History of Dental Education in Myanmar

-1-
PREAMBLE
The University of Dental Medicine was first established as the College of Dental
Medicine affiliated to the Institute of Medicine I in 1964. The curriculum used then was adopted
from the British Dental Schools as the college was opened under the Colombo Plan aid. In 1974,
during the 2nd
Medical Education Seminar the curriculum was revised.
The College of Dental Medicine was upgraded to the Institute level in 1976. Some
coordinated efforts to improve the curriculum have been made at the fourth Medical Education
Seminar (1978) and National Seminar on undergraduate curriculum for Community Orientation
(1982). The existing curriculum was again revised in the fifth Medical Education seminar (1994).
In 1998, with the further upgrading of the Institute of Dental Medicine and the
establishment of a new Institute in Mandalay, the curriculum was made more concise and the
academic course for the Bachelor degree shortened from 7 years to 5½ years. Starting from 2014
the course is again extended six months for internship to talling 6 years.
Now, with the four years national programme for raising the standard of education in
Myanmar, it has become necessary to keep our education standard abreast with the developed
ASEAN countries and at the same time to keep in line with the National health plan policy
which was laid down in 1993.
Thus it is pertinent for our curriculum to reflect the country's need i.e. to produce more
health personal who can cope with the medical / dental problems they would face in their daily
practice.
The previous curriculum is more clinically oriented, subject based and teacher centered.
The new curriculum is more problem based and community based learning as well as
with more appropriate horizontal and vertical integrations. The new curriculum is also more
student-centered especially with the encouragement for e-education.

-2-
INSTITUTIONAL OBJECTIVES
The aim of dental education is to produce dental practitioners who are socially conscious,
community oriented, professionally skillful, and technically competent. The graduate of the
university should be:-
1. able to abide by the guidelines of National Health plan laid down by the
government and implement accordingly.
2. capable of effective action using the knowledge, skill and attitude for the promotive,
preventive, curative, and rehabilitative oral health needs of the country.
3. capable of maintaining and improving the quality of oral health services by doing
continuing education and research.
4. aware of professional ethics and abide by its codes.

-3-
UNIVERSITY OF DENTAL MEDICINE
OBJECTIVES
The graduate should be able to;
1. master the English and Myanmar language necessary to converse with staff and
patients, read and comprehend medical books and journals and to write technical
essays, medical histories and management plans.
2. understand the concepts and principles of basic natural sciences and their
application to medicine.
3. accquire the predetermined level of knowledge of the structure and function of the
human body including growth development, senescence and death to be able to
identify deviations from normal.
4. understand the physiological concept, physical chemical processes of the body and
their control mechanisms to explain the reasons for deviations from the normal.
5. conduct appropriate physical, biochemical, pathological and microbiological
examinations and investigations to detect the deviation from normal structure and
function.
6. understand the specific changes in organs and organ systems caused by aging,
trauma, stress, bacterias, viruses, chemicals and drugs and the basic principles of
awareness these deviations.
7. acquire knowledge and skill to undertake the responsibility of the dental profession
and dental practice in relation to the law.
8. acquire the knowledge, skill and attitudes regarding oral health problems, their
interventions and follow - up.
9. develop, implement, monitor and evaluate a community dental health plan and oral
health programme of the country.
10. work as a member and when necessary, the leader of an oral health care team in the
hospital and in the community.
11. conduct simple investigative studies on patient care and oral health services in
Myanmar.
12. realize the responsibility and concern and act in accordance with the social and
political philosophy of Myanmar.
13. be aware of the importance of ethics in the practice of dental medicine.
14. be aware of the social and cultural settings, health beliefs and practices in Myanmar
and their relevance and implication for health care.
15. study problem solving ability and self-reliant learning in relation to simple medical
problems.
16. to take interest and to educate the individual patient, their families and the
community in matters related to oral health promotion and oral disease prevention
and oral rehabilitation.
17. be aware of dental medicine as a continuum of the normal, deviation from normal
and the correction of the deviations, the greatest emphasis on the correction of the
deviation in the phase.

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SELECTION & ADMISSION OF UNDERGRADUATE STUDENTS
1. For candidate to be eligible for selection to the dental university, the applicant as well as
both his / her parents must be citizens of Union of Myanmar. (Must sign a bond for three
years compulsory government service.)
2. For candidate to be eligible for selection to the dental university, the applicant must have
passed at least the matriculation examination or any examination or examinations and that
the university council recommend from time to time. The candidate must have attained
certain level of proficiency in Chemistry / Physics / Biology (General Science) and
English.
3. In order to exclude mentally or physically handicapped individuals, the candidate must
pass the fitness examinations conducted by the board of studies before admission.
(manual dexterity, drug addition etc..)
4. For candidate to be eligible for selection he/she must have the necessary student
characteristics which will be assessed at the personal interview.
5. For the number of students admitted to the dental university the following should be
considered
(i) The existing national health policies
(ii) The immediate and future need of the country
(iii) The number of staff available
(iv) The equipment and material available
(v) The availability floor space.
6. The male to female ratio for selection of students should be 80:20.
However, the male-female ratio may be reviewed depending on the changing needs of the
country in future.

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CURRICULAR STRUCTURE FOR B.D.S. COURSE
The curriculum for B.D.S. course consists of five classes and internship with a total duration of
six years.
Nomenclature Duration
1st
B.D.S. class 1 year
2nd
B.D.S. class 1 year
3rd
B.D.S. class 1 year
4th
B.D.S. class 1 year
Final B.D.S. class 1 year
House-Officer (Internship) 1 year
Total 6 years

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CURRICULAR STRUCTURE FOR B.D.S. COURSE
Duration Subjects
1st
B.D.S. 1 year I. Communication Science – English, Myanmar
II. Biomedical Science – Chemistry, Physics, Mathematics,
Zoology, Botany
III . – IT & First Aid , 2nd
Year Subjects
Per: & Prof: Development
Family Medicine
2nd
B.D.S. 1 year Anatomy , Physiology , Biochemistry , Oral Biological Science
Behavioral Science( CBL / PBL ) , Communication Skill
3rd
B.D.S. 1 year Pathology , Microbiology , Pharmacology , Dental therapeutics ,
Dental Material Science , Basic Prosthodontics , Junior Operative
Course(Conservative Dentistry), Behavioral Science( CBL / PBL) ,
Communication Skill
4th
B.D.S. 1 year General Medicine , General Surgery ,
Clinical Dentistry I (Oral Surgery and Oral Medicine)
Clinical Dentistry II (Periodontology and Preventive and
Community Dentistry, Preventive and Social
Medicine)
Clinical Dentistry III (Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics)
Senior Operative Dentistry (Conservative Dentistry)
Prosthodontics
Communication skills, Ergonomics in Dentistry and Clinical
Management.
Final B.D.S. 1 year Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery
Oral Medicine
Conservative Dentistry
Prosthodontics
Dental Health I (Periodontology and Preventive and Community
Dentistry)
Dental Health II (Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics)
Behavioral Science (CBL / PBL) , Communication Skill
House-
officer
(Internship)
1 year Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Oral Medicine, Conservative
Dentistry, Prosthodontics, Periodontology and Preventive and
Community Dentistry , Paediatric Dentistry and Orthodontics
CBL = Community based Learning
PBL = Problem based Learning

-7-
CURRICULUM FOR B.D.S. DEGREE
(TOTAL TEACHING / LEARNING HOURS)
Class Subjects Hours Total Hours
1st
B.D.S. Myanmar
English
Chemistry
Physics
Zoology
Botany
Mathematics
TPPD
Elective
90
180
160
140
140
140
60
100
40 1050
2nd
B.D.S. Anatomy
Physiology
Biochemistry
Oral Biology
Behavioral Science
402
206
206
264
104 1182
3rd
B.D.S. Pathology
Microbiology
Pharmacology
Dental therapeutics
Dental Material Science &
Basic Prosthodontics
Junior Operative Course
CBL / Computer Skill
180
180
115
35
251
238
155 1154
4th
B.D.S. General Surgery
General Medicine
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
Oral Medicine
Prosthodontics
Senior Operative Dentistry
Periodontology,
Preventive and Community Dentistry
Preventive and Social Medicine
Paediatric Dentistry
Orthodontics
198
198
165
132
99
55
66
37
29
66
66
1111

-8-
CURRICULUM FOR B.D.S. DEGREE
(TOTAL TEACHING / LEARNING HOURS)
Class Subjects Hours Total Hours
Final B.D.S. Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
Oral Medicine
Prosthodontics
Periodontology
Preventive & Community Dentistry
Orthodontics
Elective Period
166
146
165
146
146
113
146
146
210
1384
Internship Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery
Oral Medicine
Prosthodontics
Periodontology
Preventive and Community Dentistry
Orthodontics
1 ½ months
1 ½ months
1 ½ months
1 ½ months
1 ½ months
1 ½ months
1 ½ months
1 ½ months
1820
Total 12 months
Total 7701

