Rural Share of Deprivation in Norfolk

The rural share of deprivation in Norfolk

Final report
April 2010

Acknowledgements

Acknowledgements
For their valuable help with the project, ACRE would like to thank the members
of the steering group;

Jon Clemo (Norfolk RCC)
Richard Quallington (Community First)
Roger Roberts (Action with Communities in Cumbria)
Jean Roberts-Jones (Surrey Community Action)
Linda Watson (Oxford RCC)
Stephen Wright (South West ACRE Network)

ACRE would also like to thank DEFRA for their support and provision of
Ordnance Survey data and licensing, OS license number 100022861.

Oxford Consultants for Social Inclusion (OCSI)
15-17 Middle St, Brighton, BN1 1AL

Tel: +44 1273 201 345
Email: info@ocsi.co.uk
Web: www.ocsi.co.uk

The rural share of deprivation in Norfolk 2

Introduction

Why have we produced this rural share profile for Norfolk? In addition, the majority of deprived people do not live in highly deprived
Increasingly, we need good data to target resources to the right areas, support areas, and programmes targeted at these areas will not reach
funding applications, and help local communities with the evidence-base to
substantial numbers of deprived people
develop community and parish plans.
For example, across England only 23% of the 4,340,000 working-age people
The ‘rural share’ data presented in this report shows, for a series of key receiving DWP benefits live in the most deprived 10% of areas. In other words,
groups, the proportion of the group that lives in rural Norfolk. the large majority of deprived people on this measure – 77% of working-age
people receiving benefits – live outside the most deprived areas.
ACRE commissioned Oxford Consultants for Social Inclusion (OCSI) to identify
the rural share of deprivation for each of the Local Authorities and This is even more so the case in rural areas. Of the 520,000 working-age
parliamentary constituencies in England. people living in rural England (12% of all such claimants across England) who
are receiving DWP benefits, 79% live outside the most deprived 10% of rural
Rural areas are substantially more deprived based on the location of areas.

deprived people than based on the location of deprived areas
What does this report contain?
Analysis of the Index of Multiple Deprivation 2007 identifies only 50 of the
This profile report provides detailed datasets developed and collected by OCSI
3,248 most-deprived 10% of areas across England as being rural, and only
for Norfolk, identifying the rural share of deprivation based on a number of key
143 of the 6,496 most deprived 20% of areas – in other words only 2.2% of the
indicators. The ‘rural share’ analysis in this report shows, for a series of key
most deprived 20% of areas in England are rural. However, the proportion of
groups, the proportion of the group that lives in rural Norfolk.
deprived people living in rural areas is substantially larger than this. For
example, 17% of the 5,310,000 households living on less than 60% of median
The sections in this report cover the rural share under the following themes.
income across England are in rural areas (for context, 19% of England’s
population live in rural areas).  Population:
 Deprivation and low income:
So the ‘rural share’ of deprivation in terms of people, is substantially larger  Worklessness and Employment
than might be expected from analysis of the most deprived small areas. In  Qualifications
other words, rural areas are more deprived based on calculations using the  Health
location of deprived people, than when based on calculations using the  Access to services
location of deprived areas.  Housing
 Methodology and Indicator definitions (Appendix A).
 Definitions of rural (Appendix B).


Summary - The rural share in Norfolk

Rural Norfolk is more deprived based on the location of deprived
Employment
people, than on the location of deprived areas
 29,405 people in rural areas are employed in senior occupations, 59.4%
The Index of Multiple Deprivation 2007 provides a detailed measure of
of all such occupations across Norfolk.
deprivation at area level. There are no rural areas ranked among the most
 By comparison, 25,860 people are employed in elementary occupations,
deprived 20% of areas across England on the Index of Multiple deprivation
50.7% of all such occupations across Norfolk.
2007
Although no single indicator encapsulates the different dimensions of
Skills
deprivation and exclusion for people in rural areas, the Working Age Client
Group benefits dataset from DWP provides a general measure for those of  99,705 adults in rural areas have no qualifications, 53.5% of the total
working age, covering low income, employment and health issues. number of adults with no qualifications across Norfolk.
30,185 people of working-age in rural areas are receiving some form of DWP  By comparison, 45,985 adults in rural areas have degree level
benefit – this is 42.3% of the total claimants across Norfolk. qualifications, 54.4% of the total number of adults with degree level
qualifications across Norfolk.
Population
 452,270 people live in rural areas, 53.2% of the total across Norfolk. Health
 38,155 people in rural areas report themselves as having a limiting long-
Deprivation and low income term illness. This represents 50.8% of all people with a limiting long-term
 47,360 people in rural areas are income deprived – this is 42.7% of the illness across Norfolk.
total across Norfolk.
Access to services
Worklessness  26,065 rural households have no car or van, 36.6% of the total across
 The number of people receiving 'out-of-work' benefits (JSA and IB) in Norfolk.
rural areas is 19,125, 41.7% of the total across Norfolk. Of these, 6,205
receive Jobseekers Allowance and 12,920 receive Incapacity Benefit. Housing
 11,290 rural households lack central heating, 47.0% of all such
households across Norfolk.


