2. Biomes – environments where plants and
other living things thrive
– grassland, tropical rainforest,
tundra, water, and desert
– classifications are determined
by conditions that depend on
the amount of light,
temperature, water, and soil in
that particular biome.
3. Adaptations in Grasslands
Grasslands have soil that is rich in organic
material because the grasses die yearly, which
makes the soil continually fertile. These areas
can be used as agricultural land.
4. Characteristics of
Plants in Grasslands:
• Grasses have longer roots that penetrate deep into
the ground and thus absorb plenty of moisture.
• Plants are not simply uprooted because of the
extensive root system.
• Plants have narrow leaves that lose less water
compared with broad leaves.
• Grasses grow from near the base and not from the
tip.
• Grasses are exposed to wind and easily grow by wind
pollination.
• Grasses have soft stems that readily bend as the
wind blows.
6. Adaptations in Tropical Rainforest
A tropical rainforest is characterized by
warm temperatures and plenty of rain. Most of
the trees have leaves that can survive long
hours of intense sunlight every day of the year.
7. Adaptations of
Rainforest plants:
• Some plants develop
stilt-like roots to keep
them upright in shallow
soil.
• Some plants get sunlight
by climbing on big trees.
8. • Plants such as ferns
grow on trees to
catch sunlight.
• Flowers are designed
to attract animals that
can spread the seeds.
• Some plants have smooth
barks or waxy flowers to
make water run-off easily
and quickly.
9. • Some plants have shallow
roots near the surface of
the ground to help absorb
the nutrients from the top
level of the soil.
• Aerial plants such as orchids
have roots that cling to bigger
plants to absorb the minerals
and water that they need for
their growth.
10. • Some plants live on
other plants.
• Instead of collecting water through plants,
bromeliads and other plants have a central
reservoir that helps them collect water and
then absorb it through the hair on their
leaves.
11.
12. Adaptations in Tundras
Tundra is a very cold and treeless plain.
The plants that grow in tundra are grass, herbs,
shrubs, and lichens.
13. Adaptations of
plants in Tundra:
• Plants grow in groups and stay low to
ground to avoid icy winds.
• Plants tend to have shallow roots and
flower quickly during the short summer
months.
• Most plants are present all year round.
• Plants have hairy stems and dark leaves
that help them absorb energy from the
sun.
14.
15. Adaptations in Bodies of Water
• The underwater leaves
and stems are flexible.
• Stems have air spaces
that “breathe in” the
carbon dioxide in the air.
• Leaves absorb the nutrients,
water, and dissolved gases.
16. • Roots and root hairs
help keep plants afloat
in water.
• Chlorophyll is found on
the upper surface of
the leaf.
• Some plants have seeds
that help them float.
17.
18. Adaptations in Deserts
A desert is a dry and hot place that has
rolling hills of sand and very few thorny plants.
19. Adaptations of
Desert plants:
• Plants store water in
their stems or leaves.
• Some plants have small
seasonal leaves.
• Some plants have long
root systems.
20. • Some plants have short life spans.
• Some plants have hairy
leaves to help shade them
from the sun and reduce
loss of water.