-9-
COORDINATED TEACHINGS
1st B.D.S.
SUBJECTS COORDINATED DEPARTMENT
(1)Communication Science
( English + Myanmar )
(2)Biomedical Science
( Physics )
Dental materials ;Conservative Dentistry,
Prosthetic Dentistry , Paediatric Dentistry
Orthodontics ,
Oral & Maxillofacial Surgery ,
Oral Medicine
( Chemistry ) Physiology ,Biochemistry ,Dental Materials
Microbiology, Pharmacology , All Dental
Clinical Department
( Mathematics ) Preventive and Social Medine & Preventive
and Commuity Dentistry Departments
(3) Biomedical Science
( Zoology , Botany )
Biochemistry, Physiology ,Microbiology
Pharmacology ,Preventive & Social
Medicine
2nd B.D.S.
(1) Anatomy 2nd
B.D.S. subjects and all clinical subjects
(2) Physiology 2nd
(3) Biochemistry 2nd
(4) Oral Biological Science Anatomy , Physiology , Oral Pathology
Conservative Dentistry , Periodontology
Orthodontics
3rd B.D.S.
(1) Pathology 3rd
B.D.S. subjects and General Medicine &
Surgery ; Oral Surgery , Oral Medicine
(2) Pharmacology 3rd
Surgery ; Oral Surgery , Oral Medicine +
Clinical Dentistry
(3) Microbiology 3rd
Surgery ; Oral Surgery , Oral Medicine
(4) Conservative Dentistry ( J.O.C ) Physics ,Chemistry , Dental Anatomy &
Physiology ,
All Clinical Department
(5) Prosthetics Dentistry
(Dental material science & Basic
prosthetics )
Physics ,Chemistry , Dental Anatomy &
Physiology ,
All Clinical Department
4th B.D.S.
(1) General Medicine Basic Medical Science Dept: Oral &
Maxillofacial Surgery , Oral Medicine

-10-
(2) General Surgery Basic Medical Science Dept: Oral &
Maxillofacial Surgery , Oral Medicine
(3) Clinical Dentistry I
(Oral Surgery & Oral Medicine )
Basic Medical Science Dept: General
Medicine & Surgery , All Dental Clinical
Departments
(4) Clinical Dentistry II
(Preventive and Community Dentistry,
Preventive and Social Medicine &
Periodontology )
Departments
(5) Clinical Dentistry III
(Paediatric Dentistry & Orthodontics )
Departments
TRAINING SCHEDULE FOR HOUSE OFFICERS
1. Training Hospital
At the University of Dental Medicine and 50 bedded hospital (Oral & Maxillofacial
Surgery) for eight months and at Teaching Hospitals designated by Ministry of Health for
four months.
2. Training guidance
House Officer Manual - 2004/2005,
Check lists of minimum requirement.
3. Leave
Special leave - Maximum 10 days.
Not more than 3 days continuously.
To report if absent without leave for 3 days.
Will be reposted for the period absent at the particular Department.
4. Failure to report for House Officers posting (in House Officer Manual 2004/2005)
Reasonably one or two days.
Failure to report without firm reason for one month will be debarred for one year.
5. Assessment
Keeping of logbooks will be monitored, supervised and controlled byrespective faculty
members.
Head of the department will make assessment.
Rector will sign the completion form with the recommendations of the Heads of
Department.
Proposal - Check lists to be added to house officer manual.
House officers will be informed of the importance of log book & check - lists.

-11-
TEACHING HOUR ALLOTMENT FOR FIRST B.D.S. COURSE
One Academic Year 52 weeks
Non-Teaching Week 22 weeks
Total Teaching Weeks 30 weeks
Non-Teaching Hours
1. April Vacation 4 weeks
2. Theory Test Week 4 weeks
3. Private study 1 week
4. Final Exam 4 weeks
5. Supplementary Exam 9 weeks
22 weeks
Teaching Weeks 30 (5 days) 150 days
Teaching Hours/ Day 7 hours
Total Teaching Hours 1050 hours

-12-
TEACHING HOUR ALLOTMENT FOR FIRST B.D.S. COURSE
Sr. No Subjects Teaching Hours
1. Myanmar 90
2. English 180
3. Chemistry 160
4. Physics 140
5. Zoology 140
6. Botany 140
7. Mathematics 60
8. TPPD 100
9. Elective 40
Total 1050
A. Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry & Oral Biology will not be assessed in the
final examination as one separate paper.
B. Only one completion test for Anatomy, Physiology, Biochemistry & Oral Biology
at the end of teaching.
C. Only two completion tests for CS English , Myanmar, BMS Chemistry, Physics,
Zoology, Botany, Mathematics at the end of teaching.
D. Both theory and practical tests will be conducted.
E. Performance in the First B.D.S. completion test will be contributed to the second
B.D.S. class work (in equal weight age with the class tests of 2nd year course).
F. Grand viva for distinctions will be practiced for all subjects at all levels.
G. Distinction System as follows; (CS English, Myanmar 75%)
(BMS Chemistry, Physics, Zoology, Botany, Mathematics 80%)
H. Consideration for those who could not meet the distinction.
Standard at the grand viva --- give 74% marks. (To give one mark less than
distinction level)
I. Credit for those who obtain more than (65 %) in all subjects at all levels.
J. Grading Certificate

-13-
DEPARTMENT OF MYANMAR
Communication Science (Myanmar)
Programme Structure
Lesson plan
TOPIC : a&;[eftwwfynm (Style of Writing)
Sr.
No
Objective (SIO) Contents
Method /
Media
Time
(HRS)
1/ jrefrmpmayESifh
bmompum;udk
pepfwus
xdxdrdrd
toHk;jyKwwfap&
ef
1. pma&;jcif;tajccHpnf;rsO
f;
2. pma&;enf;(4)rsdK;
3. pma&;enf;oabmw&m;
twwfynm
4. vufawGUa&;om;
avhusifhjcif;
Lecture
Discussion
+
Practice exercise
White Board
PA system
Exercise books
5
5
TOPIC : pmpDpmuHk;a&;om;jcif;/ (Essay Writing)
Sr.
No
Method /
Media
Time
(HRS)
2/ tawG;tac:
pdwful;OmPf
xufjruf
ap&efESifh
awG;jrif
Mum;odorQudk
jyefvnf
wifjywwf&ef
1. pmpDpmuHk;
trsdK;tpm;rsm;
cGJjcm;jcif;
2. pmpDpmuHk;a&;&ef
taMumif;t&m
&Smenf;rsm;
3. pmpDpmuHk;ESifh
pdwful;OmPf
4. pmpDpmuHk;
t*Fg&yfrsm;
5. vufawGUa&;om;
avhusifhjcif;
Lecture
Discussion
+
Practice exercise
White Board
PA system
Exercise books
5
5
TOPIC : bmomjyefjcif; (Translation)
Sr.
No
Method /
Media
Time
(HRS)
3/ bmomjyeftwwfyn
mwGif
tajccH&&Sdap&
ef
1. bmomjyefenf;ynm
2. tajymbmompum;
bmomjyefenf;vrf;rsm;
3. ta&;bmompum;
bmomjyefenf;vrf;rsm;
4. 0guswdkbmomjyefjcif;
5. pum;yHkrsm;?
tqdktrdefUrsm;
Lecture
Discussion
+
Practice exercise
10
5

-14-
bmomjyefjcif;
6. aq;ynmESifhywfoufao
m pmydk'frsm;
bmomjyefjcif;
7. pmydk'f&Snf ^
aqmif;yg;rsm;
bmomjyefjcif;
Theory Test I 2
TOPIC : tbd"mefpum;vHk;rsm; oifMum;jcif;ESifh (Study of Alphabetical
Order)
Sr.
No
Method /
Media
Time
(HRS)
4/ jrefrmtbd"mefud
k pepfwus
toHk;
xufjrufap&ef
1. jrefrmtbd"mefpOfenf;
Oya'orsm;
2. jrefrmtbd"mefpum;vH
k;rsm;
vufawGUavhusifhjcif;
Lecture
Discussion
White Board
PA system
Exercise books
5
5
TOPIC : aq;ynm&Sifusifh0wf (Medical Ethics)
Sr.
No Objective (SIO) Contents
Method /
Media
Time
(HRS)
5/ aq;ynm&Sifusif
h0wf (Medical
Ethics) rsm;udk
em;vnfap&ef?
usifh0wfodu©m
vdkufem
apmifhxdef;ao
m aq;
ynm&Sifaumif;r
sm;? jynfolvlxku
av;pm;
*kPf,lxdkufaom
q&m0efaumif;rs
m;
jzpfvmap&ef/
1. aq;ynm&Sif
usifh0wfrsm;
aqG;aEG;oifMum;jcif;
/
2. q&m0efwdkYaqmifyk
'fESifh t"dXmefjyK
uwdopömrsm;
usufrSwfjcif;/
3. usifh0wfrsm;ESifh
ywfoufí rdrd
xifjrif,lqcsufrsm;udk
jyefvnf
a&;om;wifjyjcif;/
Lecture
Discussion
+
Practice exercise
White Board
PA system
Exercise books
3
2

