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3GPP Long-Term Evolution / System Architecture Evolution
                                               Overview

                                           September 2006




Ulrich Barth                                     All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
Outline
                                                                                   2




        3G-LTE Introduction
            Motivation
            Workplan
            Requirements
        LTE air-interface
        LTE Architecture
        SAE Architecture




3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth   All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
3GPP Evolution
                                                                                                             3



       2G: Started years ago with GSM: Mainly voice
       2.5G: Adding Packet Services: GPRS, EDGE
       3G: Adding 3G Air Interface: UMTS
       3G Architecture:
          Support of 2G/2.5G and 3G Access
          Handover between GSM and UMTS technologies
       3G Extensions:
          HSDPA/HSUPA
          IP Multi Media Subsystem (IMS)
          Inter-working with WLAN (I-WLAN)
       Beyond 3G:
          Long Term Evolution (LTE)
          System Architecture Evolution (SAE)
          Adding Mobility towards I-WLAN and non-3GPP air interfaces


3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth                             All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
Motivation for LTE
                                                                                                         4



      Need for PS optimised system
        Evolve UMTS towards packet only system
      Need for higher data rates
        Can be achieved with HSDPA/HSUPA
        and/or new air interface defined by 3GPP LTE
      Need for high quality of services
        Use of licensed frequencies to guarantee quality of services
        Always-on experience (reduce control plane latency significantly)
        Reduce round trip delay (→ 3GPP LTE)
      Need for cheaper infrastructure
        Simplify architecture, reduce number of network elements
        Most data users are less mobile

3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth                         All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
LTE history - Workplan
                                                                                                             5




     Kick-off in RAN LTE workshop: Toronto, Nov. 2004
     Study Item: TR feasibility on system level (Dec 2004 – June 2006)
        TR 25.913: Requirements for E-UTRAN
        TR 25.813: EUTRA and EUTRAN radio interface protocol aspects
        TR 25.814: Physical layer aspects for E-UTRA
        TR 25.912: Feasibility Study for Evolved UTRA and UTRAN
     Detailed standard work: - June 2007
     First products deployed … 2010




3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth                             All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
RAN-LTE concept: Requirements
                                                                                                                         6



      3GPP TR 25.913
         Service related requirements:
            support of available and future advanced services VoIP
            higher peak data rates (e.g. 100 Mbps DL, 50 Mbps UL)
            U-Plane /C-Plane latency: transit time (<10ms); setup times (<100ms)
         Radio related requirements:
            improved “cell edge rates” and spectral efficiency (e.g. 2-4 x Rel6)
            improved inner cell average data throughputs (MIMO needed)
            Scaleable bandwidth - 1.25, 1.6, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz
         Cost related requirements: reduced CAPEX and OPEX imply
            less complexity in RAN (architecture, signaling procedures/protocols)
            economic usage of backhaul capacity; simplified and unified transport (IP)
         Compatibility Requirements:
            interworking with legacy 3G and cost effective migration



3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth                                         All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
Outline
                                                                                   7




        3G-LTE Introduction
        LTE air-interface
            Modulation / Multiple Access
            Multiple Antenna Schemes
            Scheduling
        LTE Architecture
        SAE Architecture




3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth   All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
3GPP LTE PHY
                                                                                                                8


      Modulation / Multiple Access
         Downlink: OFDM / OFDMA
            Allows simple receivers in the terminal in case of large bandwidth
            #subcarriers scales with bandwidth (76 ... 1201)
            frequency selective scheduling in DL (i.e. OFDMA)
            Adaptive modulation and coding (up to 64-QAM)
         Uplink: SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - Frequency Division Multiple Access)
            A FFT-based transmission scheme like OFDM
            But with better PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio)
            The total bandwidth is divided into a small number of frequency blocks to be
            assigned to the UEs (e.g., 15 blocks for a 5 MHz bandwidth)
            With Guard Interval (Cyclic Prefix) for easy Frequency Domain Equalisation
            (FDE) at receiver



3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth                                All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
3GPP LTE PHY
                                                                                                                                                                     9