Map of Norfolk

Map of Norfolk


Population: The rural share in Norfolk

The table and chart show the proportion of the population in Norfolk living in
rural areas for key age, gender and household composition groups. This Proportion of people living in rural Norfolk by age, gender and household composition
shows: % 70.0
 452,270 people live in rural areas, 53.2% of the total across Norfolk. 60.0
 Of the total population, 74,855 children live in rural areas (52.3%). By 50.0
comparison, 124,775 people of pensionable age (59.8%) live in rural 40.0
areas 30.0
 Groups particularly vulnerable to exclusion include the 6,820 lone parent 20.0
households, and 28,795 pensioners living alone. 10.0
0.0
The proportion of people in age gender and household composition groups that live in
rural areas in Norfolk (rural share)
Norfolk - Rural East of England - Rural England - Rural
N % share N % share N % share
All People 452,270 53.2 1,756,635 30.7 9,803,535 19.1
Males 222,160 53.2 869,420 30.8 4,838,180 19.1
Females 230,110 53.1 887,215 30.5 4,965,355 19.0
Aged 0-15 74,855 52.3 319,405 29.4 1,756,415 18.2 The horizontal line shows the proportion of all people in Norfolk who live in rural areas
Working age 252,640 50.6 1,028,955 29.5 5,739,815 18.0
Pensionable 124,775 59.8 408,270 35.3 2,307,305 23.5
age
Lone-pensioner 28,795 53.0 94,070 29.8 541,835 18.4
households
Lone parent 6,820 40.9 25,560 21.6 155,265 11.8
households
Source: ONS Mid Year Estimates 2008, Census 2001. 'Share' refers to the proportion of the total population (on

an indicator) that live in rural areas.


Population: How does rural Norfolk compare with other rural areas?

The table and chart below compare key population indicators across Norfolk  16.6% of the population in rural areas in Norfolk are aged under 16, a
and national and regional comparison areas. lower proportion than across rural areas in England as a whole (17.9%).
 By comparison, 27.6% of the population in rural areas in Norfolk are of
The proportion of people in rural Norfolk by age, gender and household composition pensionable age, a higher proportion than across rural areas in England
Norfolk - Rural East of England - Rural England - Rural as a whole (23.5%).
N % N % N %  Rural Norfolk has a higher proportion of lone parent households (14.7%
All People 452,270 1,756,635 9,803,535 of households with dependent children) than across rural England as a
Males 222,160 49.1 869,420 49.5 4,838,180 49.4 whole (14.3%.)
Females 230,110 50.9 887,215 50.5 4,965,355 50.7
Aged 0-15 74,855 16.6 319,405 18.2 1,756,415 17.9 Proportion of lone parents and lone pensioners in rural areas in Norfolk and
Working age 252,640 55.9 1,028,955 58.6 5,739,815 58.6 comparators
Pensionable 124,775 27.6 408,270 23.2 2,307,305 23.5
60% Lone-pensioner
age
household
Lone-pensioner 28,795 51.8 94,070 53.0 541,835 54.0
50%
households
Lone parent
Lone parent 6,820 14.7 25,560 13.3 155,265 14.3 40%
household
households
Source: ONS Mid Year Estimates 2008, Census 2001 30%

