Presentation on Environmental Pollution. It contains 41 slides. The contents are: Definition of Pollution Types of Pollution Air Pollution Water Pollution Noise Pollution Nuclear Pollution Soil Pollution Role of an Individual to prevent pollution Conclusion

1. ENVIRONMENTAL
POLLUTION
Guided By:
Deepak Sir

2. CONTENTS
• DEFINITION
• TYPES OF POLLUTION
• AIR POLLUTION
• WATER POLLUTION
• NOISE POLLUTION
• NUCLEAR POLLUTION
• SOIL POLLUTION
• ROLE OF AN INDIVIDUAL IN PRVENTING POLLUTION
• CONCLUSION

3. DEFINITION OF POLLUTION
• Environmental Pollution can be defined as any undesirable change
in physical, chemical, or biological characteristics of any component
of the environment i.e. air, water, soil which can cause harmful
effects on various forms of life or property.
• Pollution: The term pollution can be defined as influence of any
substance causing nuisance, harmful effects, and uneasiness to the
organisms.
• Pollutant:- Any substance causing Nuisance or harmful effects or
uneasiness to the organisms, then that particular substance may be
called as the pollutant.

4. TYPES OF POLLUTION
Pollution
Air
Soil
Noise
Nuclear
Water

5. AIR POLLUTION

6. DEFINITION
• Air pollution is the introduction of chemicals, particulate matter, or
biological materials that cause harm or discomfort to humans or
other living organisms, or cause damage to the natural environment
or built environment, into the atmosphere.
• A substance in the air that can cause harm to humans and the
environment is known as an air pollutant.

7. SOURCES OF AIR POLLUTION
Sources
Natural
Volcanic Eruptions, Forest
Fires, Sea Salt Sprays,
Biological Decay, Pollen
Grains, Marshes,
Photochemical Oxidation
of Terpenes
Anthropogenic
Thermal Power
Plants,
Vehicular Emissions,
Industrial Units

8. CLASSIFICATION OF AIR POLLUTANTS
• Air pollutants may be particulate or gaseous. On the basis of origin
they are divided as
• Primary pollutants ---- Are emitted directly from the point source.
e.g. : CO, NO2, SO2
• Secondary pollutants ---- formed by interaction of primary
pollutants
e.g. : PAN, Smog, Ozone etc.

9. EFFECT ON HUMAN HEALTH
 Main problems are related to Respiratory Track - Asthma, hay fever,
and other allergic diseases.
 Irritation of the eye, nose and throat. In severe cases there may be
headaches, nausea, and loss of coordination.
 Prolonged exposure can cause damage to the nervous system,
digestive problems, and in some cases cause Lung cancer.
 It lowers our resistance to colds and pneumonia.
 CO has affinity towards Hemoglobin which cause disturbance in
transportation of Oxygen, impairing our concentration, slow our
reflexes, and make us confused and sleepy.
 SO2 in the air leads to diseases of the lung and other lung disorders
such as wheezing and shortness of breath.
 Chronic respiratory disease, lung cancer, heart disease, and even
damage to the brain, nerves, liver, or kidneys.

10. EFFECT ON PLANTS
 Pollutants enter through stomata
 Destroy chlorophyll and Affect photosynthesis
 Cuticle( Wax Layer on Leaves) is lost
 Necrosis – Damage to Leaf Structure
 Chlorosis - Loss/ reduction of Chlorophyll
 Abscission - Dropping of leaf
 Epinasty - Downward curling of Leaf
 DEATH

11. EFFECT ON ANIMALS AND MATERIALS
• Corrosion of metal surfaces, fading
• SO2 & water form H2S – corrosion as well as
disfigurement of statues made up of limestone or Marble
• Air pollutants mix with rain water and increase acidity
(Acid Rain) of water body and kill fish.
• Ozone causes crackling of rubber

12. EFFECT ON ENVIRONMENT
• Visibility
• Pollutants in the presence of sunlight produce photochemical Smog
• Emission of Green House Gases tend to Global Warming
• CFC’s cause Ozone Depletion

13. CONTROL OF AIR POLLUTION
• Proper air pollution control devices in industries
• Using low sulphur coal
• Regular engine tune up, replacement of old more polluting vehicles
• Using mass transport system, bicycles etc.
• Shifting to less polluting fuels
• Planting more trees
• No to FIRE CRACKERS in Diwali and other occasions

14. WATER POLLUTION

15. DEFINITION
• Water Pollution can be defined as alteration in physical, chemical, or biological
characteristics of water through natural or human activities and making it
unsuitable for its designated usage.
• Fresh Water present on the earth surface is put to many uses. It is used for
drinking, domestic and municipal uses, agricultural, irrigation, industries,
navigation, recreation. The used water becomes contaminated and is called waste
water.