         TTI length: 1ms, comprising 2 subframes; concatenation possible
         DL parameters from 25.814 (Aug. 06)
                                    Table 7.1.1-1 - Parameters for downlink transmission scheme
           Transmission BW         1.25 MHz           2.5 MHz           5 MHz                 10 MHz            15 MHz               20 MHz
          Sub-frame duration                                                      0.5 ms
          Sub-carrier spacing                                                     15 kHz
          Sampling frequency       1.92 MHz          3.84 MHz         7.68 MHz               15.36 MHz        23.04 MHz            30.72 MHz
                                 (1/2 × 3.84 MHz)                    (2 × 3.84 MHz)         (4 × 3.84 MHz)    (6 × 3.84 MHz)       (8 × 3.84 MHz)

                FFT size              128                  256            512                   1024              1536                 2048
          Number of occupied           76                  151            301                    601              901                  1201
           sub-carriers†, ††
              Number of                                                               7/6
           OFDM symbols
             per sub frame
           (Short/Long CP)
         CP length      Short     (4.69/9) × 6,     (4.69/18) × 6,   (4.69/36) × 6,         (4.69/72) × 6,   (4.69/108) × 6,     (4.69/144) × 6,
         (µs/samples)
                                 (5.21/10) × 1*     (5.21/20) × 1    (5.21/40) × 1          (5.21/80) × 1    (5.21/120) × 1       (5.21/160) ×1
                        Long       (16.67/32)        (16.67/64)       (16.67/128)            (16.67/256)      (16.67/384)          (16.67/512)

         †Includes DC sub-carrier which contains no data


3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth                                                                                     All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
3GPP LTE PHY – Multiple Antenna Schemes
                                                                                                          10


        Well-integrated part in LTE from the beginning
            Minimum antennas requirement: 2 at eNodeB, 2 Rx at UE
        Beamforming
            Improves throughput at cell edge
        Spatial Multiplexing                 MIMO                                                   NRx
                                                                                                Receive
                                                                                               Antennas
            Needs good channel conditions
                                                            NTx
              high SNR to enable good channel estimation    Transmit Antennas

             rich scattering environment, high spatial diversity, but NLOS !
            Improves throughput in cell center
        Multi-Antena Diversity
            Fall back solution if channel conditions don’t allow MIMO


3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth                              All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
3GPP LTE PHY - MIMO Basics
                                                                                                              11

          Transmission of several independent data streams in parallel over
          uncorrelated antennas (i.e. separated by ≥ 10 λ)
          ⇒ increased data rate
          The radio channel consists of NTx x NRx (ideally uncorrelated) paths
          Theoretical maximum rate increase factor = Min (NTx , NRx)
          (in a rich scattering environment; no gain in a line-of-sight environment)




                                                               MIMO - RX
                          MIMO - TX
                          processing




                                                               processing
     Data                                     MIMO
    Streams                                  Channel
             multiple codewords (MCW): each stream / antenna has its own FEC coding
                  “Per Antenna” (PAxx) schemes

3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth                                  All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
3GPP LTE PHY - Scheduling
                                                                                                                                                                                                                 12

            Resource Block Size: 12 subcarriers                                                                              100 RB in 20 MHz
     Frequency diverse scheduling
            UEs are allocated to distributed resource blocks (combs)
     Frequency selective scheduling - user specific
            Each UE is allocated its individual best part of the spectrum
            Best use of the spectrum ⇒ OFDM exploits channel capacity
            Sufficient feedback information on channel conditions from UE required
                                                                                                10
                                             Relativ e subcarrier power at receiving UE in dB




                                                                                                                                                A llo c a t e d t o U E 2
                                                                                                 8

                                                                                                          A l lo c a t e d
                                                                                                 6
                                                                                                              to U E 1

                                                                                                 4


                                                                                                 2


                                                                                                 0


                                                                                                -2


                                                                                                -4
                                                                                                     0   50              10 0             1 50               20 0       2 50     30 0
                                                                                                                                S u b c a rr ie r in d e x




3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth                                                                                                                                     All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
3GPP LTE PHY - Feedback Channel Concept
                                                                                                                                                              13