20%

10%

0%



Deprivation and low income: The rural share in Norfolk

People living on a low income are among the most deprived groups in society.  30,185 people of working-age in rural areas are receiving some form of
A person or household living on a low income may be out of work, or in work DWP benefit – this is 42.3% of the total claimants across Norfolk.
but on low pay.  Across rural areas in Norfolk, 9,995 children live in income deprived
households (37.6% of all children in income deprived households across
The table and chart below show the proportion of people experiencing Norfolk).
deprivation and low income in Norfolk that live in rural areas.
 22,670 older people in rural areas receive the Pension Credit Guarantee
Element (corresponding to 51.9% of all Pension Credit claimants across
The proportion of people experiencing deprivation or low income that live in rural areas
Norfolk).
in Norfolk (rural share)
Norfolk - Rural East of England - England - Rural
Proportion of people experiencing deprivation who are living in rural areas in Norfolk
Rural
% 60.0
All People 452,270 53.2 1,756,635 30.7 9,803,535 19.1 50.0
Working-age client group 30,185 42.3 99,235 22.6 592,525 12.0
40.0
Income Support (IS) 7,850 36.4 25,235 18.4 147,590 9.0
30.0
claimants
People who are "income 47,360 42.7 147,520 22.2 859,850 10.9 20.0
deprived"
10.0
Children living in income 9,995 37.6 33,930 18.7 195,930 9.0
deprived households 0.0

Pension Credit claimants 22,670 51.9 66,840 29.4 372,675 16.3 All People Working-age Income People who Children living Pension

Source: DWP 2009, CLG 2007. 'Share' refers to the proportion of the total population (on an indicator) that live in client group Support (IS) are "income in income Credit

rural areas. claimants deprived" deprived claimants
households

The horizontal line shows the proportion of all people in Norfolk who live in rural areas


Deprivation and low income: How does rural Norfolk compare with other rural areas?

The table and chart below show the proportion of people experiencing  12.0% of the population living in rural areas in Norfolk are receiving
deprivation in rural areas in Norfolk and national and regional comparator some form of DWP benefit, higher than for rural areas in England as a
areas. whole (10.3%).
 Across rural Norfolk 13.2% of all children live in income deprived
The proportion of people across rural Norfolk experiencing deprivation or low income households, higher than the proportion across rural England as a whole
Norfolk - Rural East of England - Rural England - Rural (11.0%).
N % N % N %  18.2% of older people in rural Norfolk receive Pension Credit Guarantee
All People 452,270 1,756,635 9,803,535 Element, higher than the proportion across rural England as a whole
Working-age client 30,185 12.0 99,235 9.6 592,525 10.3 (16.2%).
group
Income Support 7,850 3.1 25,235 2.5 147,590 2.6 Proportion of people experiencing deprivation in rural areas in Norfolk and comparators
(IS) claimants
20%
People who are 47,360 10.7 147,520 8.6 859,850 9.0
18% Working age
"income deprived"
16%
Children living in 9,995 13.2 33,930 10.6 195,930 11.0 Children
14%
income deprived Pensioners
12%
households
10%
Pension Credit 22,670 18.2 66,840 16.4 372,675 16.2
claimants 8%

Source: DWP 2009, CLG 2007
6%
4%
2%
0%


Worklessness: The rural share in Norfolk

The most recent indicators of ‘worklessness’ (people out of work who are  The number of people receiving 'out-of-work' benefits (JSA and IB) in
unemployed, or who are unable to work due to sickness) are from Jobseekers rural areas is 19,125, 41.7% of the total across Norfolk. Of these, 6,205
Allowance (JSA) and Incapacity Benefit (IB) data. receive Jobseekers Allowance and 12,920 receive Incapacity Benefit.
 In addition, 10,465 children are living in households where no members
The table and chart show the proportion of the population experiencing of the household are in work (36.7% of all such children in Norfolk).
worklessness in Norfolk that live in rural areas.

Proportion of people by key workless indicator living in rural Norfolk
The proportion of people by key workless measures that live in rural areas in Norfolk
% 60.0
(rural share)
Norfolk - Rural East of England - England - Rural 50.0
Rural
40.0
People of working age 252,640 50.6 1,028,955 29.5 5,739,815 18.0 30.0
ID 2007 Employment 18,940 42.7 57,140 23.3 365,980 12.2
20.0
domain score
Jobseekers Allowance 6,205 37.0 22,735 19.9 129,570 10.1 10.0
(JSA) claimants
0.0
Incapacity Benefit 12,920 44.4 38,030 24.0 238,845 12.8
People of ID 2007 Jobseekers Incapacity Receiving Children in
claimants
working age Employment Allowance Benefit workless 'out of work'
Receiving workless 19,125 41.7 60,765 22.3 368,415 11.7
domain score (JSA) claimants benefits households
benefits
claimants
Children in 'out of work' 10,465 36.7 37,285 18.7 209,525 9.1
households
Source: CLG, 2007, DWP 2009, HMRC 2006. 'Share' refers to the proportion of the total population (on an The horizontal line shows the proportion of working age people in Norfolk who live in rural areas

indicator) that live in rural areas.


