Here I'd like to share some facts about the rate and causes of suicide that takes place.

2. DEFINITION

3. LEGISLATION
• In most Western countries, suicide is no longer a crime, it however
was in most Western European countries from the Middle Ages
until at least the 1800s. Most of Muslim majority nations label it a
criminal offense.
In Australia suicide is not a crime. No country in Europe currently
considers suicide or attempted suicide to be a crime. England and
Wales decriminalized suicide via the Suicide Act 1961 and the
Republic of Ireland in 1993. The word "commit" was used in
reference to it being illegal however many organizations have
stopped it because of the negative connotation. In India, suicide is
illegal and surviving family may face legal difficulties. In Germany,
active euthanasia is illegal and anyone present during suicide may
be prosecuted for failure to render aid in an
emergency. Switzerland has recently taken steps to legalize assisted
suicide for the chronically mentally ill.

4. PHILOSOPHY
• A number of questions are raised within the
philosophy of suicide, included what constitutes
suicide, whether or not suicide can be a rational
choice, and the moral permissibility of suicide.
Philosophical arguments in regard to whether or
not suicide can be morally acceptable range from
strong opposition, (viewing suicide as unethical
and immoral), through to perceptions of suicide
as a sacrosanct right for anyone (even a young
and healthy person) who believes they have
rationally and conscientiously come to the
decision to end their own lives.

5. METHODS
1.Firearms
2.Hanging
3.Poisoning
4.Cutting
5.Fall

6. Personality Characteristics
1. Impulsivity / Aggressive
2. External Locus of Control
3. Hopelessness
4. Reduced Specific Memory

7. Risk factors contributing to
suicide
• Mental disorders
Mental disorders are often present at the time of
suicide with estimates ranging from 27%[ to more
than 90%. Half of all people who die by suicide may
have major depressive disorder; having this or one of
the other mood disorders such as bipolar disorder
increases the risk of suicide 20-fold. Other conditions
implicated include schizophrenia (14%), personality
disorders (14%), bipolar disorder, and posttraumatic
stress disorder. About 5% of people
with schizophrenia die of suicide. Eating disorders are
another high risk condition.

8. Suicide and Mental Disorders: general population studies

9. Neurobiological Factors
Recent studies in neurobiology have
implicated deficient neurotransmission
of serotonin (a chemical messenger in
the brain) as a factor in suicide. The
results of chemical analyses of the
brains of suicide victims, and other
biochemical studies, support the
serotonin theory. It is likely that
serotonin acts in concert with other
chemical messengers in the brain;
however, the process by which
serotonergic dysregulation may play a
part in suicide is still the subject of

11. GENES AND
SUIcIDALITY

12. Drug and Alcohol Abuse
Many studies have found higher rates of suicide
among alcoholics and drug abusers (Lester, 1992).
Alcohol and substance abuse by adolescents often
immediately precedes suicidal behaviour. Such
abuse is frequently related to the suicidal attempt
and deliberately part of the attempt itself. Higher
rates of suicidal ideation and behaviors' have been
shown among people who are substance abusers
across populations and over time. As for other risk
factors, having this behavior does not necessarily
translate into suicide or suicide attempts. While
most substance abusers do not make attempts on
their lives, substance abuse does increase risk for
people with other vulnerabilities.
Many of the physiological, and social effects of
severe alcohol abuse (marriage break -ups,
disruption of social ties, impairment of work
performance and coping skills, lowering of normal
restraints on behavior, increased impulsiveness,
and depression) would reasonably be expected to
increase the likelihood of suicidal behavior .

15. Ecological Model
Individual
Peer/Family
Society Community

18. Religion & Countries
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
Hindu
1995
Buddhist
1986
Muslim
1985,87
Atheist
1995,96
Christian
1994
total male female
Suicide rates according to religion (per 100,000)

19. Suicide Prevention Strategies
Environmental
• Reduced access to Methods
• Enlightened Media Reporting
• Cluster Prevention
Individuals at Risk
• Identifying and Easy access
• Education of GPs
• Crisis Line
Psychopharmacology
• Lithium
• Clozapin
Psychotherapy
• D.B.T.