- Charles-Édouard Jeanneret, known as Le Corbusier, was a pioneering Swiss-French architect who had a career spanning five decades. - He is known for developing the Five Points of Architecture, which emphasized pilotis, flat roofs, free plans, ribbon windows, and free facades. - A seminal project was the design of Chandigarh, the capital of India's Punjab region, where he incorporated his principles of modern architecture and urban planning. - Throughout his career, Le Corbusier designed notable buildings that experimented with new construction techniques, including exposed concrete and open floor plans.

1. Born Charles-Édouard Jeanneret-
Gris
October 6, 1887
Switzerland
Died August 27, 1965 (aged 77)
, France
Nationality Swiss, French
Occupation Architect
Awards AIA Gold
Medal (1961), Grand
Officiers of the Légion
d'honneur(1964)
Buildings Villa Savoye, Poissy
Villa La Roche, Paris
Unité d'habitation, Marseille
Notre Dame du Haut,
Ronchamp
Buildings in Chandigarh,
India
Projects Ville Radieuse
LE CORBUSIER

2. THE FIVE POINTS OF A MODERN ARCHITECTURE
: Le Corbusier's Five Points of Architecture
The five points are:
The Pilotis, or pylon. The building is raised up on reinforced concrete pylons, which
allows for free circulation on the ground level, and eliminates dark and damp parts of the
house.
The Roof Terrace. The sloping roof is replaced by a flat roof; the roof can be used as a
garden, for promenades. sports or a swimming pool.
The Free Plan. Load-bearing walls are replaced by a steel or reinforced concrete columns,
so the interior can be freely designed, and interior walls can put anywhere, or left out
entirely. . The structure of the building is not visible from the outside.
The Ribbon Window. Since the walls do not support the house, the windows can run the
entire length of the house, so all rooms can get equal light.
The Free Facade. Since the building is supported by columns in the interior, the façade
can be much lighter and more open, or made entirely of glass. There is no need for lintels or
other structure around the windows.

3. Charles-Édouard Jeanneret, known as Le Corbusier ) was a Swiss-
Frencharchitect, designer, painter, urban planner, writer, and one of the
pioneers of what is now called modern architecture.
He was born in Switzerland and became a French citizen in 1930.
 His career spanned five decades; he designed buildings in Europe, Japan, India,
and North and South America.
Dedicated to providing better living conditions for the residents of crowded
cities, Le Corbusier was influential in urban planning, and was a founding
member of the Congrès International d'Architecture Moderne (CIAM).
 Le Corbusier prepared the master plan for the city of Chandigarh in India, and
contributed specific designs for several buildings there.
On July 17, 2016, seventeen projects by Le Corbusier in seven countries were
inscribed in the list of UNESCO World Heritage sites as "an Outstanding
Contribution to the Modern Movement".[2]

4. Like his contemporaries Frank Lloyd Wright and Mies van der Rohe, Le
Corbusier did not have formal academic training as an architect.
 He was attracted to the visual arts and at the age of fifteen he entered the
municipal art school in La-Chaux-de-Fonds which taught the applied arts
connected with watchmaking.
 His architecture teacher in the Art School was the architect René Chapallaz,
who had a large influence on Le Corbusier's earliest house designs. However, he
reported later that it was the art teacher L'Eplattenier who made him choose
architecture.
 "I had a horror of architecture and architects," he wrote. "...I was sixteen,
I accepted the verdict and I obeyed. I moved into architecture.

5. Travel and first houses (1905–1914)
Le
Corbusier's
student
project, The
Villa Fallet,
Switzerland
(1905)
The "Maison Blanche",
built for Le Corbusier's
parents (1912)
Open Interior of the
"Maison Blanche" (1912)

6. Le Corbusier began teaching himself by going to the library to read about
architecture and philosophy, by visiting museums, by sketching buildings, and
by constructing them.
In 1905, he and two other students, under the supervision of their teacher,
René Chapallaz, designed and built his first house, the Villa Fallet, for the
engraver Louis Fallet, a friend of his teacher Charles L'Eplattenier. Located on
the forested hillside near Chaux-de-fonds.
 It was a large chalet with a steep roof in the local alpine style and carefully-
crafted colored geometric patterns on the façade.
The success of this house led to his construction of two similar houses, the
Villas Jacquemet and Stotzer, in the same area.
1 . VILLA FALLET

7. In September 1907, he made his first trip outside of Switzerland, met Gustav
Klimt and tried, without success, to meet Josef Hoffman
 He traveled to Paris, and during fourteen months between 1908 until 1910 he
worked as a draftsman in the office of the architect Auguste Perret, the pioneer
of the use of reinforced concrete in residential construction and the architect of
the Art Deco landmark Théâtre des Champs-Élysées.
Two years later, between October 1910 and March 1911, he traveled to Germany
and worked four months in the office Peter Behrens, where Ludwig Mies van der
Rohe and Walter Gropius were also working and learning.
In 1911, he traveled again for five months; this time he journeyed to
the Balkans and visited Serbia, Bulgaria, Turkey, Greece, as well
as Pompeii and Rome. filling nearly 80 sketchbooks with renderings of what he
saw—including many sketches of the Parthenon, whose forms he would later
praise in his work Vers une architecture (1923).
 He spoke of what he saw during this trip in many of his books, and it was the
subject of his last book, Le Voyage d'Orient.