      UE: Reports the finest possible                                                        Downlink data
      granularity                                                                          (signalling /traffic)


         The reporting scheme and                                                                  Assignment of UE
                                                                                                   specific feedback                             ENB total
         granularity depend on the            UE measurements                                      reporting interval
                                                                                                                                                uplink load
         radio channel quality variation!      in frequency band




      ENB: Receives mobility and quality             UE                        Reporting
      information                                measurements                   interval

         Incremental feedback                     Frequency selective report      Reporting via
         information forms a rough                Frequency diverse report      feedback channel

         picture of the radio channel                                 UE                                                               ENB
         with the first report(s). The
         granularity gets finer and finer
         with each report.




                                                                                                                    loop
                                             Mobility and   channel
                                             scenario       gain
                                             information                                       time




3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth                                                                                 All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
Outline
                                                                               14




        3G-LTE Introduction
        LTE air-interface
        LTE Architecture
            Node Architecture
            User plane
            Control plane
        SAE Architecture




3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth   All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
Network Architecture for LTE

                                                                                                                 15



Architecture for User Plane Traffic                            IP service
                                                               networks
  Cost efficient 2 node architecture
  Fully meshed approach with tunneling                                                     LTE Access
                                                                                           Network
  mechanism over IP transport network
                                                              AGW
     Iu Flex approach                                                                  AGW

  Access Gateway (AGW)
                                              IP transport
  Enhanced Node B (ENB)                       network




                                                                                                        ENB

                                             ENB
                                                                                    ENB
                                                        ENB             ENB
                                                              ENB
                                                                         AGW: Access Gateway
                                                                         ENB: Enhanced Node B



3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth                                     All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
E-UTRAN Architecture
                                                                                                    [25.912]
                                                                                                                  16

                               The E-UTRAN consists of eNBs, providing
                                  the E-UTRA U-plane (RLC/MAC/PHY) and
                                  the C-plane (RRC) protocol terminations towards the UE.
                                  the eNBs interface to the aGW via the S1
                                                            eNodeB
                                                               All Radio-related issues
                                                               Decentralized mobility management
                                                               MAC and RRM
                                                               Simplified RRC
                                                            aGW
                                                               Paging origination
                                                               LTE_IDLE mode management
                                                               Ciphering of the user plane
                                                               Header Compression (ROHC)



3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth                                      All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
E-UTRAN Architecture: U-plane
                                                                        [R3.018]
                                                                                      17



     Differences between UMTS (HSDPA) and LTE/SAE




3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth          All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
Layer 2 Structure (eNB and aGW)
                                                                 [25.912]
                                                                               18




3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth   All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
ARQ and HARQ
                                                                           [25.813]
                                                                                         19




                                             The ARQ functionality
                                    ARQ      provides error correction by
                                             retransmissions in
                                             acknowledged mode at
                                             Layer 2.



                                             The HARQ functionality
                                   HARQ      ensures delivery between
                                             peer entities at Layer 1.




3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth             All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
ARQ and HARQ
                                                                                      [25.813]
                                                                                                    20



   HARQ characteristics
             N-process Stop-And-Wait HARQ is used
             The HARQ is based on ACK/NACKs
             In the downlink asynchronous retransmissions with adaptive
             transmission parameters are supported
             In the uplink HARQ is based on synchronous retransmissions
   ARQ characteristics
             The ARQ retransmits RLC SDUs (IP packets)
             ARQ retransmissions are based on HARQ/ARQ interactions
   HARQ/ARQ interactions
             ARQ uses knowledge obtained from the HARQ about the
             transmission/reception status of a Transport Block


3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth                        All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
E-UTRAN C-Plane: Distributed RRM
                                                                                                                 21



            Radio Bearer Control (RBC)
            Radio Admission Control (RAC)
            Connection Mobility Control (CMC)
            Dynamic Resource Allocation (scheduling) (DRA)
            Radio Configuration (RC)




        References for Distributed RRM
            R2-052905 RRM for Architecture Option C in the Control Plane and Option A in the
            User Plane
            R3-051248 Definition of Multi- and Intra-cell RRM
            R3-060029 Handling of RRM in a Decentralized RAN Architecture



