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01 3 gpp-lte-sae_overview_sep06
1.
3GPP Long-Term Evolution
/ System Architecture Evolution Overview September 2006 Ulrich Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
2.
Outline
2 3G-LTE Introduction Motivation Workplan Requirements LTE air-interface LTE Architecture SAE Architecture 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
3.
3GPP Evolution
3 2G: Started years ago with GSM: Mainly voice 2.5G: Adding Packet Services: GPRS, EDGE 3G: Adding 3G Air Interface: UMTS 3G Architecture: Support of 2G/2.5G and 3G Access Handover between GSM and UMTS technologies 3G Extensions: HSDPA/HSUPA IP Multi Media Subsystem (IMS) Inter-working with WLAN (I-WLAN) Beyond 3G: Long Term Evolution (LTE) System Architecture Evolution (SAE) Adding Mobility towards I-WLAN and non-3GPP air interfaces 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
4.
Motivation for LTE
4 Need for PS optimised system Evolve UMTS towards packet only system Need for higher data rates Can be achieved with HSDPA/HSUPA and/or new air interface defined by 3GPP LTE Need for high quality of services Use of licensed frequencies to guarantee quality of services Always-on experience (reduce control plane latency significantly) Reduce round trip delay (→ 3GPP LTE) Need for cheaper infrastructure Simplify architecture, reduce number of network elements Most data users are less mobile 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
5.
LTE history -
Workplan 5 Kick-off in RAN LTE workshop: Toronto, Nov. 2004 Study Item: TR feasibility on system level (Dec 2004 – June 2006) TR 25.913: Requirements for E-UTRAN TR 25.813: EUTRA and EUTRAN radio interface protocol aspects TR 25.814: Physical layer aspects for E-UTRA TR 25.912: Feasibility Study for Evolved UTRA and UTRAN Detailed standard work: - June 2007 First products deployed … 2010 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
6.
RAN-LTE concept: Requirements
6 3GPP TR 25.913 Service related requirements: support of available and future advanced services VoIP higher peak data rates (e.g. 100 Mbps DL, 50 Mbps UL) U-Plane /C-Plane latency: transit time (<10ms); setup times (<100ms) Radio related requirements: improved “cell edge rates” and spectral efficiency (e.g. 2-4 x Rel6) improved inner cell average data throughputs (MIMO needed) Scaleable bandwidth - 1.25, 1.6, 2.5, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz Cost related requirements: reduced CAPEX and OPEX imply less complexity in RAN (architecture, signaling procedures/protocols) economic usage of backhaul capacity; simplified and unified transport (IP) Compatibility Requirements: interworking with legacy 3G and cost effective migration 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
7.
Outline
7 3G-LTE Introduction LTE air-interface Modulation / Multiple Access Multiple Antenna Schemes Scheduling LTE Architecture SAE Architecture 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
8.
3GPP LTE PHY
8 Modulation / Multiple Access Downlink: OFDM / OFDMA Allows simple receivers in the terminal in case of large bandwidth #subcarriers scales with bandwidth (76 ... 1201) frequency selective scheduling in DL (i.e. OFDMA) Adaptive modulation and coding (up to 64-QAM) Uplink: SC-FDMA (Single Carrier - Frequency Division Multiple Access) A FFT-based transmission scheme like OFDM But with better PAPR (Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) The total bandwidth is divided into a small number of frequency blocks to be assigned to the UEs (e.g., 15 blocks for a 5 MHz bandwidth) With Guard Interval (Cyclic Prefix) for easy Frequency Domain Equalisation (FDE) at receiver 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
9.
3GPP LTE PHY
9 TTI length: 1ms, comprising 2 subframes; concatenation possible DL parameters from 25.814 (Aug. 06) Table 7.1.1-1 - Parameters for downlink transmission scheme Transmission BW 1.25 MHz 2.5 MHz 5 MHz 10 MHz 15 MHz 20 MHz Sub-frame duration 0.5 ms Sub-carrier spacing 15 kHz Sampling frequency 1.92 MHz 3.84 MHz 7.68 MHz 15.36 MHz 23.04 MHz 30.72 MHz (1/2 × 3.84 MHz) (2 × 3.84 MHz) (4 × 3.84 MHz) (6 × 3.84 MHz) (8 × 3.84 MHz) FFT size 128 256 512 1024 1536 2048 Number of occupied 76 151 301 601 901 1201 sub-carriers†, †† Number of 7/6 OFDM symbols per sub frame (Short/Long CP) CP length Short (4.69/9) × 6, (4.69/18) × 6, (4.69/36) × 6, (4.69/72) × 6, (4.69/108) × 6, (4.69/144) × 6, (µs/samples) (5.21/10) × 1* (5.21/20) × 1 (5.21/40) × 1 (5.21/80) × 1 (5.21/120) × 1 (5.21/160) ×1 Long (16.67/32) (16.67/64) (16.67/128) (16.67/256) (16.67/384) (16.67/512) †Includes DC sub-carrier which contains no data 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
10.