-15-
Theory Test II 2
TOPIC : tESpfcsKyfa&;om;jcif; (Summarizing)
Sr.
Method /
Media
Time
(HRS)
6/ pmwpfyk'f?
taMumif;t&mwp
fck
wdkwdk&Sif;&S
if; vdk&if;udk
xda&mufpGm
rSwfom;
od&SdEdkif&ef
? awG;wwf
ap&ef?
a&;om;wwf
ap&ef
1. tESpfcsKyfa&;om;jcif;
enf;vrf;rsm;
2. vufawGU
a&;om;avhusifhjcif;
Lecture
Discussion
+
Practice exercise
White Board
PA system
Exercise books
5
3
TOPIC : vlrIusifh0wf taxGaxGoifcef;pm/ (pum;ajy? uAsm)
Sr.
Method /
Media
Time
(HRS)
7/ jrefrmh&dk;&m,
Ofaus;rI
"avhxHk;pHrsm
;udk
av;pm;wwf&ef?
tawG;tac:
jrifhrm;
vmap&ef?
jrefrmpmay
udkjrwfEdk;í
pdwf0ifpm;
vmap&ef?
wdkif;cspf?
jynfcspf?rsdK;c
spfpdwf"gwf
&Sifoefwuf<uv
1. pum;ajy?
uAsmwpfyk'fudkzwfN
yD;
&&Sdaom
A[kokwrsm;
aumufEIwf wifjyjcif;/
2. xdkpmayrS qufEG,fí
&&Sdaom oifcef;pm
tqHk;tr? usifh0wf
rsm;udk rSwfom;jcif;/
3. rdrd xifjrif,lq
a0zefcsuf azmfjyjcif;/
4. jrefrmpum;yHkqdk½d
k;pum;rsm;udk
avhvmjcif;jzifh
jrefrmh½dk;&m
Lecture
Discussion
+
Practice exercise
Board
PA system
Exercise books
17
5

-16-
map &ef?
vlrIa&;usifh0wf
rsm;
apmifhxdef;wwf
ap &ef?
,Ofaus;vdr®ma
om
vlawmfvlaumif;r
sm;?
EdkifiHhom;au
mif;rsm;
jzpfvmap&ef/
,Ofaus;rI"avhxHk;pHr
sm;udk
pdwf0ifpm;vmjcif;
Theory Test III 2
TOPIC : jyefvSefoifMum;jcif;/
Sr.
Method /
Media
Time
(HRS)
8/ jyefvSefoifMum
;jcif;
Lecture
Practice exercise
White Board
PA system
Exercise books
2
2
Total - 90 hrs
Formative Assessment
1. Continuous Assessment
Weightage
1.1 Theory Test I 10%

-17-
1.2 Theory Test II 10%
1.3 Theory Test III 10%
-----------
30%
2. Summative Assessment
1.1 Method Written
1.2 Question Type MCQ, MSQ, Essay
1.3 Venue Exam Hall
1.4 Weightage Theory 70%
3. Pass mark 50%
4. Distinction 75%
5. Credit marks 65%
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
Curriculum for First Year B.D.S
DEPARTMENTAL OBJECTIVES
At the end of the course the students will have:

-18-
Knowledge
1. acquired knowledge and usage of the grammatical structure and relevant English
Language functions for communication.
2. acquired basic understanding of health through reading literature, writing and
speaking.
Skills
1. acquired skills in using English by reading and doing a variety of exercises.
2. acquired acceptable proficiency in speaking, listening, reading and writing.
3. gained ability of organizing facts, figures and ideas and presenting logically and
coherently.
Attitude
1. become self- reliant learners through programmed learning (self-learning packages).
2. achieved enough proficiency in participating actively in workshops, discussions,
seminars and conferences conducted in English.
3. acquired a sense of responsibility towards the health problems of the community as
well as social problems related to health.
DEPARTMENT OF ENGLISH
No SLO Topic/Content Method Media Hours
I. At the end of the units
the students should be able to:
1.1 acquire knowledge and
origin of medicine
1.2 acquire knowledge of
medical symbols
1.3 understand the origin or
1. Reading
Comprehension
1.1 How medicine
began
1.2 Medical symbols
1.3 Why diseases
Lecture
Discussion
White
board
Power
40

-19-
occurrence of a disease
1.4 distinguish acute disease
from chronic disease
1.5 know the discovery of
drugs
1.6 learn about many
different vitamins and
diseases caused by lack
of vitamins
1.7 acquire knowledge and
origin of dental
medicine and treatments
1.8 gain knowledge of the
structure of the teeth
1.9 gain knowledge of first
aid
1.10 learn about ulcer
1.11 know about the cause of
tetanus and about the
disease
1.12 acquire knowledge
about the pain and the
relationship between the
mind and our perception
of pain
1.13 know the cause of
diabetes
1.14 know the cause of shock
and the treatments
1.15 know the cause of rabies
and giving vaccine
1.16 know different beliefs
about measles and
measles vaccine
1.17 realize how much noise
affects health
1.18 know about the diseases
caused by smoking
1.19 know the causes of
AIDS and the prevention
1.20 realize how gambling
affects the society
1.21 practice reading
strategies
1.22 practice cloze procedure
occur
1.4 Acute and chronic
disease
1.5 Drugs versus
disease
1.6 The vitamins
1.7 Dental health
1.8 Teeth
1.9 First aid
1.10 What about ulcer?
1.11 Tetanus
1.12 Pain is all in the
mind
1.13 Diabetes
1.14 Shock
1.15 Rabies
1.16 Folk beliefs about
measles
1.17 Noise
1.18 Smoking
1.19 AIDS
1.20 Gambling
1.21 Reading for the
main idea
1.22 Cloze exercise
-point
Handouts

-20-
II At the end of the session
students should be able to:
2.1 follow lectures
2.2 improve listening skill
and to be correct in
pronunciation and
intonation
2. Listening
Comprehension
Dialogues From
2.1 New Headway
Intermediate
2.2 Listening practice
for IELTS
Tutorial
Language
Lab
Cassette
CD
TV
25
III At the end of the session
students should be able to:
3.1 speak English fluently
3.2 use the language when
speaking about the teeth
and to give the
instructions
3.3 express more confidently
his ideas in talks and
perform the presentation
3. Spoken English
3.1 Phonetics
(Pronunciation
Practice )
3.2 Language of
Dentistry
3.3 Prepared Talks
on Essay topics
3.4 basics of
presentation and
public speaking
3.5 Everyday
English & Speech
manners
Role play
Discussion
Language
Lab
27
IV At the end of the session the
students must be able to:
4.1 learn the meanings of a
word and to study special
terms in medical science
4.2 know terms in dental
science
4.3 know the usage of phrasal
verbs
4. Vocabulary
Development
4.1 Medical
Terminology &
Abbreviations
4.2 Terms used in
dentistry
4.3 Phrasal verbs
White
board
Power-
point
Handout
8
V At the end of the session the
5.1 describe situation or place
in medical writing by
using grammatical
devices
5.2 acquire knowledge of
the syntactic structure of
sentences
5.3 change the form of a
sentence into some other
ways without changing
the meaning
5. Grammar &
Syntax
1. Articles
2. Adjectives of
quantity
3. Subject-verb
agreement
4. Prepositions
5. Passive Voice
6. Conditionals
7. Tenses
8. Transformation
of sentences
Lecture White
board
Power-
point
36

-21-
VI At the end of the session the
6.1 write reports
6.2 write essays which
consists in the narration
of some events and a
description of some
places or things
6. Writing
Composition
6.1 Report Writing/
Graph writing for
IELTS preparation/
Line graph, Bar
graph, Pie Chart,
Table
6.2 Essay
Power-
point
Handout
40

-22-
TOTAL TEACHING HOURS
Hours
Lecture/Tutorial/Revision/ Lab Section 174
Tests 6
Total 180
ASSESSMENT
1. Formative Assessment
1.1. Test 1, 2, 3 (2 Hours) – 3 times 30%
2. Summative Assessment
2.1 . Final examination
- A three – hour written test 70%
3. Criteria for Pass, Distinction and Credit
3.1. Pass mark - 50% (each compartment)
3.2. Distinction mark - 75% (each compartment)
3.3. Credit mark - 65% (all compartments)
3.4. Moderation mark - 46% (each compartment)
3.5. In supplementary examination - less than 59%