3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth                                     All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
E-UTRAN C-Plane: Intra-LTE Handover
                                                                                                                   22


            Network controlled handover: decision taken by Source ENB
            Preparation phase
              preparation of Target eNodeB by context transfer prior to HO command
              Break before make approach
              core network not involved during preparation phase
            Temporary forwarding of UP data from Source ENB to Target ENB
            Path switching at AGW
              after establishment of new connection between UE and Target ENB
              no temporary buffering at AGW
            Performance
              short interruption time in the range of 30 ms
              same handover procedure applicable for real-time (delay sensitive) and non real-time
              (non delay sensitive) services
              suitable for lossless and seamless handovers



3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth                                       All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
E-UTRAN C-Plane: Intra-LTE Handover
                                                                                                                              23




                                             Source                  Target
                   UE                                                                     AGW
                                              ENB                     ENB
                                   1-UE measurements
                    2-Reporting of measurements




                                                                                                                Preparation
                                        3-HO decision




                                                                                                                   phase
                                                4-HO Request
                                                5-HO Response
  Interruption




                        6-HO Command




                                                                                                               Execution
      time




                                                                                                                 phase
                                                      7-Forwarding
                        8-HO Complete                                     9-Path Switch

                                                10-Release Command




3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth                                                All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
Outline
                                                                               24




        3G-LTE Introduction
        LTE air-interface
        LTE Architecture
        SAE Architecture
            Objectives
            Node Architecture




3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth   All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
System Architecture Evolution
                                                                                                         25



    Objectives
       New core network architecture to support the high-throughput / low-
       latency LTE access system
           Simplified network architecture
       All IP network
           All services are via PS domain only, No CS domain
       Support mobility between multiple heterogeneous access system
          2G/3G, LTE, non 3GPP access systems (e.g. WLAN, WiMAX)
          Inter-3GPP handover (GPRS <> E-UTRAN): Using GTP-C based interface for
          exchange of Radio info/context to prepare handover
          Inter 3GPP non-3GPP mobility: Evaluation of host based (MIPv4, MIPv6,
          DSMIPv6) and network based (NetLMM, PMIPv4, PMIPv6) protocols




3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth                             All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
SAE Architecture: Baseline
                                                                                                                                                      26


                    GERAN                Gb

                                                 SGSN         GPRS Core                      PCRF
                                          Iu
                     UTRAN                                                                              Rx+
                                                                                    S7
                                                  S3           S4
                                                                                         HSS            Op.
                                                         S5a            S5b             S6               IP
                                       S1        MME           3GPP         SAE              SGi       Serv.
                  Evolved RAN                                  Anchor      Anchor                      (IMS,
                                                 UPE
                                                                    IASA                               PSS,
                                                        Evolved Packet Core                            etc…)

                                                                    S2             S2

                                                        non 3GPP                 WLAN
                                                        IP Access             3GPP IP Access

                * Color coding: red indicates new functional element / interface
                            Figure 4.2-1: Logical high level architecture for the evolved system [3GPP TR 23.882]




3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth                                                                          All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
SAE Architecture: Functions per Element
                                                                                                           27




                                      MME          3GPP        SAE
                                      UPE          Anchor      Anchor
                                                        IASA
                                             Evolved Packet Core (EPC)


           MME (Mobility Management Entity):
             Manages and stores the UE control plane context, generates temporary Id,
             UE authentication, authorisation of TA/PLMN, mobility management
           UPE (User Plane Entity):
             Manages and stores UE context, DL UP termination in LTE_IDLE, ciphering,
             mobility anchor, packet routing and forwarding, initiation of paging
           3GPP anchor:
             Mobility anchor between 2G/3G and LTE
           SAE anchor:
              Mobility anchor between 3GPP and non 3GPP (I-WLAN, etc)