16. POLLUTION SOURCES
• Most of Water Pollution is man made. It may also occur naturally by
addition of soil particles through erosion, animal wastes and leaching
of minerals from rocks
The sources of water pollution can be classified as
• Municipal Waste Water
• Industrial Waste
• Inorganic & Organic Pollutants
• Agricultural Wastes

17. DOMESTIC SEWAGE
• Refers to waste water that is discarded from
households. Also referred to as sanitary sewage, such
water contains a wide variety of dissolved and
suspended impurities.
• It is large by volume and contains impurities such as
organic materials and plant nutrients that tend to
rot.
• The main organic materials are food and vegetable
waste, plant nutrient come from chemical soaps,
washing powders, etc.
• Domestic sewage is also very likely to contain
disease-causing microbes.

18. INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENTS
• Waste water from manufacturing or chemical
processes in industries
• Industrial waste water usually contains specific
and readily identifiable chemical compounds.
• Mainly in the form of toxic wastes and organic
pollutants.
• Chromium, mercury, lead, copper, cadmium etc.

19. SYNTHETIC DETERGENTS AND OILS
• Added because of washing clothes,
cleaning utensils.
• In industries for washing
• Add surfactants and soaps to water
• Toxic to fish, aquatic life.
• Oceans are polluted by oil on a daily basis
from oil spills, routine shipping, run-offs
and dumping.
• Oil spills make up about 12% of the oil
that enters the ocean. The rest come from
shipping travel, drains and dumping.

20. AGRICULTURAL RUN OFF
• Chemical fertilizers and pesticides have become
essential for present day high yielding crops.
• Consequently, they have become a potential
source for water pollution. These fertilizers
contains major plants nutrients, mainly nitrogen,
phosphorous and potassium.
• Causes Eutrophication and algal bloom.

21. EFFECTS
 Depletion of dissolved oxygen
 Eutrophication
 Pathogen….spreading diseases
 Bio-magnification
 Genetic deformities
 Blue baby Syndrome
 Minamata Disease
 Itai-Itai Disease

22. CONTROL OF WATER POLLUTION
• Treatment of water before leaving in water bodies.
• Restoration of polluted water bodies.
• Ganga Action Plan.
• River Water Monitoring.
• Effluents should not be discharged
• Treatment before discharge
• Strict law enforcement- regarding drilling in Eco-sensitive
zones, dumping of toxic & Hazardous wastes
• Minimum developmental activities on shore
• CRZs: Coastal regulation Zones

23. NOISE POLLUTION
 Noise pollution is excessive, displeasing human, animal,
or machine-created environmental noise that disrupts
the activity or balance of human or animal life.
 Sound becomes undesirable when it disturbs the normal
activities such as working, sleeping, and during
conversations.
 World Health Organization stated that “Noise must be
recognized as a major threat to human well- being”.

24. SOURCES OF NOISE POLLUTION
• Transportation systems are the main source of noise pollution in
urban areas.
• Construction of buildings, highways, and streets cause a lot of
noise, due to the usage of air compressors, bulldozers, loaders,
dump trucks, and pavement breakers.
• Industrial noise also adds to the already unfavorable state of noise
pollution.
• Loud speakers, plumbing, boilers, generators, air conditioners,
fans, and vacuum cleaners add to the existing noise pollution.

25. EFFECTS OF NOISE POLLUTION
• According to the USEPA, there are direct links between noise and health. Also, noise
pollution adversely affects the lives of millions of people.
• Noise pollution can damage physiological and psychological health.
• High blood pressure, stress related illness, sleep disruption, hearing loss, and
productivity loss are the problems related to noise pollution.
• It can also cause memory loss, severe depression, and panic attacks.