-23-
DEPARTMENT OF CHEMISTRY
INORGANIC CHEMISTRY
No. SLO Topic /Contents Method Media Hours
1. To enable the students
to be aware of the
nature of forces that
bind atoms together to
form molecules
1. Introduction
1.1 Bohr's model
1.2 Theory of quantum
mechanics and atomic
orbital.
1.3 Wave nature of
electron and atomic
orbital
1.4 'S' orbital and 'P'
orbital
1.5 Electron spin
1.5.1. Hund's rule
1.5.2. paramagnetism
and
diamagnetism
Lecture White
board,
Marker
Pen,
OHP, PA
System,
transpare
ncies,
Handout
and Text
book
4 hrs
2. Chemical Bonds
2.1(a) ionic bond
(b) covalent bond
(c) co-ordinate bond
2.2 Overlapping of
atomic orbitals
2.3 promotion of
electrons
2.4Hybrid orbitals
2.5 Hybridization of
atomic orbitals
(a)sp3
hybridization
(b)sp2
hybridization
(c) sp hybridization
2.6 Bond polarity and
electronegativity
2.7 Polar and non-polar
compounds
2.8 Weak electrostatic
bond
(a) dipole – dipole
attraction
(b) ion-dipole
attraction
(c) hydrogen bond
2.9 Life essential
elements
13 hrs

-24-
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
1. To enable the
students to be aware
of the behaviour of
gases
1. Gaseous state
1.1 Nature of gases and
Laws
(a) Boyle's Law
(b) Charles' Law
(c) Ideal gas Law
(d) Dalton's law of
partial pressure
1.2 The kinetic theory of
gas
1.3 Deviation from ideal
gases
1.4 (a) Ideal (or)
perfect gas
(b) Under perfect
deviation
(c) Overperfect
deviation
1.5 Deviation due to
intermolecular force
and Vander Waal's
correction
1.6 Deviation due to the
volume of the
molecule themselves
and Vander Waal's
correction
Lecture White
board,
Marker
Pen,
OHP, PA
System,
transpare
ncies,
Handout
and Text
book
5hrs
2. To acquire the
knowledge of the
general properties of
solution and its
application to
biochemical reaction
and analytical
solutions
2. Solution
2.1 Solubility of gases in
liquid
2.2 Factors affecting the
solubility of gases
(Henery's Law)
2.3 Solubility of gases in
solutions
eg. solubility of gases
in the Blood.
2.4 Expression of
concentration
2.5 Properties of dilute
solution
(colligative
properties)
(a) lowering of
vapour pressure
(b) elevation of
boiling point
(c) depression of
Lecture White
board,
Marker
Pen,
OHP, PA
System,
transpare
ncies,
Handout
and Text
book
13 hrs

-25-
freezing point
(d) osmosis and
osmotic pressure
2.6 Abnormal colligative
properties of dilute
solution
2.7 Isotonic solution,
Hypotonic solution,
Hypertonic solution
3. To acquire the
knowledge of the
general properties of
buffer solutions and
its application in the
metabolism of human
body
3. Acid-Base Theory
3.1 Dissociation of weak
acid and weak base
3.2 Bronsted and Lowry
theory
3.3 Ionization of water
- pH of the solution
3.4 Buffer solution
3.5 Henderson
Hessalbalch's
equation
3.6 Blood buffer system
8 hrs
4. To acquire the
knowledge about the
energy changes in
chemical reaction
4. Elementary
Thermodynamics
4.1 Introduction to first
law of
Thermodynamics
4.2 Work of the pressure-
volume type
4.3 Reversible change
and maximum work
4.4 Heat changes at
constant pressure
and volume
4.5 Second law of
thermodynamic
4.6 Spontaneous process,
free energy, entropy
and enthalpy
6 hrs
5. To acquire the
knowledge about the
order and rate of the
chemical reactions
5. Chemical Kinetics
5.1 Chemical kinetics
Rate of reaction
5.2 Effect of temperature
on rate of reaction
Effect of
concentration on rate
of reaction
5.3 Order of reaction and
molecularity of
reaction
5.3.1 1st
order
2 hrs

-26-
reaction
5.3.2 2nd
order
reaction
5.3.3 Zero order
reaction
6. At the end of this
course the student
must be able to
understand the
absorption power of
colloids particles ,
physical effect &
chemical effect
6. Colloids
6.1 Nature of colloids
6.2 Gels and Sols
6.2.1 Example of
colloidal system
6.3 Preparation of sols
6.4 Purification of sols
6.5 Properties of sols
6.6 Electrical in nature
6.7 Coagulation of sols
by electrolytes
6.8 Lyophilic colloidal
solution
6.9 Association colloid
6.10 Emulsion
6.11Gel
6.12 Elastic Gel
6.13 Rigid Gel
6.14 Thixotropic Gel
3 hrs
ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
1. To acquire the
knowledge on the
properties of
hydrocarbons
To be aware the
sources and uses of
hydrocarbons
1. Aliphatic organic
chemistry
1.1 Preparation,
properties and uses in
medical science
1.2 alcohol
1.3 alkyl halide
1.4 ether
1.5 aldehyde and ketone
1.6 carboxylic acid and
their derivatives
1.7amine
Lecture White
board,
Marker
Pen,
OHP, PA
System,
transpare
ncies,
Handout
and Text
book
20 hrs
2. To acquire the
knowledge on the
properties of aromatic
compounds.
To be aware the
sources and uses of
aromatic compounds.
2. Aromatic compounds
2.1 Resonance structure
of benzene
2.2 Resonance and
inductive effect
preparation,
properties and uses in
medical science
2.3 benzene
2.4 toluene
2.5 nitrobenzene
2.6 benzene sulphonic
Lecture White
board,
Marker
Pen,
OHP, PA
System,
transpare
ncies,
Handout
and Text
book
16 hrs

-27-
acid
2.7 toluene sulphonic
acid
2.8 aniline
2.9 diazonium compound
2.10 phenol
2.11 aromatic aldehydes
and ketones
2.12 benzoic acid
2.13 salicylic acid
3. To acquire the
knowledge of
stereoisomerism
3. Stereoisomerism
3.1 Type of isomerism
3.2 Structural isomerism
3.3 Optical and
geometrical
isomerism
3.4 significance of optical
and geometrical
isomerism in
biological system
Lecture White
board,
Marker
Pen,
OHP, PA
System,
transpare
ncies,
Handout
and Text
book
7 hrs
4. To acquire the
knowledge on the
properties of the
amino acids and
proteins.
To be aware the
sources and uses of
amino acids and
proteins.
4. Amino acids and
Proteins
4.1 Essential amino acids
4.2 Synthesis of amino
acids
4.3 General properties of
amino acids
4.4 Reactions of amino
acids
4.5 Proteins
4.5.1 Classification of
proteins
4.5.2 Hydrolysis of
proteins
4.5.3 Isoelectric point
of proteins
4.5.4 Uses of proteins
7 hrs
5. To acquire the
knowledge on the
properties of the
carbohydrate.
To be aware the
sources and uses of
carbohydrate.
5. Carbohydrates
5.1 Classification
5.2 Structure of D (+)
glucose
5.3 Structure of D (-)
fructose
5.4 Reaction of glucose
5.5 Disaccharides
5.6 Polysaccharides
7 hrs
6. To acquire the
knowledge on the
properties of the
6. Lipids
6.1 Classification
6.2 Fatty acid
3 hrs

-28-
lipids.
To be aware the
sources and uses of
the lipids.
6.3 Fats and oils
6.4 Physical and
chemical properties
of fats and oil
6.5 Phospholipids
6.5.1 Phosphoglycer-
ides
6.5.2 Lecithin,
cephalins
6.6 Phosphosphingosides
6.6.1 Sphingomyelin
6.6.2 Cerebroside
PRACTICAL
1. At the end of course,
the student must be
able to observe the
methodology of
science by collection
of data analysis and
drawing valid
conclusion
Organic detection
1. Methyl alcohol, ethyl
alcohol and isopropyl
alcohol
2. Formaldehyde,
acetaldehyde,
benzaldehyde , acetone
3. Formic acid , acetic acid
and oxalic acid
4. Salicylic acid and
benzoic acid
5. Resorcinol and phenol
6. Aniline and urea
7. Glucose and sucrose
8. Unknown compound
detection
9. Unknown compound
analysis (Volumetric
Titration)
10. To find percentage purity
of sulphuric acid in the
commercial industrial
acid
11. To prepare a standard
solution of oxalic acid
12. To estimate the amount
of sodium hydroxide and
sodium carbonate in 1
dm3
of the solution.
13. To estimate the amount
of oxalic acid and acetic
acid present in 1 dm3
of
the solution.
14. To find the amount of
KMnO4 is 1dm3
solution.
15. To find the amount of
Practical White
board,
Marker
pen,
OHP, PA
system,
transpare
ncies,
Handout
and Text
book
40 hrs

