Cloud Frontiers: A Deep Dive into Serverless Spatial Data and FME
Proktor compaction
1. Equipment
Cylindrical mold measuring 105 mm in
diameter, 115.5mm high and the volume of
1000cm and the connection on the base
plate
Rams 2.5 kg with distance down 300 mm
(standard method)
Can
The measuring water
3. PROCEDURE
1) Mold and base plate are weighed with accuracy of 1kg.
2) Dry soil was sieved with 19 mm sieves and 14 kg of soil was taken.
3)
4) Meld was prepared on a hard flat surface. Filled by three layers of soil. Each layer was
compacted by 25 blows with a ram. Impact made a cimprehensive and uniform layer
on each surface. The last layer should be about 10 mm above the connector.
To modify the method, the soil is compacted in five layers and with the same number
of blows.
4. 5) Connector was carefully removed. The steel was used to smoothed the soil surface
with level mold.
6) Mold was weighed, base plate and a compacted soil that accuracy of 1g.
5. 7) Some of the soil was take out for sample to determine moist content.
8) Mold was clean up.
9) Crushed and mixed land back to the balance of the original land.
10) Water is added to increase the soil moisture content. Water was added to 2% of the
total weight of the soil and mix it.
11) Methods 3-7 are repeated.
12) The method is repeated 5 times with water add 2% for each repetition. Experiments
can be stopped when the mass of the mold base plate and the soil (total mass) has
been compacted were less than the total mass in the previous compaction work.
7. Introduction
soil compaction is the process that soil particles are
mechanically compacted to increase density. for each soil
type, amount and type of compaction is given, there is an
optimum moisture content will produce soil particles that are
once and the maximum dry density.
8. Objective
Student should be able to : determine the relationship between dry density and
moisture content.
determine the optimum moisture content and maximum
dry density
9. PROCEDURE
1) Mold and base plate are weighed with accuracy of 1kg.
2) Dry soil was sieved with 19 mm sieves and 14 kg of soil was took.
3) Mold was prepared on a hard flat surface. Filled by three layers of soil. Each layer was
compacted by 25 blows with a ram. Impact made a cimprehensive and uniform layer
on each surface. The last layer should be about 10 mm above the connector.
To modify the method, the soil is compacted in five layers and with the same number of
blows.
10. 4) Connector was carefully removed. The steel was used to smoothed the soil surface
with level mold.
5) Mold was weighed,base plate and a compacted soil that accuracy of 1g.
6) Some of the soil was take out for sample to determine moist content.
11. 7) Mold was clean up.
8) Crushed and mixed land back to the balance of the original land.
9) Water is added to increase the soil moisture content. Water was added to 2% of the
total weight of the soil and mix it.
10) Methods 3-7 are repeated.
11) The method is repeated 5 times with water add 2% for each repetition. Experiments
can be stopped when the mass of the mold base plate and the soil (total mass) has
been compacted were lessthenthe total mass in the previous compaction work.
12. Discussion
The Proctor compaction test is a laboratory method of experimentally
determining the optimal moisture content at which a given soil type will
become most dense and achieve its maximum dry density. The term
Proctor is in honour of R. R. Proctor, who in 1933 showed that the dry
density of a soil for a given comp active effort depends on the amount
of water the soil contains during soil compaction. His original test is
most commonly referred to as the standard Proctor compaction test;
later on, his test was updated to create the modified Proctor
compaction test.
These laboratory tests generally consist of compacting soil at known
moisture content into a cylindrical mould of standard dimensions using
a comp active effort of controlled magnitude. The soil is usually
compacted into the mould to a certain amount of equal layers, each
receiving a number blows from a standard weighted hammer at a
specified height. This process is then repeated for various moisture
contents and the dry densities are determined for each. The graphical
relationship of the dry density to moisture content is then plotted to
establish the compaction curve. The maximum dry density is finally
obtained from the peak point of the compaction curve and its
corresponding moisture content, also known as the optimal moisture
content.
13. Conclusion
Compaction is the process by which the bulk density of an aggregate of
matter is increased by driving out air. For any soil, for a given amount
of comp active effort, the density obtained depends on the moisture
content. At very high moisture contents, the maximum dry density is
achieved when the soil is compacted to nearly saturation, where
(almost) all the air is driven out. At low moisture contents, the soil
particles interfere with each other; addition of some moisture will allow
greater bulk densities, with a peak density where this effect begins to be
counteracted by the saturation of the soil
14. Reference
1. Donald Mcglinchey, , Characterisation of bulk solids, 2005, CRC
Press DT Afrika.
2. Mazlan Mohammad Abdul Hamid, Standard aggregate sieve
analysis TEST, ASTM International - Standards Worldwide, (July
2008) ASTM C136-06, retrived from http://www.astm.org/
3. Norliza Muhammad, concrete laboratory,(2006). Gradation Test.
(2007), NorlizaMuhammad,FajarBaktiSdn. Bhd.