Worklessness: How does rural Norfolk compare with other rural areas?

The table and chart below show the proportion of people by key workless  Across rural Norfolk, 6,205 people were receiving JSA (2.5% of all
indicator in rural areas in Norfolk and national and regional comparator areas. working-age people), and 12,920 receiving IB (5.1% of all working-age
people).
The proportion of people workless across rural Norfolk  12.6% of children in Norfolk are living in households where all adults are
Norfolk - Rural East of England - England - Rural out of work, higher than across rural areas in England as a whole
Rural (10.7%).
N % N % N %
People of working age 252,640 1,028,955 5,739,815 Proportion of Jobseekers Allowance and Incapacity Benefit claimants in rural Norfolk
ID 2007 Employment domain 18,940 7.9 57,140 5.9 365,980 6.7 and comparators
score 14% Jobseekers
Jobseekers Allowance (JSA) 6,205 2.5 22,735 2.2 129,570 2.3 Allowance
12%
claimants
Incapacity
Incapacity Benefit claimants 12,920 5.1 38,030 3.7 238,845 4.2 10% Benefit
Receiving workless benefits 19,125 7.6 60,765 5.9 368,415 6.4
8% Children in 'out
Children in 'out of work' 10,465 12.6 37,285 10.7 209,525 10.7
of work'
households 6% households
Source: CLG, 2007, DWP 2009, HMRC 2006
4%

2%

0%



Employment: The rural share in Norfolk

Across rural Norfolk:
 36,045 people are self-employed, 66.3% of all self-employed people Proportion of people living in rural Norfolk by economic activity and occupation group
across Norfolk. % 70.0
 29,405 people in rural areas are employed in senior occupations, 59.4% 60.0
of all such occupations across Norfolk. 50.0
 By comparison, 25,860 people are employed in elementary occupations, 40.0
50.7% of all such occupations across Norfolk. 30.0
20.0

The proportion of people by economic activity and occupation that live in rural areas in 10.0
Norfolk (rural share) 0.0

Rural
All People aged 16-74 308,945 53.7 1,194,495 30.8 6,749,640 19.0
Economically Active 201,490 53.4 824,015 30.6 4,594,235 19.3
Economically Inactive 107,455 54.3 370,480 31.0 2,155,405 18.3
Self-employed 36,045 66.3 144,100 40.1 841,930 28.5
Part-time workers 40,185 52.9 151,520 31.3 850,640 20.3 The horizontal line shows the proportion of people aged 16-74 in Norfolk who live in rural areas
Managers and senior 29,405 59.4 144,110 34.4 796,445 23.3
officials
Professional occupations 16,710 53.6 87,950 31.5 517,915 20.6
Elementary occupations 25,860 50.7 86,560 29.2 481,550 18.2
Source: Census 2001. 'Share' refers to the proportion of the total population (on an indicator) that live in rural

areas.


Employment: How does rural Norfolk compare with other rural areas?

The table and chart show the proportion of people by economic activity and  A lower proportion of people in rural areas in Norfolk are economically
occupation group in rural areas in Norfolk and national and regional active (65.2%) compared with rural areas across England as a whole
comparator areas. (68.1%).
 Self employment levels in rural Norfolk (11.7%) are lower than self
The proportion of people across rural Norfolk by economic activity and occupation employment levels across rural England (12.5%).
Norfolk - Rural East of England - England - Rural  15.2% of people in rural areas are employed in managerial occupations,
Rural
compared with 18.0% across rural England.
N % N % N %
 By comparison, 13.3% of people are employed in elementary
All People aged 16-74 308,945 1,194,495 6,749,640
occupations, compared with 10.9% of people across rural England.
Economically Active 201,490 65.2 824,015 69.0 4,594,235 68.1
Economically Inactive 107,455 34.8 370,480 31.0 2,155,405 31.9 Proportion of people by economic activity and occupation group in rural Norfolk and
Self-employed 36,045 11.7 144,100 12.1 841,930 12.5 comparator areas
Part-time workers 40,185 13.0 151,520 12.7 850,640 12.6
40% Economically
Managers and senior officials 29,405 15.2 144,110 18.1 796,445 18.0 Inactive
35%
Professional occupations 16,710 8.6 87,950 11.0 517,915 11.7 Self-employed

Elementary occupations 25,860 13.3 86,560 10.9 481,550 10.9 30%
Elementary
Source: Census 2001 25%
occupations
20%