-29-
K2Cr2O7 present in 1
dm3
of given solution.
16. To find the amount of Cu
ion in 1dm3
of given
CuSO4 solution.
Hours
Lecture / Revision 120
Practical 40
Total 160
ASSESSMENTS
(COMPARTMENT SYSTEM)
1. Formative Assessments
1.1 Written paper ( MCQ , MSQ , Short Essays )
1.2 Practical test
2. Summative Assessments
2.1. Class test (2 hours) - 3times - 20%
2.2. Practical test (2 hours) - 1time - 10%
2.3. Final examination
- Theory exam (MCQ , MSQ – 3 hours) - 50%
- Practical exam (2 hours) - 20%
3. Criteria for Passing and Distinction
3.1 Pass mark - 50% (each compartment)
3.2 Distinction mark - 80% (each compartment)
3.3 Credit mark - 65% (all compartments)
3.4 Moderation mark - 46% (each compartment)
3.5 In supplementary examination - less than 59%

-30-
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Departmental Objectives
At the end of the course of instruction the students should be able to:
Knowledge
1. Understand the basic concepts and fundamental principles in physics.
2. Understand and verify physical laws which will be applicable in their medical
career.
Skill
Apply the physical principles to the use of common modern dental equipment.
Attitude
1. Appreciate the applied aspects of medically orientated physics.
2. Acquire essential habits of applying scientific methods in approaching/solving
problems.
3. Be aware of the hazards encountered in the context of his environment in
relation to Pressure, Vibration, Heat, Sound, Light, Electricity and Radiation.

-31-
SUBJECT …… Physics
Contents
No. Topics & Contents
Teaching
/
Learning
methods
Time allotment Total
Lect. Pract. Tuto. Hours
1. Mechanics
(1.1) Physics of body mechanics
Linear motion and Mathematical physics,
Addition and subtraction of vector, Type of
forces, Newton's Law, equilibrium and torques,
Clinical application of gravity, Friction. Circular
motion, Clinical applications of Circular motion,
Elasticity, Hysteresis loop, modulus of elasticity.
(1.2) Energy in human body
Review of Work, Power and Energy,
Potential and kinetic energy of body, Law of
conservation of Energy,Efficiency in humans
body.
(1.3) Machine
Applications of simple machine. Applications
of levers to movement of human body and Dental
instruments.
(1.4) Properties of Liquids
Clinical application of pressure, density,
relative density and Pascal's law, Buoyant force ,
Surface Tension, Law of Laplace. Ideal fluid,
Types of flow, Continuity equation, Bernoulli's
principle and its application, The venturi Tube,
Poiseuille's law and its application, Flow
resistance,
Reynolds number.
Lecture
&
Practical
31 10 4 45
2.
Heat
(2.1) Internal energy, heat and temperature
The distinction between internal energy
and temperature, Temperature measurements, The
dietary Calorie and energy value of food
(2.2) The effects of heat
Changes of phase, Applications of phase
changes, Evaporation and vapor pressure,
Relative Humidity. Physiological applications of
heat transfer. Effect of heat on human body.
L & P 10 4 1 15

-32-
3.
Wave Motion
(3.1)Sound and wave motion
Wave motion, behavior of wave, nature
and properties of wave, periodic motion and
resonance, Wave properties of sound,
Characteristics of sound, Beats, intensity and
Doppler effect, Ultrasonic sound and its medical
applications.
L & P 11 2 1 14
4.
Light
(4.1)The physics of vision
Snell's Law, Total internal reflection, Refraction
at prism, Prisms combination, Refraction at
curved surface, Light dispersion, colour and
deviation, Lens maker's formula, Image formation
by lenses, Aberration of lenses, Common vision
defects, Image formation by the eye.
L & P 11 6 1 18
5.
Electricity
(5.1) Introduction to electricity and magnetism
Static electricity and current electricity, Static
electricity in hospital and antisatic precautions,
Electric fields, voltage and current, EMF and
terminal voltage, Resistivity and conductivity, The
interaction between electricity and magnetism,
Electrical energy and power, Kirchhoff's law,
Alternating curren ,ThePhysiological effects of
electric current.Membrane potential, Action
potential, Defibrillator, The electrocardiogram,
The electroencephalogram, The electronic
Pacemaker.
L & P 16 2 1 19
6. Modern Physics
(6.1) Atomic Physics
The electromagnetic spectrum The
quantum theory of light, Properties of x-rays,
Danger of X-rays and their prevention, Medical
imaging with CT and NMR scans, PET, The
lasers and its applications. Electron Microscope.
(6.2) Nuclear Physics
Radioactivity, Radioactive decay and
half-life, Type of radiation, Radiation units,
L 12 - 1 13

-33-
7.
Medical radioisotopes, The danger of radiation,
Effects of ionizing radiation on biologic material,
Measurement of radiation exposure, How to
minimize your exposure, Radiation therapy,
Diagnostic use of radioisotope.
Revision L & P 6 8 - 14
TOTAL
TEST
97
-
--------
97
32
2
--------
34
9
-
--------
9
138
2
--------
140
No Title Lecture(hr) Practical(hr) Tutorial(hr) Total(hr)
1 Mechanics 31 10 4 45
2 Heat 10 4 1 15
3 Wave Motion 11 2 1 14
4 Light 11 6 1 18
5 Electricity 16 2 1 19
6 Modern Physics 12 - 1 13
Total 91 24 9 124
Theory 91 hrs
Practical 24 hrs
Tutorial 9 hrs
First test - hrs
Second test , Third test - hrs
Practical test 2 hrs
Revision 14 hrs
Total 140 hrs

-34-
DEPARTMENT OF PHYSICS
Program structure
No.
Main Topics Type
Time allotment
Method Resources
old add new
1. Physics of body mechanics lecture
practical
Tutorial
22
4
1
9
6
3
31
10
4 Lecture
and
practical
OHP
White
Board
and
marker
LCD
2. Heat lecture
practical
Tutorial
7
2
1
3
2
-
10
4
1
3. Wave Motion lecture
practical
Tutorial
8
2
1
3
-
-
11
2
1
4. Light lecture
practical
Tutorial
9
6
1
2
-
-
11
6
1
5. Electricity lecture
practical
Tutorial
14
2
1
2
-
-
16
2
1
6. Modern lecture
practical
Tutorial
9
-
-
3
-
1
12
-
1
Test Theory
practical
-
2
-
-
-
2
Revision Theory
practical
2
2
4
6
6
8
Total 96 44 140

-35-
STUDENT ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION (Compartment System)
1. FORMATIVE ASSESSMENT
Class work
1.1 Weekly practical and tutorial 10% 20%
2
1
 = 10%
Practical test 10%
1.2 Theory test 1 10%
1.3 Theory test 2 10% 30%
3
2
 = 20%
1.4 Theory test 3 10%
Total = 30%
2. SUMMATIVE ASSESSMENT
One final examination at the end of the academic year.
2.1 Theory exam - 3 -hrs
2.1.1 Method - Written
2.1.2 Question type - MCQ / MSQ
2.1.3 Venue - Examination Hall
2.2 Practical exam - 2 –hrs
2.2.1 Method - Demonstration
2.2.2 Venue - Laboratory
2.3 Weightage
Theory (one three hours paper) - 50 %
Practical (one two hours practical) - 20 %
------------------
Total 70 %
3. Pass marks 50 %
4. Distinction 80 %
5. Moderation 46%
6. F-system 2 F
7. Supplementary Exam-- If fail 3 subjects out of 7subjects
1F– If fail 4 subjects out of 7 subjects
- Those who fail 3 subjects or less than3 will have to appear for supplementary examination 6
weeks after the final examination.

