3. RFID
RFID = Radio Frequency Identification
Electronic labeling and wireless identification of objects using radio frequency
Tag carries with its information
• a serial number
• Model number
• Color or any other imaginable data
When these tags pass through a field generated by a compatible reader, they
transmit this information back to the reader, thereby identifying the object
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4. RFID COMPONENTS
A basic RFID system consists of these components:
• A programmable RFID tag/inlay for storing item data; consisting of
• an RFID chip for data storage
• an antenna to facilitate communication with the RFID chip
• A reader/antenna system to interrogate the RFID inlay
• Application software and a host computer system
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5. RFID TAG
The RFID tag consists of an integrated circuit (IC) embedded in a
thin film medium.
Information stored in the memory of the RFID chip is transmitted by
the antenna circuit embedded in the RFID inlay via radio frequencies, to
an RFID reader
3 types
• Passive
• Semi-passive
• Active
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7. APPLICATIONS
Frequency of RFID tags in different applications
Frequency Appx. Read Data Speed Cost of Application
Range Tags
Low Frequency <5cm Low High • Animal Identification
(125kHz)
(passive) • Access Control
High Frequency 10 cm – 1m Low to Moderate Medium • Smart Cards
(13.56 Mhz) to Low
(passive) • Payment (paywave)
Ultra High 3m -7m Moderate to High Low • Logistics and Supply Chain
Frequency (433,
868-928 Mhz) (passive) • Baggage Tracking
Microwave (2.45 & 10m -15m High High • Electronic toll collection
5.8 Ghz) (Autotoll)
(passive)
• Container Tracking
20m – 40m
(active)
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8. CURRENT APPLICATIONS
Application Segment Representative Competitive Current Typical Tag Type
Applications Technologies Penetration
Access Control Doorway entry Other keyless entry High Passive
technologies
Asset Tracking Locating tractors None Low Active
within a freight
yard
Asset Tagging Tracking corporate Bar Code Low Passive
computing systems
Authentication Luxury goods Holograms Low Passive
counterfeit
prevention
Baggage Tracking Positive bag Bar Code, Optical Low Passive
matching Character Recognition
POS Applications SpeedPass Credit Cards, Smart Medium Passive
Cards, Wireless
Phones
SCM (Container Level) Tracking containers GPS-based Systems Low Active
in shipping
terminals
SCM (Pallet Level) Tracking palletized Bar Code Minimal Active, Passive
shipments
SCM (Item Level) Identifying Bar Code Minimal Passive
individual items
Vehicle Identification Electronic toll Bar Code, License Medium Active, Passive
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9. SURVEY RESULT
Benefits of using RFID in different industries
Manufacturing Retailing Transportation Warehousing
4
4
4
4
3
3
2 2
2
1
1
1
1
1
0 0
0
0
Enhanced customer
satisfaction Improved efficiency
0 0
Increased inventory
turnover rate Reduced manpower
Reduced total cost
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