3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth                               All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
SAE Architecture: Interfaces
                                                                                                                                         28
                                                                                        user and bearer
                     GERAN              Gb                                              information exchange for
                                         Iu   SGSN      GPRS Core                       inter 3GPP access system
                                                                                      PCRF
                                                                                        mobility
                                                                                              Rx+
                      UTRAN                                                    S7
                                              S3          S4
                                                                                    HSS       Op.
                                                    S5a            S5b          S6             IP
                                      S1      MME         3GPP         SAE            SGi    Serv.
                   Evolved RAN                            Anchor      Anchor                 (IMS,
                                              UPE
                                                               IASA                          PSS,
                                                   Evolved Packet Core                       etc…)

                                                               S2          S2

C-Plane: S1-C between                                non 3GPP                     WLAN
                                                      IP Access             3GPP IP Access
eNB and MME                                                                                      transfer of subscription
U-Plane: S1-U* between red indicates new functional element / interface
               Color coding:                                                                     and authentication data
                         Figure 4.2-1: Logical high level architecture for the evolved system [3GPP TR 23.882]
eNB and UPE                                                                                      for user access to the
                                                                                                 evolved system
                                                                                                 (AAA interface).



 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth                                                            All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
SAE Architecture: Interfaces
                                                                                                                                        29


                    GERAN              Gb

                                        Iu   SGSN     GPRS Core                       mobility
                                                                                     PCRF       support between
                     UTRAN                                                    S7
                                                                                         GPRS Core and Inter AS
                                                                                               Rx+

                                             S3          S4
                                                                                         Anchor
                                                                                   HSS         Op.
                                                   S5a            S5b          S6               IP
                                     S1      MME         3GPP         SAE            SGi      Serv.
                  Evolved RAN                            Anchor      Anchor                   (IMS,
                                             UPE
                                                              IASA                            PSS,
                                                  Evolved Packet Core                         etc…)

                                                              S2          S2

                                                  non 3GPP                 WLAN       transfer of (QoS) policy
                                                  IP Access             3GPP IP Accessand charging rules from
   mobility support between
              * Color coding: red indicates new functional element / interface
                                                                                      PCRF (Policy and
   WLAN 3GPP IP access or Logical high level architecture for the evolved system [3GPPCharging Rule Function )
                          Figure 4.2-1:                                                TR 23.882]

   non 3GPP IP access and
   Inter AS Anchor



3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth                                                            All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
Thank You
                    Ulrich.Barth@Alcatel.de




Ulrich Barth                      All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel

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01 3 gpp-lte-sae_overview_sep06

