Question 1: Prescribe some measures to increase yield and qualityof cotton fiber in
BangladeshCondition
Answer:
Quality of cotton can be defined through seed and fiber properties ,but is most often associated with fiber properties that influence processing
into yarn and textile products. High quality cotton fiber consists of following attribute:
 Ginning percentage
 High tensile strength
 Dimensional stability
 Long durability
 Friction with other mater
 Fiber length , strength
 Fiber maturity
 Good weaving quality
 Launder ability
Some measures to increase yield and quality of cotton fiber is given bellow:
1. Cotton fiber quality can be improved through genetics, crop management and post harvest processing
2. Breeding is one of the effective methods to improve fiber quality
3. Improvement of yarn manufacturing systems to increase fiber strength and stability is an important measure to increase the quality of fiber.
4. Fabrics with improved dimensional stability can also be achieved by decreasing their loop length and by use of elastomeric yarns.
5. Some special interculture operations such as:
 Defoliation ( Application of chemical to encourage or force cotton leaves to drop from the leaves. It is done to harvest crop in a
timely mannered )
 Nipping ( Removal of unwanted buds from the crop to restore energy of the crop)
 Topping ( Removal of apical buds to encourage the growth of axillary buds)
Timely defoliation, Nipping, Topping is the important harvest management practices to increase and balance the quality and yield of cotton fiber.
6. Variety selection : Variety should be selected by proven ability of fiber quality and yield potential. Farmers should take advise from local
seed dealer and review performance retting from various seed varieties from seed company .
7. Seed genetics : Cotton seed genetics should be chosen wisely considering some attributes such as: Disease and insects susceptibility,
herbicide tolerance to manage weeds, maturities . This will enhance the chances of increasing yield and quality of fiber.
8. Seed treatments – For protecting seed investment, establish a good stand and enhance yields with a professionally applied seed treatment
containing a fungicide, insecticide and nematicide.
9. Fertility and soil testing: Test the fertility levels in the soils of individual fields at least every other year. Use recommended soil sampling
techniques from your Extension experts to establish soil pH and residual nutrient levels. Fertilize according to the potential cotton yields
that is wanted to achieve. Fertilizer, especially nitrogen, is a costly input, and guessing at application rates can lead to wide range of
problems such as diseases and insects. Excess nitrogen can also delay maturity and result in poor quality fiber such as low micronaire in
cooler parts of the Cotton Belt.
10. Planting and seeding – Start with a weed-free seedbed using pre-emergence and residual herbicides. Sufficient soil moisture and soil
temperatures of 65°F or higher are ideal environmental conditions for planting. Plant cotton seed 1 to 1.5 inches deep.
11. Early pest management practices: Rotation of herbicides, fungicides and insecticides with different modes of action from different classes
of chemistry to fight resistance.
12. Irrigation: Plants need adequate moisture, beginning at the first square, to meet yield goals, which will vary by individual fields and cotton-
growing regions. Irrigation should be done before plant stress occur and excess irrigation should be avoided which can cause rank growth
and delay maturity.
13. Scouting – Scout throughout the season for weed, disease and insect pests to guide treatment decisions and protect cotton crop yield and
quality
14. Plant growth regulation – Monitoring cotton crop for growth, square size and fruit retention help to enhance cotton yield and fiber quality.
By following above measures we can ensure increased yield and quality of cotton in Bangladesh.
Student ID : 180827

Question 2 : Compare and Contrast between two cultivated species of jute with
appropriatediagrame
Answer
There are two cultivated species of jute
1. Corchorus capsularis( Deshi or Tita pat)
2. Corchorus olitorius ( Tossaor Mitha pat )
Comparison between these two types of cultivated jute is given below:
Characteristics Corchorus capsularis Corchorus olitorius
1.Leaves and Flower size Leaves and flowers are smaller than c.
olitorius
Leaves and flowers are larger than C. Capsularis
2. Plant height Shorter than Corchorus olitorius. Usually
5-12 feet tall.
Longer than C. capsularis. Usually 5- 15 feet tall.
3. Leaves color Leaves are dark green Leaves are light green
4. leaves test Bitter test Tasteless
5. Pods size Pods are round Pods are cylindrical
6. Seeds color Seeds are chocolate brown in color seeds are grey , even black in color
7. Fiber color Fiber is white and hard .Fiber is yellow and grey
8. Tolerance of
waterlogging
Can tolerate waterlogging condition Cannot tolerate water logging condition
9. Cultivable land Both low and high land Mostly high land
10. Crop duration 3-5 months 4-5 moths

11. Diagram
Figure1: Leaves of c. capsularis
Figure1: leaves of c. olitorius
Figure2 :Round pods of white
jute
Figure2 : Cylindrical pods of Tossa
jute
Figure3 : Chocolate brown
color seed Figure3 : Black color
seed
Figure4: Smaller size flower
of white jute
Figure4: Larger size flower of
Tossa pat