla invented the Tesla coil, an air-cored, dual-tuned resonant
transformer for producing very high voltages at high frequency.
• Audio frequency transformers ("repeating coils") were used by early experimenters
in the development of the telephone.

11. METHODOLOGY
A power transformer design methodology using multi-objective evolutionary
optimization is proposed. Using this methodology, which is tailored to be target
performance design-oriented, quick rough estimation of transformer design specifics
may be inferred
Testing of the suggested approach revealed significant qualitative and quantitative
match with measured design and performance values. Details of the proposed
methodology as well as sample design results are reported in the paper.

12. PROJECT DRAWING

13. FRONT VIEW

14. TOP VIEW

15. RIGHT HAND SIDE VIEW

16. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
In our daily life, electricity has developed as a major part of a life and life without
electricity is a thing that cant be imagined. Industries unquestionably need constant
supply of electricity and they certainly need transformer for ducking voltage
instabilities and the malfunction of some machines is due to voltage problems.
A transformer is a solution for all these glitches and it has the capacity to fix it.
If the industries use any specialized machines, then they don’t need to worry about
transformers because high voltage transformers are designed for those specialized
applications. Generally the industries use heavy current applications .
So the modern industries don’t need to worry about any problems that are existing
due to electricity failures and the production of the industries can able to be develop
well if they have proper transformers that suits their industries.

17. CONCLUSION
Transformers play an important role in the power system.
In relation of power grid transformers are true support in the hurricane. They perform
dependably throughout the world safely, time after time, practically overlooked by the
general public.
In simple words Transformers are designed to modify an alternating current voltage
that runs from one electric circuit to another through electromagnetic induction.
Transformers help improve safety and efficiency of power systems by raising and
lowering voltage levels as and when needed. T
hey are used in a wide range of residential and industrial applications, primarily and
perhaps most importantly in the distribution and regulation of power across long
distances.

18. REFERENCES
• https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Transformers
• https://www.cnet.com/transformers
• https://www.electricalengineeringinfo.com/transformers
• https://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/
• https://www.electrical4u.com/what-is-transformer-definition-working-principle-of-
transformer/#:~:text=A%20transformer%20is%20defined%20as,')%20voltage%20lev
els%20between%20circuits.
• https://medium.com/@connecteco/role-of-the-all-important-transformer-in-a-
manufacturing-facility-dc47a8d0e170