26. CONTROL
• Planting bushes and trees in and around sound generating sources is an
effective solution for noise pollution.
• Regular servicing and tuning of automobiles can effectively reduce the
noise pollution
• Social awareness programs should be taken up to educate the public
about the causes and effects of noise pollution.
• Workers should be provided with equipment such as ear plugs and
earmuffs for hearing protection.

27. NUCLEAR POLLUTION
 Despite the Advantage of nuclear as a clean energy, the
big concern is the resulted from nuclear reaction, which is
a form of pollution called Radio activity.
 Radiation (Laser-Rays) will form Nuclear Pollution.

28. SOURCES OF NUCLEAR POLLUTION
• Nuclear power plants like Neyveli, Kalpakkam
• Nuclear Weapon e.g. : Missiles
• Disposal of Nuclear Waste
• Uranium Mining

29. EFFECTS OF NUCLEAR POLLUTION
• Genetic damage : DNA alterations, gene damage,
chromosome damage
• The Diseases include blood in cough.
• Ulcer
• Swelling of bone joints.
• Cancer
• Lung Cancer.
• Skin Cancer.
• Bone Cancer.
• Eye Problems

30. PREVENTION FOR NUCLEAR POLLUTION
• Avoid Constructing Nuclear Power Plants
• Avoid Using Nuclear Weapon
• Have Proper Treatment for Nuclear Waste
• Avoid mining for Uranium to a minimal

31. SOIL POLLUTION

32. DEFINITION OF SOIL POLLUTION
• Soil Pollution or Land pollution is the demolition of Earth's land surfaces often
caused by human activities and their misuse of land resources. It occurs when waste
is not disposed properly.
• Urbanization and industrialization are major causes of land pollution.

33. SOURCES OF SOIL POLLUTION
Four Main causes of land pollution:
• Construction
• Agriculture
• Domestic waste
• Industrial Waste

34. CONSTRUCTION
• Buildings take up resources and land, the trees are chopped down and used to make
buildings.
• Takes away the places for animals and other organisms to live.

35. AGRICULTURE
• As there are more and more people inhabiting the earth, food is in higher demand
and so forests are chopped down and turned into farmland
• In addition, herbicides, pesticides, artificial fertilizers, animal manure are washed
into the soil and pollute it.

36. DOMESTIC WASTE
• Tons of domestic waste is dumped every day. Some waste from homes, offices and
industries can be recycled or burnt in incinerators .
• There is still a lot of garbage, such as refrigerators and washing machines that are
dumped in landfills simply because they cannot be reused in anyway, nor recycled .

37. INDUSTRIAL WASTE
• Plastics factories, chemical plants, oil refineries, nuclear waste disposal activity,
large animal farms, coal-fired power plants, metals production factories and other
heavy industry all contribute to land pollution.

38. EFFECTS OF SOIL POLLUTION
 Reduce soil productivity
 Affects soil flora and fauna
 Sludge contains worms, bacteria and pathogens.
 Radioactive wastes enter food chain

39. PREVENTION FOR SOIL POLLUTION
• More and more land should be brought under farming
• Trees should be planted everywhere.
• Waste matter should be disposed immediately
• Avoid drilling the Land for more underground water.
• Avoid using more fertilizers and Pesticides.

40. ROLE OF AN INDIVIDUAL IN POLLUTION
PREVENTION
 Think globally, act locally
 Use eco-friendly products
 Use rechargeable batteries
 Say no to excess pesticides, chemicals, paints, solvents
 Use less or only required quantity of resource
 PLANT MORE TREES (local species)
 Best from Waste
 3 R’S- Reduce, Reuse, Recycle

41. CONCLUSION
• Environmental pollution is causing a lot of distress not only humans but also
animals, driving many animal species to endangerment and even extinction.
• Everything on our planet is interconnected, and while the nature supplies us with
valuable environmental service without which we cant exist, we all depend on each
others actions and the way we treat natural resources.
• It is the responsibility of everyone to protect our environment. Let us fulfil our
responsibilities in creating a quality ecological environment and sharing wonderful
green living together.

42. THANK YOU
Submitted By:
Niranjan Behera
Roll No. – L3015