-36-
Those who fail 4 subjects and above must sit for another examination in next academic year.
Criteria
1. Question Type (Final exam : 3hrs)
Time allowed - 3 hours
Part (A) - MCQ-------------- 40 minutes
Part (B) - MSQ-------------- 2 hours and 20 minutes
(5 questions each 16 marks)
(Test : 2 hrs)
Time allowed - 2 hours
Part (A) - MCQ -------------- 40 minutes
Part (B) - MSQ -------------- 1 hour and 20 minutes
Answer all questions ( 4 questions )
2. Pass Marks - 50%
( Compartment system )
Class work - 15 marks
Theory exam - 25 marks
Practical exam - 10 marks
3. Distinction Mark - 80%
(Compartment system )
Class work - 24 marks
Theory exam - 40 marks
Practical exam - 16 marks
4. Moderation Marks - 46%

-37-
DEPARTMENT OF ZOOLOGY
No. SLO Topic/Content Method Media Hours
1.
-know the common
elements of life
-know the functions
of cell membrane
1.The views of life
1.1.common elements of life
1.2.The animal cell
Membrane structure
and function
Lecture
Practical
Tutorial
White
board,
OHP,
handouts,
LCD&
computer
4
2.
-recognize ‘what is
an animal’, the
relationship of
animal and human
and reliance of man
on animals
-point out some
organisms causing
health problems
according to phyla
-know the derivation
and position of
human in animal
kingdom.
2. Survey of animal kingdom
2.1.What is an animal
2.2.Why study animal
2.3.Contribution of animals
to human existence
2.4.Animal related to human
health problems
according to phyla
2.5.The place of human in
nature
2.6.Trend in human evolution
Lecture
Practical
Tutorial
White
board,
OHP,
handouts,
LCD&
computer,
microscope
& slides,
specimens
3
4
3.
-identify poisonous
snakes from non-
poisonous snakes
-acquire knowledge
of structure of
poison apparatus
-know characters of
some poisonous
snakes
-know ‘what is
venom’ and kinds of
venom with their
examples.
-acquire knowledge
of symptoms after
by poisonous snakes
-know prevention of
snake bite and first
aid for snake bite
3. Poisonous snakes
3.1Key for identifying
poisonous and non-
poisonous snake
3.2 The poison apparatus
3.3 Characters of some
poisonous snakes
3.4 Snake venoms and
their symptoms
3.5 Symptoms of the
haemorrhaegic and
neurotoxic venom of
some poisonous snake
3.6. Prevention of snake
bite and first aid for
snake bite
Lecture
Practical
Tutorial
White
board,
OHP,
handouts,
LCD&
computer,
microscope
& slides,
specimens
4
2
4.
-know the
hierarchial
4. Structural organization
4.1.Hierarchial Organization
of body plan
4.2Tissue structure &
Lecture
Practical
White
board,OHP
2
4

-38-
organization of body
plan.
-know the structure,
function and
location of the 4
major groups of
somatic tissues .
-recognize 3 main
types of intercellular
junctions
function
4.2.1Epithelial tissue
4.2.2Connective tissue
4.2.3.Muscle tissue
4.2.4.Nervous tissue
4.3.Intercellular junctions in
animal tissues
Tutorial ,handouts,
LCD&com
puter,
microscope
& slides
5.
-definebehaviour
-explain the nature
of behaviour
-recognize the kinds
ofbehaviours
-recall the categories
of learning
-know why does
altruistic behaviour
persist
-acquire knowledge
of adaptative
behaviour
5. Behaviour
5.1. Nature of Behaviour
5.2.Instinct & Learning
5 .3.Categories of Learning
5.4. Altruism
5.5.Adaptative behaviour
Lecture
Practical
Tutorial
5
6. Vertebrates anatomy
& physiology
-differentiate sexual
and asexual
reproduction
-give account of
gonads and gametes
-define fertilization
and recall cleavage
upto formation of 3
germ layers
-state the general
outline of embryonic
differentiation and
the fate of three
germ layers
6.1.Animal reproduction &
development
6.1.1.Reproduction
- Asexual reproduction
-Sexualreproduction
6.1.2.Gonads
6.1.3.Gametes
6.1.4.Fertilization &
Development
6.1.5.General outline of
Embryonic
Differentiation in a
vertebrate
Lecture
Practical
Tutorial
White
board,
OHP,
handouts,
LCD&
computer,
microscope
& slides
4
2
-Describe the basic
structure of
vertebrate skin
-know the
derivatives of
mammalian skin
6.2. Integumentary System
6.2.1.Basic structure of the
vertebrate integument
6.2.2.The skin of mammal
6.2.3.Derivatives of the
integument
6.2.4.Functions of the
Lecture
Practical
Tutorial
White
board,OHP
,handouts,
LCD&com
puter,
microscope
& slides
3
2

-39-
-recognize the
functions of
vertebrate
integument.
Integument
-recall bone
morphology in
general
-recallthefunctions
of bone with
cartilage
-recognize the two
types of skeleton in
vertebrate
-state the functions
of the skeleton
-recall the functions
of parts of skeleton
-know thelimbs of
vertebrates are built
in common
structural pattern
-distinguish the
structure and types
of joints
6.3. Skeletal System
6.3.1. Skeleton in general
bone morphology
6.3.2.Functions of bone
6 .3.3.The skeletal system
6.3.4.Functions oftheskeleton
6.3.5.Axial skeletal system
appendicular system
6.3.6.Limbs
6.3.7.Joints
Lecture
Practical
Tutorial
White
board,
OHP,
handouts,
LCD&
computer,
microscope
& slides,
specimens
4
2
-recall the muscle
types in mammal
-know the functions
of muscle
-describe how the
muscles are attached
to the bone firmly.
-state antagonistic
muscles and
locomotion
6.4 Muscular System
6.4.1.Muscle types in
mammal
6.4.2.Functions of muscle
6.4.3.Coordination of the
skeleton ,muscle and
movement
6.4.4.Antagonistic muscles
Lecture
Practical
Tutorial
White
board,
OHP,
handouts,
LCD&
computer,
microscope
& slides,
specimens
3
2
-know the main
processes in
nutrition
-know the
compartments of
digestive system and
their digestive
processes
-recognize the
typical general
6.5. Digestive system
6.5.1.The processes of
Nutrition in holozoic
animal
6.5.2.Alimentary canal of
mammal
-buccopharyngeal
cavity
-pharynx
-oesophagus
-stomach
-intestine
6.5.3.Generalstructure of
Lecture
Practical
Tutorial
White
board,
OHP,
handouts,
LCD&
computer,
microscope
& slides,
specimens
8
4

-40-
pattern of gut wall
-define nutrition and
digestion
-know the
nutritional
requirements of
most animals
-categorize the types
of food according to
their utility in the
body
-know organs
specialized for
sequential stages of
digestion
-acquireknowledge
of structure of teeth
and adaptations of
vertebratedigestive
systems correlate
with diet
alimentary canal
6.5.4.Digestive glands
6.5.5.Nutrition and Digestion
6.5.6.Nutrition in animals
6.5.7.Ingestion and digestion
of food
6.5.8. Absorption, assimilation
and egestion
6.5.9.Food
6.5.10.Structure of teeth
6.5.11.Dental adaptations
-define respiration
-know the phases in
the processes of
respiration
-explain the
respiratory system
of mammal
- describe the
mechanism of
breathing
6.6. Respiratory system
6.6.1.Respiration and phases
in the process respiration
6.6.2.Respiratory system of
mammal
6.6.3.Mechanism of
breathing
Lecture
Practical
Tutorial
White
board,
OHP,
handouts,
LCD&
computer,
microscope
& slides,
specimens
3
2
-know the
components and
functions of blood
-differentiate types
of circulation
-differentiate types
of vessels and their
functions
-differentiate
circulation in
foetus and changes
after birth
-know name of
vessel and
distribution
-describe the
6.7. Circulatory system
6.7.1.Components of the
circulatory system
6.7.2.Functions of the blood
- blood clotting
- stem cells
6.7.3.Open and closed
circulation
6.7.4.Single and double
circulation
6.7.5.Artery, capillary and
vein
6.7.6. Circulatory system of
mammal
6.7.7. Foetal circulation and
changes after birth
6.7.8.Mammalian heart
Lecture
Practical
Tutorial
White
board,
OHP,
handouts,
LCD&
computer,
microscope
& slides,
specimens
White
board,
OHP,
handouts,
LCD&
computer,
microscope
8
4
4

-41-
external and internal
structure of
mammalian heart
related to function
-describe the
lymphatic in
correlation with
blood capillaries and
tissue cells
-recognize the
excretory organs and
how they excrete
their wastes
-know the general
structure of
mammalian
excretory system
-know the structure
and function of
nephron
-describe the
structure of types of
vertebrate kidney
6.7.9.Lymphatic system
6.8. Excretory system
6.8.1.Excretory organs the
saste materials of the
body
6.8.2.Mammalian excretory
system
6.8.3.Structure and function
of nephron
6.8.4.Types of vertebrate
kidney
Lecture
Practical
Tutorial
& slides,
specimens
4
2
-know the general
organization of the
nervous system
-describe part of a
neuron and types of
neuron
-explain nerve,
nerve impulse, the
synapse
-explain the major
divisions of the
nervous system
-explain the
structure and
functions of brain
-tabulate the cranial
nerves of a mammal
with nature, origin
and distribution
-describe briefly the
autonomic nervous
system and
6.9. Nervous system
6.9.1.The nervous system
neurons
6.9.2.Parts of neuron
6.9.3.Types of neuron
6.9.4.Nerve, nerve impulse,
the synapse
6.9.5.The nervous system
Central nervous system
-the brain
-functions of brain
- cranial nerves of mammal
Peripheral nervous system
-autonomic nervous system
Lecture
Practical
Tutorial
White
board,
OHP,
handouts,
LCD&
computer,
microscope
& slides,
specimens
8
4

