1. GROUP THERAPY
PRESENTED BY:-
NEHA SHARMA

3. INTRODUCTION
• Groups provide nurses with wonderful opportunities to facilitate
therapeutic growth in patients. They offer members a variety of
relationships as they interact with each other and with the group
leader. Since group members come from many backgrounds..They
have the opportunity to learn to deal with the like, dislikes,
similarities, and dissimilarities of others outside their usual social
circle.

4. DEFINITION:-
• Group psychotherapy is a treatment in which carefully
selected people who are emotionally ill meet in a group
guided by a trained therapist, and help one another effect
personality change.

5. Conti…..
• Group psychotherapy is a treatment of psychological problems in
which two or more patients interact with each other on both an
emotional and cognitive levels in the presence of one or more
psychotherapists who serve as catalysts ( the person who can be
related to or who can understand the other’s point of view),
facilitators or interpreters.

6. There are two major kinds of group psychotherapy:-
• THERAPEUTIC GROUP.
• ADJUNCTIVE GROUP.

7. THERAPEUTIC GROUP:-
• It is a group of patient who meet under the leadership of a therapist to
work together to improve mental and emotional health. eg. :-groups of
expectant mothers, people who have just lost their husband or wife. Group
of people with a chronic illness. Therapeutic groups are self –help groups
like Ashiana, Saheli in Delhi, who conduct these groups for drug addicts.

8. ADJUNCTIVE GROUP:-
• Adjunctive groups deal with selected needs of a group.eg.-for sensory
stimulation allow them to have music therapy.

9. TYPES:-

10. TYPES OF PSYCHOTHERAPY GROUPS:-
• Traditional groups
• Encounter group or T-group
• Homogenous or heterogeneous groups.
• Open or close groups.
• Groups for psychosis or neurosis.
• Task groups.
• Teaching groups.
• Supportive groups/Therapeutic groups.

11. TRADITIONAL GROUPS:-
• Traditional groups include mainly the patients with mental illness and are
from the hospital inpatient department. In the didactic group therapy, lecture
is given to the patient along with some film show, like in the case of
excessive drinking or use of drugs.
• Psychodrama is a technique of psychotherapy in which a patient act out his
feeling in front of a group of a patient. The therapist guides and directs the
patients and interprets the action of the patient. This type of acting out
provides an insight into the patient about his faulty patterns of learning
which he can eliminate.

13. ENCOUNTER GROUP:-
• Encounter group is a group form of small group in which an individual learns
how his feelings and behaviour affect him and others. This group is not
necessarily a group of people with mental illness. The individual may have some
coping difficulty which he would like to resolve at the right time.
for example ,a suspicious feeling gradually being about his wife or any other
illusions.

14. HOMOGENEOUS AND HETEROGENEOUS
GROUPS:-
• Homogeneous groups are composed of patients of the same age, race, sex,
socioeconomic level and similar category of illness. Heterogeneous groups
vary on all these aspects.

15. OPEN GROUPS AND CLOSED GROUPS:-
• In open group member may join and leave the group at any time. Closed
groups have a specific number of people, specific time to start and close
the group sessions; the duration is three to four weeks. Inpatients and
outpatients both are included in this group. Open and closed groups are
used extensively.

16. GROUP ACCORDING TO MENTAL ILLNESS:-
• Patients suffering from psychotic illness come under this category.

17. TASK GROUP:-
• The function of a task group is to accomplish a specific outcome or task.
The focus is on solving problems and making decisions to achieve this
outcome. Often a dead line is placed on completion of the task, such
importance is placed on a satisfactory outcome that conflict in the group
may be smoothed over or ignored in order to focus on the priority at hand.

18. TEACHING GROUPS:-
• Teaching or educational groups exist to convey knowledge and
information to a number of individuals. Nurses can be involved in
teaching groups of many varieties, such as medication education,
childbirth education, breast –self examination, and effective parenting
classes.

19. SUPPORTIVE/THERAPEUTIC GROUPS:-
• The primary concern of support groups is to prevent future upsets by
teaching participants effective ways of dealing with emotional stress
arising from situational or developmental crises.

20. SELF-HELP GROUPS:-
• An additional type of group ,in which nurses may or may not be involved
.They allow clients to talk about their fears and relieve feelings of
isolation, while receiving comfort and advice from others undergoing
similar experiences. e.g. of self-help groups are Alzheimer’s disease and
related disorders, Anorexia and related disorders, Weight Watchers
,Alcoholic Anonymous, Reach to recovery etc.

21. PRINCIPLES OF GROUP THERAPY:-

22. Cont….
1. The instillation of hope: The group contains members at different stages
of the treatment process. Seeing people who are coping or recovering
gives hope to those at the beginning of the process.
2. Universality: Being in a group of people experiencing the same things
helps people see that what they are going through is universal and that
they are not alone.

23. Cont….
3. Imparting information: Group members are able to help each other by
sharing information.
4. Altruism: Group members are able to share their strengths and help others
in the group, which can boost self-esteem and confidence.

24. STEPS OF GROUP THERAPY:-

25. Cont….
i. Selecting the members in a group.
ii. Developing contact in a group.
iii.Selection of group leader (generally the therapist).

26. PHYSICAL CONDITIONS THAT INFLUENCE
GROUP DYNAMICS:-
• SIZE:-Groups can be as small as three or four people, but group therapy
sessions generally involve around seven to twelve individuals (although it
is possible to have more participants). The group typically meets once or
twice each week for an hour or two

27. CONTI……..
• SEATING:-In many cases, the group will meet in a room where the chairs
are arranged in a large circle so that each member can see every other
person in the group. A session might begin with each member of the group
introducing themselves and sharing why they are in group therapy, or
members might share their experiences and progress since the last
meeting.

28. CONTI……
• MEMBERSHIP:-Whether the group is open or closed ended is another
condition that influences the dynamics of the group process. Open ended
groups are those in which members leave and others join at any time while
the group is active

29. THE EFFECTIVENESS OF GROUP THERAPY:-
• Group therapy can be very effective, especially in certain situations.
Studies have shown that group therapy can be an effective treatment
choice for depression and traumatic stress.

30. Reasons to Use Group Therapy:
The key advantages of group therapy include:-
• Group therapy allows people to receive the support and encouragement of
the other members of the group.
• Group members can serve as role models to other members of the group.

31. CONTI…….
• Group therapy is very cost effective.
• Group therapy offers a safe haven. The setting allows people to practice
behaviors and actions within the safety and security of the group.
• By working in a group, the therapist can see first-hand how each person
responds to other people and behaves in social situations.

32. THE ROLE OF THE NURSE IN GROUP
THERAPY:-

33. -In health care settings, nurses serve on or lead task groups that
create policy, describes procedures, and plan client care.
-They are also involved in a variety of other groups aimed at the
institutional effort of serving the consumer.
-Nurses are encouraged to use the steps of the nursing process as a
framework for tusk group leadership.
-In psychiatry, nurses may lead various types of therapeutic
groups, such as client education, assertiveness training, support,
parent and
transition to discharges groups, among other.

34. SUMMARY
• In group therapy we have discussed about:
Introduction and definition of group therapy.
Types of group therapy.
Principles and steps of group therapy.
 Physical conditions for group therapy.
Effectiveness of group therapy.
Role of nurse in group therapy.

35. conclusion
• Psycho therapy has been defined as treatment of emotional and or related
bodily problems by psychological means. Certain psychological processes
are used for the treatment of emotional problems in which professionally
trained person deliberately establish therapeutic relationship - K.Lalitha.
• Group psychotherapy is a treatment in which carefully selected people
who are emotionally ill meet in a group guided by a trained therapist, and
help one another effect personality change.

36. RESEARCH ABSTRACT
• Group therapy for people with bulimia nervosa: systematic review and meta-analysis
• Background: Approximately 25% of people with bulimia nervosa (BN) who undertake therapy are treated in groups. National guidelines do
not discriminate between group and individual therapy, yet each has potential advantages and disadvantages and it is unclear how their effects
compare. We therefore evaluated how group therapy for BN compares with individual therapy, no treatment, or other therapies, in terms of
remission from binges and binge frequency.
• Method: We performed a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials of group therapies for BN, following standard
guidelines.
• Results: A total of 10 studies were included. Studies were generally small with unclear risk of bias. There was low-quality evidence of a
clinically relevant advantage for group cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) over no treatment at therapy end. Remission was more likely
with group CBT versus no treatment [relative risk (RR) 0.77, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.62-0.96]. Mean weekly binges were lower with
group CBT versus no treatment (2.9 v. 6.9, standardized mean difference = -0.56, 95% CI -0.96 to -0.15). One study provided low-quality
evidence that group CBT was inferior compared with individual CBT to a clinically relevant degree for remission at therapy end (RR 1.24,
95% CI 1.03-1.50); there was insufficient evidence regarding frequency of binges.
• Conclusions: Conclusions could only be reached for CBT. Low-quality evidence suggests that group CBT is effective compared with no
treatment, but there was insufficient or very limited evidence about how group and individual CBT compared. The risk of bias and imprecise
estimates of effect invite further research to refine and increase confidence in these findings.

37. References:
• TOWENSEND C. MARY, MENTAL HEALTH NURSING,8TH
EDN,PUBLISHED BY JAYPEE PUBLICATIONS.
• WWW.PSYCHOTHERAPIES. COM.
• SREEVANI R, GUIDE TO MENTAL HEALTH AND PSYCHIATRIC
NURSING, PUBLISHED BY JAYPEE PUBLICATIONS.

38. assignment
• Write about the indications and contraindications of group therapy.