  • 1. 3GPP Long-Term Evolution / System Architecture Evolution Overview September 2006 Ulrich Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 2. Outline 2 3G-LTE Introduction Motivation Workplan Requirements LTE air-interface LTE Architecture SAE Architecture 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 3. 3GPP Evolution 3 2G: Started years ago with GSM: Mainly voice 2.5G: Adding Packet Services: GPRS, EDGE 3G: Adding 3G Air Interface: UMTS 3G Architecture: Support of 2G/2.5G and 3G Access Handover between GSM and UMTS technologies 3G Extensions: HSDPA/HSUPA IP Multi Media Subsystem (IMS) Inter-working with WLAN (I-WLAN) Beyond 3G: Long Term Evolution (LTE) System Architecture Evolution (SAE) Adding Mobility towards I-WLAN and non-3GPP air interfaces 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 4. Motivation for LTE 4 Need for PS optimised system Evolve UMTS towards packet only system Need for higher data rates Can be achieved with HSDPA/HSUPA and/or new air interface defined by 3GPP LTE Need for high quality of services Use of licensed frequencies to guarantee quality of services Always-on experience (reduce control plane latency significantly) Reduce round trip delay (→ 3GPP LTE) Need for cheaper infrastructure Simplify architecture, reduce number of network elements Most data users are less mobile 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 5. LTE history - Workplan 5 Kick-off in RAN LTE workshop: Toronto, Nov. 2004 Study Item: TR feasibility on system level (Dec 2004 – June 2006) TR 25.913: Requirements for E-UTRAN TR 25.813: EUTRA and EUTRAN radio interface protocol aspects TR 25.814: Physical layer aspects for E-UTRA TR 25.912: Feasibility Study for Evolved UTRA and UTRAN Detailed standard work: - June 2007 First products deployed … 2010 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 6. RAN-LTE concept: Requirements 6 3GPP TR 25.913 Service related requirements: support of available and future advanced services VoIP higher peak data rates (e.g. 100 Mbps DL, 50 Mbps UL) U-Plane /C-Plane latency: transit time (<10ms); setup times (<100ms) Radio related requirements: improved “cell edge rates” and spectral efficiency (e.g. 2-4 x Rel6) improved inner cell average data throughputs (MIMO needed) Scaleable bandwidth - 1.25, 1.6, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz Cost related requirements: reduced CAPEX and OPEX imply less complexity in RAN (architecture, signaling procedures/protocols) economic usage of backhaul capacity; simplified and unified transport (IP) Compatibility Requirements: interworking with legacy 3G and cost effective migration 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 7. Outline 7 3G-LTE Introduction LTE air-interface Modulation / Multiple Access Multiple Antenna Schemes Scheduling LTE Architecture SAE Architecture 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 8. 3GPP LTE PHY 8 Modulation / Multiple Access Downlink: OFDM / OFDMA Allows simple receivers in the terminal in case of large bandwidth #subcarriers scales with bandwidth (76 ... 1201) frequency selective scheduling in DL (i.e. OFDMA) Adaptive modulation and coding (up to 64-QAM) Uplink: SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - Frequency Division Multiple Access) A FFT-based transmission scheme like OFDM But with better PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) The total bandwidth is divided into a small number of frequency blocks to be assigned to the UEs (e.g., 15 blocks for a 5 MHz bandwidth) With Guard Interval (Cyclic Prefix) for easy Frequency Domain Equalisation (FDE) at receiver 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 9. 3GPP LTE PHY 9 TTI length: 1ms, comprising 2 subframes; concatenation possible DL parameters from 25.814 (Aug. 06) Table 7.1.1-1 - Parameters for downlink transmission scheme Transmission BW 1.25 MHz 2.5 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz Sub-frame duration 0.5 ms Sub-carrier spacing 15 kHz Sampling frequency 1.92 MHz 3.84 MHz 7.68 MHz 15.36 MHz 23.04 MHz 30.72 MHz (1/2 × 3.84 MHz) (2 × 3.84 MHz) (4 × 3.84 MHz) (6 × 3.84 MHz) (8 × 3.84 MHz) FFT size 128 256 512 1024 1536 2048 Number of occupied 76 151 301 601 901 1201 sub-carriers†, †† Number of 7/6 OFDM symbols per sub frame (Short/Long CP) CP length Short (4.69/9) × 6, (4.69/18) × 6, (4.69/36) × 6, (4.69/72) × 6, (4.69/108) × 6, (4.69/144) × 6, (µs/samples) (5.21/10) × 1* (5.21/20) × 1 (5.21/40) × 1 (5.21/80) × 1 (5.21/120) × 1 (5.21/160) ×1 Long (16.67/32) (16.67/64) (16.67/128) (16.67/256) (16.67/384) (16.67/512) †Includes DC sub-carrier which contains no data 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 10. 