-42-
differentiate the
effect of
sympatheticandparas
ympathetic nervous
system.
-recall the two
control systems
-acquire knowledge
of hormone,
hierarchy of
endocrine control
and nervous and
endocrine
cooperation
-list and explain the
endocrine glands in
vertebrates
concerning with
structure, secreted
hormones and
functions
6.10. Endocrine system
6.10.1.Hormones and nerves
6.10.2.Hormones
6.10.3.Glands of Endocrine
system
Lecture
Practical
Tutorial
White
board,
OHP,
handouts,
LCD&
computer,
microscope
& slides,
specimens
5
2
7.
-Definition
ofparasite,
host,zoonosis,
vector, carrier,and
host
-classify the
parasite, host and
relationship b/t
parasite and host
-describe the
morphology,
lifecycle,
pathogenicity and
prophylaxis of
E.histolytica,
Plasmodium,Ascaris
,Wuchereria,Entero
bius
7. Parasitology
7.1 Study of parasite,and
host, zoonosis , vector,
carrier and host,
classes of parasite
classes of host,
relationship between
parasites and their host
7.2.. Entamoeba histolytica
7.3.Plasmodium
74.Ascaris lumbricoides
7.5.Wuchereria bancrofti
7.6.Enterobius vermicularis
Lecture
Practical
Tutorial
White
board,
OHP,
handouts,
LCD&
computer,
microscope
& slides,
specimens
8
4
8.
-define insect vector
-classify and explain
the morphology,
habit and habitat and
life cycle of
mosquitoes,
housefly and flea
-know the diseases
caused by
8. Insect vector
8.1.Mosquito
-classification
-life cycle
-mosquitoes and
disease
-control
-differentiation of
Anopheles, Culex and
Aedes
Lecture
Practical
Tutorial
White
board,
OHP,
handouts,
LCD&
computer,
microscope
& slides,
specimens
8
4

-43-
mosquitoes,
housefly and flea
-state control
measures of
mosquitoes, house
fly and fleas
-be aware of these
insect vectors
inhabit in human
dwelling
8.2.House fly
-classification
-geographical distribution
-life cycle
-mouthparts of housefly
-housefly and diseases
-control
8.3.Xenopsylla cheopis
-classification
-morphology
-internal anatomy of flea
-life cycle
- plague
-control
9.
-know the scope of
ecology
-know the
interaction of
organisms and the
environment limit
the distribution of
species
9. Ecology
9.1.Ecology
9.2.Interaction b/t organisms
and environment
9.3.Community ecology and
zoonotic diseases
9.4.Factors regulating
human population.
Lecture
Practical
Tutorial
White
board,
OHP,
handouts,
LCD&
computer,
4
Hours
Lecture/Tutorial/Revision 92
Practical/Discussion 48
Total 140
ASSESSMENT
1. Formatic Assessment
1.1. Theory Tests (MCQ, MEQ)
1.2. Practical Test
2. Summatic Assessment
2.1. Class Test (2-Hours) - 3 times = 20%
2.2. Practical Test (2-Hours) - 1 time = 10%
2.3. Final Examination
- Theory Exam (MCQ, MEQ – 3 Hours) = 50%
- Practical Exam (2 Hours) = 20%
3. Criteria for Pass, Distinction and Credit
3.1. Passed mark = 50 % (each compartment)
3.2. Distinction mark = 80 % (each compartment)
3.3. Credit mark = 65 % (all compartments)
3.4. Moderation mark = 40 % (each compartment)
3.6. In supplementary examination = less than 59

-44-
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
No. SLO Topics /Contents Method Media Hours
1.
2.
At the end of the topic,
the students must be able
to know the importance
of plants in human life.
At the end of the session,
the students must be able
to:
(1) know the structure of
a plant cell.
(2) understand the
function of organelles.
(3) know the nucleus is
the control centre of
the cell.
(4) know the plant cell is
distinguished form the
animal cell by the
presence of plastids, a
large water filled
vacuole, and cell-wall.
(5) describe the structure
and function of
plastids note that
plastids are found
only in the plant cell.
(6) recognize vacuolar
contents and
distinguish the non-
living component of
plant cell which are
the basic requirements
of human.
(7) understand the cell
cycle and cell
division.
(8) state the differences
between mitosis and
meiosis.
1.The science of Biology
2.Structure and function
of some living and non-
living components of
the plant cell.
2.1 Living components
2.1.1. Protoplasm
(cytoplasm+
nucleus)
2.1.2. Plastids
2.1.3. Organelles
(Structure &
function)
2.1.3.1.Mitochon-
dria
2.1.3.2.Ribosomes
2.1.3.3.Golgi body
2.1.3.4.Centro-
somes
2.1.3.5.Endo-
plasmic
reticulum
2.2. Non-living components
2.2.1 Cell wall
2.2.2 Vacuole
2.2.3.Ergastic
substances which
are the basic
requirements
of human.
2.2.3.1.Carbo-
hydrates
2.2.3.2.Fats and
oils
2.2.3.3Nitrogenous
materials
2.2.3.4.Other cell
products
2.3.The plant cell cycle
and cell division
2.3.1. Mitosis
2.3.2. Meiosis
2.3.3. Differences
between mitosis
and meiosis
Lecture
Lecture
&
Practical
OHP
LCDP
Micro-
scope
OHP
LCDP
Micro-
scope
1
14
8

-45-
At the end of the course, the learner should be able to:
Knowledge
1. describe the characteristics of life and living processes.
2. describe the basic knowledge of living organisms important to medical sciences.
3. describe the physiological changes in plants which are similar to other organisms.
4. recall the basic principles of heredity and to apply it in solving elementary genetic problems.
5. describe the medicinally important plants , their constituents and their uses.
6. understand the magnitude of pollution problems in our environment.
Skill
1. make accurate identification of cells and tissues of living materials.
2. perform and interpret specific botanical laboratory tests and procedures.
Attitude
1. establish a habit of methodological scientific approach, namely, accurate observation and
drawing of valid conclusions.
2. believe and adopt the role of prevention in environmental pollution.
3. believe and accept the medicinal value of plants.
Department of Botany
Programme Structure
Sr.No. Topics Lecture Practical Hours
1. The Science of Biology 1 - 1
2. Structure and function of the components
of the plant cell 14 8 22
3. Genetics 20 8 28
4. Plant physiology 20 8 28
5. Non-cellular level and cellular level 12 4 16
6. Medicinal effects of some lower& higher
plants 10 4 14
7. Ecology 9 4 13
8. Plant behaviour 2 - 2
9. Tests
6 2 8
10. Revision 4 4 8
Total 98 42 140

-46-
DEPARTMENT OF BOTANY
UNIVERSITY OF DENTAL MEDICINE, YANGON & MANDALAY
First Year B.D.S
Sr.
No
Topics and Contents
Time
allotment Total
hrs.
L T P
1.
2.
3.
Importance of plants
Structure and function of some living and non- living
components of the plant cell.
2.1 Living components
2.1.1 Protoplasm ( cytoplasm + nucleus )
2.1.2. Plastids
2.1.3. Organelles ( Structure & function )
2.1.3.1.Mitochondria
2.1.3.2.Ribosomes
2.1.3.3.Golgi body
2.1.3.4.Centrosomes
2.1.3.5.Endoplasmic recticulum
2.2 Non-living components
2.2.1 Cell wall
2.2.2 Vacuole
2.2.3. Ergastic substances
which are the basic requirements of human.
2.2.3.1.Carbohydrates
2.2.3.2.Fats and Oils
2.2.3.3.Nitrogenous materials
2.2.3.4.Other cell products
2.3.The plant cell cycle and cell division
2.3.1. Mitosis
2.3.2. Meiosis
2.3.3. Differences between mitosis and meiosis
Patterns of inheritance
3.1 Physical nature of genes &chromosomes
3.1.1. nucleic acids (DNA, RNA)
3.1.2.From genotype to phenotype
3.2 Mendel's Laws
3.2.1 Mendel's first and second Laws
3.3 Complementary genes
3.3.1. Epistasis
Dominant epistasis
Recessive epistasis
.
1
14
20
- 8
8
1
22
28

-47-
Sr.
No
Topics and Contents
Time
allotment Total
hrs.
L T P
4.
5.
3.4. Multiple alleles.
3.4.1.Human blood groups
3.4.2. Rh factors
3.5. Lethal genes
3.5.1 In man
3.6. Sex-determination
3.7. Sex-linked genes
3.8. Disjunction & non - disjunction
3.9. Genetic code
3.10. Mutation and genetic variability
3.11. Genetic engineering
4.1.The chemical building blocks of life .
4.1.1.The principle types of biological molecules.
4.2. Different types of pressure system
4.2.1 Diffusion
4.2.2 Osmosis
4.2.3 Plasmolysis
4.2.4 Imbibition
4.2.5 Turgor pressure
4.3. Compounds essential for life processes.
4.3.1 Enzymes
4.3.2.Vitamins
4.3.3. Plant hormones
4.4.Capturing energy from the sun
4.4.1.Energy in living systems
4.4.2.Synthesis of organic molecules
Prokaryotes and Eukaryotes
5.1. Prokaryotes (Bacteria,Cyanobacteria)
5.2. Eukaryotes ( Algae, Spirogyra, Diatoms )
5.3.Fungi
5.3.1. Yeast
5.3.2. Penicillium
5.3.3. Agaricus
5.3.4. Morphological differences between edible
and non - edible mushrooms
20
12
-
8
4
28
16