3GPP LTE PHY
– Multiple Antenna Schemes 10 Well-integrated part in LTE from the beginning Minimum antennas requirement: 2 at eNodeB, 2 Rx at UE Beamforming Improves throughput at cell edge Spatial Multiplexing MIMO NRx Receive Antennas Needs good channel conditions NTx high SNR to enable good channel estimation Transmit Antennas rich scattering environment, high spatial diversity, but NLOS ! Improves throughput in cell center Multi-Antena Diversity Fall back solution if channel conditions don’t allow MIMO 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
11.
3GPP LTE PHY
- MIMO Basics 11 Transmission of several independent data streams in parallel over uncorrelated antennas (i.e. separated by ≥ 10 λ) ⇒ increased data rate The radio channel consists of NTx x NRx (ideally uncorrelated) paths Theoretical maximum rate increase factor = Min (NTx , NRx) (in a rich scattering environment; no gain in a line-of-sight environment) MIMO - RX MIMO - TX processing processing Data MIMO Streams Channel multiple codewords (MCW): each stream / antenna has its own FEC coding “Per Antenna” (PAxx) schemes 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
12.
3GPP LTE PHY
- Scheduling 12 Resource Block Size: 12 subcarriers 100 RB in 20 MHz Frequency diverse scheduling UEs are allocated to distributed resource blocks (combs) Frequency selective scheduling - user specific Each UE is allocated its individual best part of the spectrum Best use of the spectrum ⇒ OFDM exploits channel capacity Sufficient feedback information on channel conditions from UE required 10 Relativ e subcarrier power at receiving UE in dB A llo c a t e d t o U E 2 8 A l lo c a t e d 6 to U E 1 4 2 0 -2 -4 0 50 10 0 1 50 20 0 2 50 30 0 S u b c a rr ie r in d e x 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
13.
3GPP LTE PHY
- Feedback Channel Concept 13 UE: Reports the finest possible Downlink data granularity (signalling /traffic) The reporting scheme and Assignment of UE specific feedback ENB total granularity depend on the UE measurements reporting interval uplink load radio channel quality variation! in frequency band ENB: Receives mobility and quality UE Reporting information measurements interval Incremental feedback Frequency selective report Reporting via information forms a rough Frequency diverse report feedback channel picture of the radio channel UE ENB with the first report(s). The granularity gets finer and finer with each report. loop Mobility and channel scenario gain information time 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
14.
Outline
14 3G-LTE Introduction LTE air-interface LTE Architecture Node Architecture User plane Control plane SAE Architecture 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
15.
Network Architecture for
LTE 15 Architecture for User Plane Traffic IP service networks Cost efficient 2 node architecture Fully meshed approach with tunneling LTE Access Network mechanism over IP transport network AGW Iu Flex approach AGW Access Gateway (AGW) IP transport Enhanced Node B (ENB) network ENB ENB ENB ENB ENB ENB AGW: Access Gateway ENB: Enhanced Node B 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
16.
E-UTRAN Architecture
[25.912] 16 The E-UTRAN consists of eNBs, providing the E-UTRA U-plane (RLC/MAC/PHY) and the C-plane (RRC) protocol terminations towards the UE. the eNBs interface to the aGW via the S1 eNodeB All Radio-related issues Decentralized mobility management MAC and RRM Simplified RRC aGW Paging origination LTE_IDLE mode management Ciphering of the user plane Header Compression (ROHC) 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
17.
E-UTRAN Architecture: U-plane
[R3.018] 17 Differences between UMTS (HSDPA) and LTE/SAE 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
18.
Layer 2 Structure
(eNB and aGW) [25.912] 18 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
19.
ARQ and HARQ
[25.813] 19 The ARQ functionality ARQ provides error correction by retransmissions in acknowledged mode at Layer 2. The HARQ functionality HARQ ensures delivery between peer entities at Layer 1. 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
20.
ARQ and HARQ
[25.813] 20 HARQ characteristics N-process Stop-And-Wait HARQ is used The HARQ is based on ACK/NACKs In the downlink asynchronous retransmissions with adaptive transmission parameters are supported In the uplink HARQ is based on synchronous retransmissions ARQ characteristics The ARQ retransmits RLC SDUs (IP packets) ARQ retransmissions are based on HARQ/ARQ interactions HARQ/ARQ interactions ARQ uses knowledge obtained from the HARQ about the transmission/reception status of a Transport Block 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
21.
E-UTRAN C-Plane: Distributed
RRM 21 Radio Bearer Control (RBC) Radio Admission Control (RAC) Connection Mobility Control (CMC) Dynamic Resource Allocation (scheduling) (DRA) Radio Configuration (RC) References for Distributed RRM R2-052905 RRM for Architecture Option C in the Control Plane and Option A in the User Plane R3-051248 Definition of Multi- and Intra-cell RRM R3-060029 Handling of RRM in a Decentralized RAN Architecture 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
22.