15%

10%

5%

0%



Skills: The rural share in Norfolk

Skill levels in the local population are an important economic indicator. Those Across rural Norfolk:
with low or no skills are more likely to experience exclusion, and be vulnerable  99,705 adults in rural areas have no qualifications, 53.5% of the total
to changes in the economy (such as increased demand for higher-skilled number of adults with no qualifications across Norfolk.
workers).  By comparison, 45,985 adults in rural areas have degree level
qualifications, 54.4% of the total number of adults with degree level
The proportion of people by qualification level that live in rural areas in Norfolk (rural qualifications across Norfolk.
share)
Norfolk - Rural East of England - England - Rural Proportion of people by qualification level that live in rural areas in Norfolk
Rural
% 60.0
50.0
People aged 16 - 308,880 53.7 1,194,415 30.8 6,749,750 19.0
74 40.0
No qualifications 99,705 53.5 326,555 30.1 1,784,215 17.4
30.0
Highest 54,845 52.8 207,005 29.3 1,120,945 19.0
qualification 20.0
attained level 1
10.0
Highest 61,585 54.9 248,890 31.2 1,412,050 20.5
qualification 0.0
attained level 2
People aged No Highest Highest Highest Highest
Highest 20,580 48.6 91,115 29.5 514,110 17.4 16 - 74 qualifications qualification qualification qualification qualification
qualification attained level attained level attained level attained level
attained level 3 1 2 3 4/5
Highest 45,985 54.4 229,655 32.6 1,414,660 20.0
qualification
The horizontal line shows the proportion of people aged 16-74 in Norfolk who live in rural areas
attained level 4/5
Source: Census 2001. 'Share' refers to the proportion of the total population (on an indicator) that live in rural

areas.


Skills: How does rural Norfolk compare with other rural areas?

The table and chart below show the proportion of people by qualification level  32.3% of adults in rural areas in Norfolk have no qualifications, higher
in rural areas in Norfolk and national and regional comparator areas. than across rural areas in England as a whole (26.4%).
 By comparison,14.9% of adults in rural areas have degree level
The proportion of people by qualification level across rural Norfolk qualifications, lower than across rural England (21.0%).
Rural Proportion of people with no qualifications and degree level qualifications in rural
N % N % N % Norfolk and comparators
People aged 16 - 74 308,880 1,194,415 6,749,750 35% No qualifications
No qualifications 99,705 32.3 326,555 27.3 1,784,215 26.4
30%
Highest qualification attained 54,845 17.8 207,005 17.3 1,120,945 16.6
Highest
level 1 25% qualification
Highest qualification attained 61,585 19.9 248,890 20.8 1,412,050 20.9 attained level 4/5
20%
level 2
Highest qualification attained 20,580 6.7 91,115 7.6 514,110 7.6 15%

level 3 10%
Highest qualification attained 45,985 14.9 229,655 19.2 1,414,660 21.0
5%
level 4/5
Source: Census 2001 0%



Health: The rural share in Norfolk

Health is a fundamental determinant of quality of life, having a direct impact on Across rural Norfolk:
an individual’s ability to live a fulfilling and enjoyable life and also indirectly  38,155 people in rural areas report themselves as having a limiting long-
impacting on their ability to sustain standards of living through income. Ill term illness. This represents 50.8% of all people with a limiting long-term
health may also have a severe effect on other people, either directly through illness across Norfolk.
changing relationships (for example forcing people into informal unpaid care),  Of these, 13,945 working age adults classify themselves as permanently
or through indirect effects such as change in household income. sick and/or disabled.
 DWP health benefit data shows that 19,080 people in rural areas
The proportion of people by key health condition that live in rural areas in Norfolk (rural
receive Disability Living Allowance (48.0% of all such claimants across
share)
Norfolk).
 16,150 older people in rural areas receive Attendance Allowance (56.3%
Rural
of claimants in Norfolk).
All people 452,270 53.2 1,756,635 30.7 9,803,535 19.1
Proportion of people by key health issue that live in rural areas in Norfolk
People with a limiting long- 38,155 50.8 127,720 28.9 771,295 16.4
% 60.0
term Illness (aged 0-64)
Working age adults who 13,945 48.9 40,675 26.8 272,355 14.4 50.0
are permanently sick or
40.0
disabled
Attendance Allowance 16,150 56.3 51,190 31.3 297,620 20.1 30.0
claimants
20.0
Disability Living Allowance 19,080 48.0 59,580 26.7 375,465 14.8
claimants 10.0
Source: DWP 2009, Census 2001. 'Share' refers to the proportion of the total population (on an indicator) that
0.0
live in rural areas.
All people People with a Working age Attendance Disability Living
limiting long-term adults who are Allowance Allowance
Illness (aged 0- permanently sick claimants claimants
64) or disabled

The horizontal line shows the proportion of all people in Norfolk who live in rural areas


Health: How does rural Norfolk compare with other rural areas?