8. The Anatole Schwob House in La-
Chaux-de-Fonds (1916–1918)
2. MAISON BLANCHE

9. In 1912, he began his most ambitious project; a new house for his parents. also
located on the forested hillside near La-Chaux-de-Fonds.
 The Jeanneret-Perret house was larger than the others, and in a more innovative
style; the horizontal planes contrasted dramatically with the steep alpine slopes,
and the white walls and lack of decoration were in sharp contrast with the other
buildings on the hillside.
Interior plan was spacious and designed around a courtyard for maximum light,
significant departure from the traditional house.
During World War I, Le Corbusier taught at his old school in La-Chaux-de-
Fonds
In December 1914, along with the engineer Max Dubois, he began use of
reinforced concrete as a building material.
 He had first discovered concrete working with Auguste Perret in Paris, but now
wanted to use it in new ways.

10. The Dom-ino House and the Schwob House (1914–1918)
Charles-Édouard
Jeanneret, 1914–
15, Maison Dom-Ino
(Dom-ino House)
"Reinforced concrete provided me with
incredible resources," he wrote later, "and
variety, and a passionate plasticity in which by
themselves my structures will be rhythm of a
palace, and a Pompieen tranquility.“
 This led him to his plan for the Dom-Ino
House (1914–15). This model proposed an open
floor plan consisting of concrete slabs
supported by a minimal number of
thin reinforced concrete columns, with a
stairway providing access to each level on one
side of the floor plan. with this design, the
framework of the house
This would permit, he wrote, "the
construction of the dividing walls at any
point on the façade or the interior."

11. Paris: Painting, Cubism, Purism and L'Esprit
Nouveau (1918–1922)
He did not built structures.
Le Corbusier moved to Paris definitively in 1917 and began his own
architectural practice with his cousin, Pierre Jeanneret (1896–1967), a
partnership that would last until the 1950s, with an interruption in the World
War II years.
In 1918, Le Corbusier met the Cubist painter Amédée Ozenfant, in whom he
recognised a kindred spirit. Ozenfant encouraged him to paint, and the two
began a period of collaboration. Rejecting Cubism as irrational and
"romantic", the pair jointly published their manifesto, Après le cubisme and
established a new artistic movement, Purism.

12. 3 . Maison Citrohan

13. The Maison "Citrohan", a pun on the name of the French Citroën automaker, for
the modern industrial methods and materials Le Corbusier advocated using for
the house.

Here, Le Corbusier proposed a three-floor structure, with a double-height living
room, bedrooms on the second floor, and a kitchen on the third floor. The roof
would be occupied by a sun terrace.
On the exterior Le Corbusier installed a stairway to provide second-floor access
from ground level.
Here, as in other projects from this period, he also designed the façades to
include large uninterrupted banks of windows.
The house used a rectangular plan, with exterior walls that were not filled by
windows but left as white, stuccoed spaces. Le Corbusier and Jeanneret left the
interior aesthetically spare, with any movable furniture made of tubular metal
frames.
 Light fixtures usually comprised single, bare bulbs. Interior walls also were left
white.

14. 4 . The Esprit Nouveau Pavilion (1925)
 International Exhibition of Modern
Decorative and Industrial Arts, the event
which later gave Art Deco its name.
A house, he wrote, "is a cell within the
body of a city. The cell is made up of the
vital elements which are the mechanics
of a house...Decorative art is
antistandarizational. Our pavilion will
contain only standard things created by
industry in factories and mass produced,
objects truly of the style of today...my
pavilion will therefore be a cell extracted
from a huge apartment building
The model of the Plan Vision for the
reconstruction of Paris displayed at the
Pavilion of the Esprit Nouveau

15. Architect : Le Corbusier
Built in 1954
RELIGIOUS ARCHITECTURE (1950–1963)

16. Master plan
Site section

17. The Convent of Sainte Marie de
La Tourette (1953–1960)
Church of Saint-
Pierre, Firminy (1960–2006)

18. CHANDIGARH (1951–1956)
The High Court of Justice,
Chandigarh (1951–1956)
Secretariat Building, Chandigarh
(1952–1958)

19. Palace of Assembly
(Chandigarh) (1952–1961)
Le Corbusier's design called for the use of raw concrete, whose
surface not smoothed or polished and which showed the marks
of the forms in which it dried.

20. Le Corbusier’s largest and most ambitious project was the design of Chandigarh,
the capital city of the Haryana & Punjab State of India, created after India received
independence in 1947. Le Corbusier was contacted in 1950 by Prime
Minister Nehru of India, and invited to propose a project.
An American architect, Albert Mayer, had made a plan in 1947 for a city of
150,000 inhabitants, but the Indian government wanted a grander and more
monumental city. (The city today has a population of more than a million.)
Corbusier worked on the plan with two British specialists in urban design and
tropical climate architecture, Maxwell Fry and Jane Drew, and with his cousin,
Pierre Jeanneret, who moved to India and supervised the construction until his
death.
Le Corbusier, as always, was curious about his project; “It will be a city of
trees,” he wrote, “of flowers and water, of houses as simple as those at the
time of Homer, and of a few splendid edifices of the highest level of
modernism, where the rules of mathematics will reign.”.

21.  His plan called for residential, commercial and
industrial areas, along with parks and a transportation
infrastructure.
In the middle was the capitol, a complex of four
major government buildings; the Palace of the National
Assembly, the High Court of Justice; the Palace of
Secretariat of Ministers, and the Palace of the
Governor. For financial and political reasons, the
Palace of the Governor was dropped well into the
construction of the city, throwing the final project
somewhat off-balance.[
 His design made use of many of his favorite ideas; an
architectural promenade, incorporating the local
landscape and the sunlight and shadows into the
design; the use of the Modulor to give a correct human
scale to each element; and his favorite symbol, the
open hand; (“the hand is open to give and to receive'.”)
He placed a monumental open hand statue in a
prominent place in the design
OPEN HAND
MONUMENTIN
CHANDIGARH,
INDIA

22. List of Le Corbusier buildings
1923: Villa La Roche, Paris, France
1925: Villa Jeanneret, Paris, France
1928: Villa Savoye, Poissy-sur-Seine, France
1929: Cité du Refuge, Armée du Salut, Paris, France
1931: Palace of the Soviets, Moscow, USSR (project)
1931: Immeuble Clarté, Geneva, Switzerland
1933: Tsentrosoyuz, Moscow, USSR
1947–1952: Unité d'Habitation, Marseille, France
1949–1952: United Nations headquarters, New York City, U.S. (Consultant)
1949–1953: Curutchet House, La Plata, Argentina (project manager: Amancio
Williams)
1950–1954: Chapelle Notre Dame du Haut, Ronchamp, France
1951: Maisons Jaoul, Neuilly-sur-Seine, France
1951: Buildings in Ahmedabad, India
1951: Sanskar Kendra Museum, Ahmedabad
1951: ATMA House
1951: Villa Sarabhai, Ahmedabad
1951: Villa Shodhan, Ahmedabad
1951: Villa of Chinubhai Chimanlal, Ahmedabad

23. 1952: Unité d'Habitation of Nantes-Rezé, Nantes, France
1952–1959: Buildings in Chandigarh, India
1952: Palace of Justice
1952: Museum and Gallery of Art
1953: Secretariat Building
1953: Governor's Palace
1955: Palace of Assembly
1959: Government College of Art (GCA) and the Chandigarh College of
Architecture (CCA)
1957: Maison du Brésil, Cité Universitaire, Paris, France
1957–1960: Sainte Marie de La Tourette, near Lyon, France (with Iannis Xenakis)
1957: Unité d'Habitation of Berlin-Charlottenburg, Flatowallee 16, Berlin, Germany
1962: Carpenter Center for the Visual Arts at Harvard University, Cambridge,
Massachusetts, U.S.
1964–1969: Firminy-Vert, France
1964: Unité d'Habitation of Firminy
1965: Maison de la culture de Firminy-Vert
1967: Heidi Weber Museum (Centre Le Corbusier), Zürich, Switzerland

24. COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS
SIMILARITIES
1. Five points of modern
architecture.
2. Simple planning but
unique.
3. Straight lines.
DIFFERENCES
1.Exposed concrete work.
2.Grid town planning.
3.Concrete grills.

25. Le Corbusier and his collaborators were given a plot of land located behind the Grand
Palais in the center of the Exposition. The plot was forested, and exhibitors could not
cut down trees, so Le Corbusier built his pavilion with a tree in the center, emerging
through a hole in the roof. The building was a stark white box with an interior terrace
and square glass windows.The interior was decorated with a few cubist paintings and
with a few pieces of mass-produced commercially available furniture, entirely different
from the expensive, one-of-a-kind pieces in the other pavilions. The chief organizers of
the Exposition were furious, and built a fence to partially hide the pavilion. Le
Corbusier had to appeal to the Ministry of Fine Arts, which ordered that fence be taken
down.[25]