E-UTRAN C-Plane: Intra-LTE
Handover 22 Network controlled handover: decision taken by Source ENB Preparation phase preparation of Target eNodeB by context transfer prior to HO command Break before make approach core network not involved during preparation phase Temporary forwarding of UP data from Source ENB to Target ENB Path switching at AGW after establishment of new connection between UE and Target ENB no temporary buffering at AGW Performance short interruption time in the range of 30 ms same handover procedure applicable for real-time (delay sensitive) and non real-time (non delay sensitive) services suitable for lossless and seamless handovers 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
23.
E-UTRAN C-Plane: Intra-LTE
Handover 23 Source Target UE AGW ENB ENB 1-UE measurements 2-Reporting of measurements Preparation 3-HO decision phase 4-HO Request 5-HO Response Interruption 6-HO Command Execution time phase 7-Forwarding 8-HO Complete 9-Path Switch 10-Release Command 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
24.
Outline
24 3G-LTE Introduction LTE air-interface LTE Architecture SAE Architecture Objectives Node Architecture 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
25.
System Architecture Evolution
25 Objectives New core network architecture to support the high-throughput / low- latency LTE access system Simplified network architecture All IP network All services are via PS domain only, No CS domain Support mobility between multiple heterogeneous access system 2G/3G, LTE, non 3GPP access systems (e.g. WLAN, WiMAX) Inter-3GPP handover (GPRS <> E-UTRAN): Using GTP-C based interface for exchange of Radio info/context to prepare handover Inter 3GPP non-3GPP mobility: Evaluation of host based (MIPv4, MIPv6, DSMIPv6) and network based (NetLMM, PMIPv4, PMIPv6) protocols 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
26.
SAE Architecture: Baseline
26 GERAN Gb SGSN GPRS Core PCRF Iu UTRAN Rx+ S7 S3 S4 HSS Op. S5a S5b S6 IP S1 MME 3GPP SAE SGi Serv. Evolved RAN Anchor Anchor (IMS, UPE IASA PSS, Evolved Packet Core etc…) S2 S2 non 3GPP WLAN IP Access 3GPP IP Access * Color coding: red indicates new functional element / interface Figure 4.2-1: Logical high level architecture for the evolved system [3GPP TR 23.882] 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
27.
SAE Architecture: Functions
per Element 27 MME 3GPP SAE UPE Anchor Anchor IASA Evolved Packet Core (EPC) MME (Mobility Management Entity): Manages and stores the UE control plane context, generates temporary Id, UE authentication, authorisation of TA/PLMN, mobility management UPE (User Plane Entity): Manages and stores UE context, DL UP termination in LTE_IDLE, ciphering, mobility anchor, packet routing and forwarding, initiation of paging 3GPP anchor: Mobility anchor between 2G/3G and LTE SAE anchor: Mobility anchor between 3GPP and non 3GPP (I-WLAN, etc) 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
28.
SAE Architecture: Interfaces
28 user and bearer GERAN Gb information exchange for Iu SGSN GPRS Core inter 3GPP access system PCRF mobility Rx+ UTRAN S7 S3 S4 HSS Op. S5a S5b S6 IP S1 MME 3GPP SAE SGi Serv. Evolved RAN Anchor Anchor (IMS, UPE IASA PSS, Evolved Packet Core etc…) S2 S2 C-Plane: S1-C between non 3GPP WLAN IP Access 3GPP IP Access eNB and MME transfer of subscription U-Plane: S1-U* between red indicates new functional element / interface Color coding: and authentication data Figure 4.2-1: Logical high level architecture for the evolved system [3GPP TR 23.882] eNB and UPE for user access to the evolved system (AAA interface). 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
29.
SAE Architecture: Interfaces
29 GERAN Gb Iu SGSN GPRS Core mobility PCRF support between UTRAN S7 GPRS Core and Inter AS Rx+ S3 S4 Anchor HSS Op. S5a S5b S6 IP S1 MME 3GPP SAE SGi Serv. Evolved RAN Anchor Anchor (IMS, UPE IASA PSS, Evolved Packet Core etc…) S2 S2 non 3GPP WLAN transfer of (QoS) policy IP Access 3GPP IP Accessand charging rules from mobility support between * Color coding: red indicates new functional element / interface PCRF (Policy and WLAN 3GPP IP access or Logical high level architecture for the evolved system [3GPPCharging Rule Function ) Figure 4.2-1: TR 23.882] non 3GPP IP access and Inter AS Anchor 3GPP LTE/SAE Overview / Sept. 06 / U.Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
30.
Thank You
Ulrich.Barth@Alcatel.de Ulrich Barth All rights reserved © 2006, Alcatel
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