The table and chart below show the proportion of people in poor health in rural  11.4% of adults in rural areas in Norfolk have a limiting long-term illness.
areas in Norfolk and national and regional comparator areas. This is higher than across rural areas in England as a whole (10.1%).
 Rural Norfolk has a higher proportion of people receiving Disability
The proportion of people with key health conditions across rural Norfolk Living Allowance (4.2%) than across rural areas in England (3.8%).
Rural Proportion of people with poor health conditions in rural Norfolk and comparators
N % N % N % 14%
People with a limiting
All people 452,270 1,756,635 9,803,535
12% long-term Illness
People with a limiting 38,155 11.4 127,720 9.4 771,295 10.1 (aged 0-64)
10%
long-term Illness (aged Attendance
8% Allowance claimants
0-64)
Working age adults who 13,945 4.5 40,675 3.4 272,355 4.0 6%
Disability Living
are permanently sick or 4% Allowance claimants
disabled 2%
Attendance Allowance 16,150 12.9 51,190 12.5 297,620 12.9
0%
claimants
Disability Living 19,080 4.2 59,580 3.4 375,465 3.8
Allowance claimants
Source: DWP 2009, Census 2001


Access to services: The rural share in Norfolk

Access to services is a major factor in quality of life for people in rural Across rural Norfolk:
communities, where lack of transport can be a primary cause of social  26,065 rural households have no car or van, 36.6% of the total across
exclusion. People are at risk from social exclusion where necessary services Norfolk.
such as hospitals, education, employment and training centres, or food stores,  114,805 households are more than 10km from principal job centres.
are not easily accessible. This is especially likely to present difficulties for  Of the 12,650 people in Norfolk travelling more than 10km to work,
people without cars or who are unable to drive, whose mobility is limited, and 7,245 (57.3% of the total) live in rural areas. By comparison, there are
in areas where public transportation is poor.
24,940 people working from home in rural areas (66.7% of the total)..

The proportion of people living in rural areas in Norfolk (rural share) - distance to work
Proportion of people living in rural areas in Norfolk - distance to work and amenities
and amenities indicators
indicators
Rural % 120.0

N % share N % share N % share 100.0
People aged 16-74 193,810 54.0 797,380 30.9 4,433,315 19.8
80.0
Households with no car 26,065 36.6 86,325 19.5 537,450 9.8
or van 60.0
Working at home 24,940 66.7 99,600 40.9 605,920 29.5
40.0
Travelling more than 7,245 57.3 36,870 40.5 171,520 28.2
10 km to work 20.0
Households 6+km from 4,850 100.0 7,160 100.0 67,805 98.2
0.0
principal GP site
People Households Working at Travelling Households Households Households
Households 10+km 114,805 96.1 382,975 80.3 2,129,770 76.6
aged 16-74 with no car home more than 6+km from 10+km from 6+km from
from a Job Centre
or van 10 km to principal GP a Job Secondary
work site Centre School
Secondary School
Source: CRC 2009, Census 2001. 'Share' refers to the proportion of the total population (on an indicator) that live

in rural areas. The horizontal line shows the proportion of people aged 16-74 in Norfolk who live in rural areas


Access to services: How does rural Norfolk compare with other rural areas?

The table and chart show key travel to work and amenities indicators for rural  14.4% of households in rural areas in Norfolk have no access to a car or
Norfolk and comparator areas. van. This is higher than across rural areas in England as a whole
(14.1%).
The proportion of people by distance to work and amenities across rural Norfolk  56.0% of households are more than 10km from principal job centres.
Norfolk - Rural East of England - England - Rural This is higher than across England (50.4%).
Rural
N % N % N % Rural Norfolk and comparators - distance to work and amenities indicators
People aged 16-74 193,810 797,380 4,433,315
90% Households with no car or
Households with no car 26,065 14.4 86,325 12.8 537,450 14.1 van
80%
or van People working at home
70%
People working at 24,940 12.9 99,600 12.5 605,920 13.7
60% Households 10+km from
home
50% a Job Centre
People travelling more 7,245 3.7 36,870 4.6 171,520 3.9
40%
than 10 km to work
30%
20%
principal GP site
10%
Households 10+km 114,805 56.0 382,975 51.1 2,129,770 50.4
from principal Job 0%