3GPP LTE PHY – Multiple Antenna Schemes 10 Well-integrated part in LTE from the beginning Minimum antennas requirement: 2 at eNodeB, 2 Rx at UE Beamforming Improves throughput at cell edge Spatial Multiplexing MIMO NRx Receive Antennas Needs good channel conditions NTx high SNR to enable good channel estimation Transmit Antennas rich scattering environment, high spatial diversity, but NLOS ! Improves throughput in cell center Multi-Antena Diversity Fall back solution if channel conditions don’t allow MIMO 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 11. 3GPP LTE PHY - MIMO Basics 11 Transmission of several independent data streams in parallel over uncorrelated antennas (i.e. separated by ≥ 10 λ) ⇒ increased data rate The radio channel consists of NTx x NRx (ideally uncorrelated) paths Theoretical maximum rate increase factor = Min (NTx , NRx) (in a rich scattering environment; no gain in a line-of-sight environment) MIMO - RX MIMO - TX processing processing Data MIMO Streams Channel multiple codewords (MCW): each stream / antenna has its own FEC coding “Per Antenna” (PAxx) schemes 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 12. 3GPP LTE PHY - Scheduling 12 Resource Block Size: 12 subcarriers 100 RB in 20 MHz Frequency diverse scheduling UEs are allocated to distributed resource blocks (combs) Frequency selective scheduling - user specific Each UE is allocated its individual best part of the spectrum Best use of the spectrum ⇒ OFDM exploits channel capacity Sufficient feedback information on channel conditions from UE required 10 Relativ e subcarrier power at receiving UE in dB A llo c a t e d t o U E 2 8 A l lo c a t e d 6 to U E 1 4 2 0 -2 -4 0 50 10 0 1 50 20 0 2 50 30 0 S u b c a rr ie r in d e x 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 13. 3GPP LTE PHY - Feedback Channel Concept 13 UE: Reports the finest possible Downlink data granularity (signalling /traffic) The reporting scheme and Assignment of UE specific feedback ENB total granularity depend on the UE measurements reporting interval uplink load radio channel quality variation! in frequency band ENB: Receives mobility and quality UE Reporting information measurements interval Incremental feedback Frequency selective report Reporting via information forms a rough Frequency diverse report feedback channel picture of the radio channel UE ENB with the first report(s). The granularity gets finer and finer with each report. loop Mobility and channel scenario gain information time 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 14. Outline 14 3G-LTE Introduction LTE air-interface LTE Architecture Node Architecture User plane Control plane SAE Architecture 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 15. Network Architecture for LTE 15 Architecture for User Plane Traffic IP service networks Cost efficient 2 node architecture Fully meshed approach with tunneling LTE Access Network mechanism over IP transport network AGW Iu Flex approach AGW Access Gateway (AGW) IP transport Enhanced Node B (ENB) network ENB ENB ENB ENB ENB ENB AGW: Access Gateway ENB: Enhanced Node B 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 16. E-UTRAN Architecture [25.912] 16 The E-UTRAN consists of eNBs, providing the E-UTRA U-plane (RLC/MAC/PHY) and the C-plane (RRC) protocol terminations towards the UE. the eNBs interface to the aGW via the S1 eNodeB All Radio-related issues Decentralized mobility management MAC and RRM Simplified RRC aGW Paging origination LTE_IDLE mode management Ciphering of the user plane Header Compression (ROHC) 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 17. E-UTRAN Architecture: U-plane [R3.018] 17 Differences between UMTS (HSDPA) and LTE/SAE 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 18. Layer 2 Structure (eNB and aGW) [25.912] 18 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 19. ARQ and HARQ [25.813] 19 The ARQ functionality ARQ provides error correction by retransmissions in acknowledged mode at Layer 2. The HARQ functionality HARQ ensures delivery between peer entities at Layer 1. 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 20. ARQ and HARQ [25.813] 20 HARQ characteristics N-process Stop-And-Wait HARQ is used The HARQ is based on ACK/NACKs In the downlink asynchronous retransmissions with adaptive transmission parameters are supported In the uplink HARQ is based on synchronous retransmissions ARQ characteristics The ARQ retransmits RLC SDUs (IP packets) ARQ retransmissions are based on HARQ/ARQ interactions HARQ/ARQ interactions ARQ uses knowledge obtained from the HARQ about the transmission/reception status of a Transport Block 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 21. E-UTRAN C-Plane: Distributed RRM 21 Radio Bearer Control (RBC) Radio Admission Control (RAC) Connection Mobility Control (CMC) Dynamic Resource Allocation (scheduling) (DRA) Radio Configuration (RC) References for Distributed RRM R2-052905 RRM for Architecture Option C in the Control Plane and Option A in the User Plane R3-051248 Definition of Multi- and Intra-cell RRM R3-060029 Handling of RRM in a Decentralized RAN Architecture 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 22. E-UTRAN C-Plane: Intra-LTE Handover 22 Network controlled handover: decision taken by Source ENB Preparation phase preparation of Target eNodeB by context transfer prior to HO command Break before make approach core network not involved during preparation phase Temporary forwarding of UP data from Source ENB to Target ENB Path switching at AGW after establishment of new connection between UE and Target ENB no temporary buffering at AGW Performance short interruption time in the range of 30 ms same handover procedure applicable for real-time (delay sensitive) and non real-time (non delay sensitive) services suitable for lossless and seamless handovers 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 23. E-UTRAN C-Plane: Intra-LTE Handover 23 Source Target UE AGW ENB ENB 1-UE measurements 2-Reporting of measurements Preparation 3-HO decision phase 4-HO Request 5-HO Response Interruption 6-HO Command Execution time phase 7-Forwarding 8-HO Complete 9-Path Switch 10-Release Command 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 24. Outline 24 3G-LTE Introduction LTE air-interface LTE Architecture SAE Architecture Objectives Node Architecture 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 25. System Architecture Evolution 25 Objectives New core network architecture to support the high-throughput / low- latency LTE access system Simplified network architecture All IP network All services are via PS domain only, No CS domain Support mobility between multiple heterogeneous access system 2G/3G, LTE, non 3GPP access systems (e.g. WLAN, WiMAX) Inter-3GPP handover (GPRS <> E-UTRAN): Using GTP-C based interface for exchange of Radio info/context to prepare handover Inter 3GPP non-3GPP mobility: Evaluation of host based (MIPv4, MIPv6, DSMIPv6) and network based (NetLMM, PMIPv4, PMIPv6) protocols 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 26. SAE Architecture: Baseline 26 GERAN Gb SGSN GPRS Core PCRF Iu UTRAN Rx+ S7 S3 S4 HSS Op. S5a S5b S6 IP S1 MME 3GPP SAE SGi Serv. Evolved RAN Anchor Anchor (IMS, UPE IASA PSS, Evolved Packet Core etc…) S2 S2 non 3GPP WLAN IP Access 3GPP IP Access * Color coding: red indicates new functional element / interface Figure 4.2-1: Logical high level architecture for the evolved system [3GPP TR 23.882] 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 27. SAE Architecture: Functions per Element 27 MME 3GPP SAE UPE Anchor Anchor IASA Evolved Packet Core (EPC) MME (Mobility Management Entity): Manages and stores the UE control plane context, generates temporary Id, UE authentication, authorisation of TA/PLMN, mobility management UPE (User Plane Entity): Manages and stores UE context, DL UP termination in LTE_IDLE, ciphering, mobility anchor, packet routing and forwarding, initiation of paging 3GPP anchor: Mobility anchor between 2G/3G and LTE SAE anchor: Mobility anchor between 3GPP and non 3GPP (I-WLAN, etc) 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 28. SAE Architecture: Interfaces 28 user and bearer GERAN Gb information exchange for Iu SGSN GPRS Core inter 3GPP access system PCRF mobility Rx+ UTRAN S7 S3 S4 HSS Op. S5a S5b S6 IP S1 MME 3GPP SAE SGi Serv. Evolved RAN Anchor Anchor (IMS, UPE IASA PSS, Evolved Packet Core etc…) S2 S2 C-Plane: S1-C between non 3GPP WLAN IP Access 3GPP IP Access eNB and MME transfer of subscription U-Plane: S1-U* between red indicates new functional element / interface Color coding: and authentication data Figure 4.2-1: Logical high level architecture for the evolved system [3GPP TR 23.882] eNB and UPE for user access to the evolved system (AAA interface). 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 29. SAE Architecture: Interfaces 29 GERAN Gb Iu SGSN GPRS Core mobility PCRF support between UTRAN S7 GPRS Core and Inter AS Rx+ S3 S4 Anchor HSS Op. S5a S5b S6 IP S1 MME 3GPP SAE SGi Serv. Evolved RAN Anchor Anchor (IMS, UPE IASA PSS, Evolved Packet Core etc…) S2 S2 non 3GPP WLAN transfer of (QoS) policy IP Access 3GPP IP Accessand charging rules from mobility support between * Color coding: red indicates new functional element / interface PCRF (Policy and WLAN 3GPP IP access or Logical high level architecture for the evolved system [3GPPCharging Rule Function ) Figure 4.2-1: TR 23.882] non 3GPP IP access and Inter AS Anchor 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
  • 30. Thank You Ulrich.Barth@Alcatel.de Ulrich Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel