Tracheophyta
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A short presentation in Botany about Tracheophyta, its morphology, life cycle, reproduction, habitat, importance, subspecies, and characteristics.
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Tracheophyta
- 2. OBJECTIVES At the end of this discussion, you should be able to: 1. Define Tracheophyta. 2. Describe its characteristics. 3. Differentiate Tracheophytes from Bryophytes. 4. Know the different classes and its subdivisions. 5. Familiarize the structure, life cycle, and economic importance of its first sub- phylum.
- 3. Tracheophy ta• 260,000 known species • Earliest fossils are from Silurian rocks • Their ancestors were established over 400 million years ago. • The vascular system developed during the early stages of the plant evolution.
- 4. Characteristics: • Has xylem and phloem • Vascular Plants • Fully terrestrial than Bryophytes • Habitat is predominantly terrestrial or epiphytic
- 6. What’s the difference? BRYOPHYT ES • No vascular system. Each cell has to meet its nutritional need on its own • Grows horizontally. • Mosses, liverworts and hornworts are examples of bryophytes. TRACHEOP HYTES • Has well developed vascular system. • Has vertical growth. • All grasses, ferns, shrubs, cacti, bushes and trees are examples of tracheophytes.
- 8. Ferns • Non-flowering vascular plants • Has roots, stems, and complex leaves • Reproduce by spores
- 9. Gymnosperms • Vascular Plants • Reproduce by exposed seed or ovule • Most seeds are borne in cones
- 10. Angiosperm • Flowering plants • Represent 80% of all known green plants • Vascular seed plants
- 12. PSILOTOPH YTA LYCOPHYT A EQUISETO PHYTA POLYPODIOP HYTA Whisk Ferns Club Mosses & Quillworts Club Mosses & Quillworts Horsetails & Scouring Rushes Ferns
- 13. Psilotoph yta • Commonly known as Psilopsida • Whisk fern or Psilotum • Resembles small, green, whisk brooms • Sometimes classified as true ferns • Among the simplest of all living seedless vascular plants
- 14. Structure and Form • Consists of dichotomously forking aerial systems • Unique among living vascular plants • Usually grow from 30 centimeters to 1 meter or more • Enations are spirally arranged along the stems
- 15. Plant Morphology • Sporangium – a receptacle in which asexual spores are formed. • Spores - a haploid reproductive cell that gives rise to a gametophyte. • Enations - an outgrowth from the surface of a leaf or other part of a plant. • Rhizoids - a filamentous outgrowth or root hair on the underside of the thallus in some lower plants, especially mosses and liverworts, serving both to anchor the plant and to conduct water.
- 17. Reproduction 1. Psilotum plant body is a sporophyte 2. Synangium is the spore bearing structure 3. In synangium, diploid spore mother cells undergo meiosis forming haploid spores 4. Spores germinate forming gametophyte or prothallus 5. Antheridium produce sperms. Sperms are milti- flagellate. Archegonium produce egg. 6. Fertilization is oogamous 7. Zygote divides to form Embryonic sporophyte later form mature plant body.
- 18. Habitat They are often found in the tropics, but can grow in temperate forests and are even known from some arid habitats.
- 20. Ornamen tal Value Many ferns are grown as ornamental plants in gardens for their large and graceful foliage
- 21. Food The sporocarps of Marsilea are rich source of starch and used by tribals for their nutritive value.
- 22. Medicine An anthelmintic drug is obtained from the rhizomes and petioles of the fern Dryopteris. Lycopodium clavatum is used in skin diseases. Equisetum arvense has diuretic properties.
Hinweis der Redaktion
- Photo: Ostrich Fern (Matteucia struthiopteris)
- Photo: Northern Bushcraft
- Xylem & Phloem means these plants has internal conducting tissues Tracheophytes are characterized by the presence of vascular tissue, composed of specialized conductive cells that create "tubes" through which materials can flow throughout the plant body. These vessels are continuous throughout the parts of the plant, allowing for the efficient and controlled distribution of water and nutrients. Terrestrial: lives on land and not in water. Epiphytic: epiphyte is an organism that grows on the surface of a plant and derives its moisture and nutrients from the air, rain, water (in marine environments) or from debris accumulating around it.
- There are true leaves, roots for absorption and anchorage Xylem: For conduction of water and dissolved mineral -Forms the woody element of the plant -The xylem carries water and dissolved minerals upward from the roots through the stem and leaves of the plant. Phloem: Conduction of food such as sugar -the vascular tissue in plants that conducts sugars and other metabolic products downward from the leaves. -Phloem is responsible for distributing the products of photosynthesis, such as amino acids and carbohydrates, from the leaves to the rest of the plant.
- Photo: Scots Pine
- Photo: Filmy fern (Trichomanes) Ferns are the least evolved of the tracheophytes; they have vascular systems, and specialized leaf and root structures, but are still dependent on moist environments for reproduction.
- Photo: Colorado Blue Spruce Gymnosperms are commonly known as conifers, and includes spruces, firs, hemlocks, and othercommon evergreens. Like all tracheophytes, gymnosperms contain vascular tissues. They have developed seeds and nonflagellated sperm; male gametes (carried inside pollen grains) are moved by the wind instead of through water
- Photo: Epidendrum radicans Angiosperms are typically divided into two classes: monocots (including grasses, grains, and spring-flowering bulbs such as daffodils) and dicots (including oaks, elms, sunflowers, and roses).
- Photo1: Skeleton Fork Fern Photo4: Spike moss Photo2: Sedum morganianum Photo3 Maiden hair fern
- Photo: Psilotum nodum Psilotum: was first coined by Olof Swartz ( ) in 1801. It came from the Greek word “psilos” which means bald
- Dichotomously: Enations: tiny, green, superficially leaf-like, veinless, photosynthetic flaps of tissue Photo: Psilotum complanatum
- Photosynthesis takes place in the outer layer of the cells (epidermis & cortex) A central cylinder of xylem is surrounded by phloem Rhizoids act as root hairs with the help of mycorrhizal fungi Some mycorrhizal fungi are established just beneath the epidermis
- 1. Psilotum plant body is a sporophyte 2. Synangium is the spore bearing structure 3. In synangium, diploid spore mother cells undergo meiosis forming haploid spores 4. Spores germinate forming gametophyte or prothallus (Monoecious: both antheridia and archegonia are present) 5. Antheridium produce sperms. Sperms are miltiflagellate. Archegonium produce egg. 6. Fertilization is oogamous 7. Zygote divides to form Embryonic sporophyte later form mature plant body ( Diploid Psilotum Sporophyte)
- Arid: (of land or a climate) having little or no rain; too dry or barren to support vegetation. Tropic: resembling the tropics, especially in being very hot and humid.
- Marsilea is a genus of approximately 65 species of aquatic ferns of the family Marsileaceae. The name honours Italian naturalist Luigi Ferdinando Marsili. These small plants are of unusual appearance and do not resemble common ferns. Wikipedia Class: Polypodiopsida/Pteridopsida; (disputed) Scientific name: Marsilea Division: Pteridophyta Higher classification: Marsileaceae Order: Water ferns