Centre Norfolk - Rural East of England - Rural England - Rural
Secondary School
Source: CRC 2009, Census 2001


Housing: The rural share in Norfolk

Nationally, rural housing is more likely to be in non-decent condition than Across rural Norfolk:
housing in urban areas. Across England, the percentage of households living  11,290 rural households lack central heating, 47.0% of all such
in ‘non-decent homes’1 is 34% in rural areas, compared with 28% in urban households across Norfolk.
areas2.
 4,380 households are overcrowded, 35.8% of all such households
However, there is no published data on the number of non-decent homes in
across Norfolk.
rural Norfolk. Data on those households lacking central heating and
 There are 20,615 households living in social rented accommodation in
overcrowded households can give an indication of where housing conditions
rural areas, 35.4% of all such stock across Norfolk.
may play a role in exclusion.

Proportion of people living in rural areas in Norfolk - housing indicators
The proportion of people living in rural areas in Norfolk (rural share) - key housing
indicators % 60.0

Norfolk - Rural East of England - England - Rural 50.0
Rural
40.0
All households 181,455 52.9 673,750 30.2 3,807,445 18.6 30.0

Overcrowded households 4,380 35.8 19,340 16.8 111,325 7.6
20.0
Households lacking central 11,290 47.0 32,960 28.9 239,340 14.0
heating 10.0

Council Tax band A 38,950 37.7 87,365 24.8 665,835 11.8
0.0
Social rented housing 20,615 35.4 79,270 21.5 445,020 11.3
All Overcrowded Households Council Tax Social rented Housing Fires attended
Housing Benefit and Council 29,655 42.5 92,895 22.9 534,755 11.8 households households lacking central band A housing Benefit and by Fire and

Tax Benefit claimants heating Council Tax Rescue
Benefit services
Fires attended by Fire and 700 48.2 3,040 25.9 20,030 15.3
claimants
Rescue services
Source: VOA 2008, CLG, 2006, DWP 2005, Census 2001. 'Share' refers to the proportion of the total population

(on an indicator) that live in rural areas. The horizontal line shows the proportion of households in Norfolk who live in rural areas

1 A decent home is one that: is above the current statutory minimum standard for
housing; is in a reasonable state of repair; has reasonably modern facilities and
services; and provides a reasonable degree of thermal comfort.
2 English House Condition Survey, 2004.


Housing: How does rural Norfolk compare with other rural areas?

The table and chart below show key housing indicators for rural Norfolk and
comparator areas. Rural Norfolk and comparators - housing indicators
 6.2% of households in rural areas in Norfolk have no central heating, 18%
lower than levels in rural areas in England as a whole (6.3%). 16%
Overcrowded
 2.4% of households in rural areas in Norfolk are overcrowded, lower 14% households
than the average across rural England (2.9%).
12%
 Social housing levels are lower in rural areas in Norfolk (11.4%) than Households
10% lacking central
across rural areas as a whole (11.7%).
8% heating
Social rented
The proportion of people on key housing indicators across rural Norfolk 6% housing

Norfolk - Rural East of England - Rural 4%
England - Rural 2%
N % N % N %
0%
All households 181,455 673,750 3,807,445
Overcrowded households 4,380 2.4 19,340 2.9 111,325 2.9
Households lacking central heating 11,290 6.2 32,960 4.9 239,340 6.3
Council Tax band A 38,950 18.6 87,365 11.6 665,835 15.6
Social rented housing 20,615 11.4 79,270 11.8 445,020 11.7
Housing Benefit and Council Tax 29,655 16.4 92,895 13.8 534,755 14.1
Benefit claimants
Fires attended by Fire and Rescue 700 0.4 3,040 0.5 20,030 0.5
services
Source: VOA 2008, CLG, 2006, DWP 2005, Census 2001


Appendix A: Methodology - Identifying the rural share of deprivation

socio-economic indicators, for example data on self-employed people,
Introduction adults with higher level qualifications, and “at-risk” communities such as
We have analysed key deprivation indicators, to identify the number of people people from non-white groups
experiencing deprivation issues living in rural areas across Norfolk.  Available on a consistent basis for all areas across Norfolk, so can be
validly compared between areas (locally-held datasets can provide
The ONS Lower Layer Super Output Area (LSOA) rural urban classification valuable additional context information, but have not been included)
was used to identify whether an area was classified as rural or urban. Areas  Available at sub Local Authority level - Lower Super Output Area
with the following Morphology codes were classified as rural: (LSOA) - in order to allow analysis for urban and rural areas based on
 Small town & fringe the urban-rural classifications
 Village  Can be communicated easily to a wide audience.
 Hamlet & isolated dwellings.

Key indicators were aggregated from small area-level based on urban-rural
area classifications, in order to calculate data for rural and urban areas for
each indicator.

What are the indicators and themes we have used to identify the rural
share of deprivation?
In order to ‘compare’ between levels of urban and rural deprivation, our
analysis is based on indicators that are relevant to both rural and urban areas.
We have not looked at whether rural deprivation is different to urban
deprivation. For this reason, we have used a fairly standard set of themes and
indicators for this analysis.

We have grouped indicators under seven themes: population, deprivation and
low income, employment and worklessness, health and disability, education
and skills, housing and households, and access to services.
The Table below identifies the set of key indicators used in the rural share
analysis, identified under each of the themes. The criteria that we have used to
select the indicators are:
 Relevance: We have included direct measures of deprivation such as
Jobseeker Allowance claimants. Where relevant, we have also included


The final list of indicators we have used Part-time workers Census 2001
People in occupation groups I to III Census 2001
Indicators by theme Source
People in elementary occupations IX Census 2001
Population
Health
Total population Office of National Statistics
People with a limiting long-term Illness aged 0-64 Census 2001
(ONS), 2008
Working age adults who are permanently sick or Census 2001
Population aged 0 - 15 ONS, 2008
disabled
Working-age population ONS, 2008
Attendance Allowance claimants DWP, 2009
Pensionable age population ONS, 2008
Disability Living Allowance claimants DWP, 2009
Male/Female population ONS, 2008
Education and skills
Pensioners living alone Census 2001
Adults with no qualifications Census 2001
Lone parent households with dependent children Census 2001
Adults with level 1, 2, 3, 4/5 qualifications Census 2001
Residential population aged 16-74 Census 2001
Housing
Workplace population aged 16-74 Census 2001
Households lacking central heating Census 2001
Total daytime population aged 16-74 Census 2001
Social Rented Housing Census 2001
Deprivation and low income
Overcrowded Households Census 2001
Working Age DWP Benefit claimants Department for Work and
Housing in Council Tax bands A and B Valuation Office Agency
Pensions (DWP), 2009
(VOA )/ CLG, 2008
Income Support claimants DWP, 2009
Housing Benefit and Council Tax Benefit claimants DWP 2005
Pension Credit Guarantee Element recipients DWP, 2009
Fire and rescue service: All incidents attended CLG, 2006
ID 2007 Income domain Communities and Local
Access to services
Government (CLG), Indices of
Households with no car or van Census 2001
Deprivation (ID) 2007
People working at home Census 2001
ID 2007 Income Deprivation Affecting Children CLG, ID 2007
People travelling more than 10 km to work Census 2001
ID 2007 Income Deprivation Affecting Older People CLG, ID 2007
Households more than 10km from a principal Job Commission for Rural
Employment and worklessness
Centre Communities (CRC) 2009
ID 2007 Employment domain CLG, ID 2007
Households more than 6km from a principal GP site CRC 2009
Jobseekers Allowance claimants DWP, 2009
Households more than 6km from a Secondary School CRC 2009
Incapacity Benefit claimants DWP, 2009
People working in their ward of residence Census 2001
Children in out-of-work families Her Majesty’s Revenue and
People working in their Local Authority of residence Census 2001
Customs (HMRC), 2006
Economically Inactive adults Census 2001
Self-employed people Census 2001


Appendix B: Definitions

What do we mean by “rural”?
The data presented in this report is primarily based on data available for small
areas. We have used the standard ONS/ Countryside Agency rural-urban
classification to identify whether particular areas are ‘rural’ or ‘urban’.

The rural-urban classifications are available for a range of geographical scales,
including Output Areas, Super Output Areas (both Lower and Middle Layer),
and Wards. They are categorised into four categories: urban, based on all
settlements over 10,000 population; small town & fringe; village; and hamlet &
isolated dwellings. For the analysis in this project, we have combined the small
town and fringe, village and hamlet & isolated dwellings categories into a
single rural category. In other words, our rural area analysis is based on all
areas outside settlements with populations of more than 10,000 people.

See www.defra.gov.uk/rural/ruralstats/rural-definition.htm for details of the
various rural-urban classifications.


Rural Share of Deprivation in Norfolk

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