-48-
Sr.
No
Topics and Contents
Time
allotment Total
hrs.
L T P
6.
7.
8.
9.
Medicinal plants
6.1 Medicinal effects of some lower plants.
6.2 Medicinal effects of some Higher plants.
6.2.1 Allium sativum Linn. (Kyet-thon-phyu)
6.2.2 Aloe vera Linn. (Sharzaung-let-pat)
6.2.3 Centella asiatica ( L.)Urban.(Myin-Khwar-
Gyi )
6.2.4 Curcuma longa Linn.( Na-nwin )
6.2.5 Piper betle Linn.( Kun )
6.2.6 Orthosiphon stamineus Benth. (se- cho)
6.2.7 Momordica charantia Linn.( kyet-hin-ga )
6.2.8 Morinda citrifolia Linn. (Yeyo)
6.2.9 . Psidium guajava Linn. (Mar-la-kar)
6.2.10.Garcinia mangostana Linn. (Min-goot)
6.2.11 Ixora sp.
6.2.12 Scoparia dulcis Linn
6.2.13 Syzygium aromaticum (L) Merr.
syn.Eugenia caryophyllata Thumb.
Ecology
7.1 Ecological factors
7.2.Food chain, food web, food cycle.
7.2 Ecological plant groups
7.3 Pollutions- Pollutants
7.3.1. air pollution
7.3.2. water pollution
7.3.3. noise pollution
7.4 Conservation, new foods and energy sources
Plant behavior
8.1. Definition
8.2 Plant exhibit positive and negative Tropisms.
8.3. Rapid plant responses by changes in water
pressure
Revision
10
9
2
4
-
-
4
4
-
4
14
13
2
8

-49-
Total Teaching Hours
Sr.No. Contents Total hours
1. Theory 88
2. Practical 36
3. Theory Tests I, II, III 6
4. Practical Test 2
5. Revisions 8
Total 140
TEACHING STRATEGY
(a) Material (Content)
(b) Methods
- Lecture and Practical
(c) Media
- Visual presenter, white board, marker pen, overhead projector, LCD projector,
transparencies,
soft pen, Models, specimens, charts, microscope and prepared slides and apparatus.
ASSESSMENTS
1.Formative
The class tests consists of
(i) Written paper ( MCQ, MSQ, Short Essay )
(ii) Practical test
2.Summative
- Promotion examination
The final examination consists of
(i) one 3-hour theory paper (MCQ,MSQ, Short Essay )
(ii) one 2-hour practical paper
Weightage for the final examination
Class Work 30%
- Practical Test ………........ 10 %
- Theory Test I + II + III…… 20%

-50-
1. Formative assessment
Class Work
Theory test I +II +III …………………… 20%
Practical test ……………………… 10%
……………
30%
2. Summative assessment
One Final examination at the end of the academic year.
2.1. Theory Exam 3 hours
Method Written
Instrument MCQ, MSQ, Short Essay
2.2. Practical Exam 2 hours
Method Demonstration
Weightage
Theory …………………….50%
Practical …………………….20%
3.Criteria
3.1. Pass mark ……………………………………50
3.2. Moderation mark…………………………… 46
3.3. Distinction ………………………………….. 80
3.4. F System ……………..…………………… 2F
If fails 3 ( subjects out of 7 ) student who failed in Botany will have to sit for
supplementary
Botany paper.
SUPPLEMENTATION
6 weeks after the announcement of final examination result.
For repeaters- No distinction and only 59% & < 59%
Compartment System
Moderation 46%
Class Work - 30%............. 13.8
Final Theory - 50% ……….23.0
Practical - 20% ……… 9.2
………………………..
46
Distinction 80% & above in every compartment
Class Work - 30% ……..24
Final Theory - 50% ……..40
Practical - 20% ……..16
………………………….
80

-51-
Question Format
Time allowed 3 hours
Section A
MCQ ( 40 minutes )
T/ F 1 stem, 5 items: 40 items giving 0.5 mark for each ……………………… 20 marks
Section B ( 2 1
/3 hrs.)
Short questions - answer 6 questions giving 5 marks for each ……….…… 30 marks
Short essay questions - answer 5 questions giving 10 marks for each ……… 50 marks
Question weightage UDM (YANGON) 50 %, UDM (MANDALAY) 50 %

-52-
BIOMEDICAL SCIENCE MATHEMATICS AND STATISTICS
At the end of the first year B.D.S course in Mathematics, the student should be able to:
Knowledge
Acquire the basic mathematical concepts which will later be useful in its application to
medical sciences.
Skill
Apply the knowledge of mathematics in solving the problems.
Attitude
1. Developed skills in computing methods and techniques associated with information
on practical work and research.
2. Achieve a habit of going through a process of logical thinking by training in
mathematical reasoning and thus make correct decisions suitable to circumstances.
3. Attain basic skills in mathematical modeling and interpretation of results in
medical sciences.

-53-
DEPARTMENT OF MATHEMATICS
Curriculum
Programme Structure
SIO Content Lectu
re
Discussi
on
Tot
al
Mathematical Logic
1. to know the concept of statement
2. to realize relationship among
statements using logical
connectives
3. to find out the opposition of
quantified statements
Mathematical Logic
Core (Must Know)
Statements and Truth tables
Conditional Statements
Open Sentences
Quantified Statements
Validity of an argument
5 2 7
Probability
1. to apply the fruitfulness of
permutation and combination in
order to solve problems concerning
probability
2. to know the conditional
probability involving independent
and dependent events
3. to use inductive reasoning in
practical situations
Probability
Core (Must Know)
Fundamental Principle
Permutation, Combination
Conditional Probability
Independent
and Department Events
7 3 10
Statistics
1. to construct histograms using
given frequency distribution
2. to measure the central tendencies
such as mean, median and mode
3. to compute percentage ogive for
given frequency distribution
4. to know the concept of standard
deviation
5. to explore probability distribution
of discrete r . v with very thin
margin achievement in a lot of
experiments by using Poisson
Distribution
6. to know the concept of normal
distribution and some of its
mathematical properties
Statistics
Mean, Median, Mode
Quartiles, Percentiles,
Interquartile
Range, The Mean Deviation
from the
Mean, Standard Deviation,
The Variance
Standard Deviation data in the
form of a
Frequency Distribution
Probability Distribution
Discrete and Continuous
Random Variables
Probability Density Function
Expectation of x and f(x)
Variance of Random Variable
Cumulative Distribution
Function
Expectation and Variance of
two Independent
Random Variables
Distribution
Binomial Distribution
Use of Poisson Distribution
- The Distribution of random
events
- Approximation to Binomial
Distribution
Normal Distribution
Standard normal distribution
Function of standard normal
variable
Use of standard normal tables
Estimation
6
6
4
6
3
3
2
2
9
9
6
8

-54-
- Confidence Interval for
population mean μ
- Types of Errors.
1 1 2
4
SIO Content
Lectu
re
Discussi
on
Tota
l
Integral Calculus
1. to know the concept of
integration as an inverse function
of derivative
2. to know integration formulae and
to produce properties of integral
3. to apply the method of
substitution and integration by
parts in order to evaluate integrals
of some function
4. to apply above results to evaluate
areas under smooth curves
Integral Calculus
Core (Must Know)
Integration Formula,
Properties of Integral
Constant of Integration
Method of Substitution,
Integration by parts
Area under the Curve
6 3 9
Revision 2 2
Total Hours 42 18 60

-55-
Teaching Methodology
1. Lectures
2. Problem solving assignments
Teaching Aids
1. Whiteboard and Marker
2. Handouts
Evaluation ( Student Assessment )
1. Class Work (30 %) + Final Examination (70%) = Total (100 %) Three Class-tests
2. Only the examination at the end of the academic year with supplementary examination.
3. Two-hours- theory paper
Criteria
Pass marks ( Class work 15% + Final examination 35%) 50%
F - system 2 F
Compartment Supplementary Exam - If fail 3 subjects out of 7subjects
1F - If fail 4 subjects out of 7 subjects
Student Assessment
1. Formative assessment
Class Work weightage
Test I 10%
Test II 10%
Test III 10%
30%
2. Summative assessment weightage
Final examination at the end of academic year 70%

-56-
Criteria
Pass marks - 50 marks
Final Exam - 35 marks
Class Work - 15 marks
Moderate - 46 marks
Distinction
Final Exam - 56 marks
Class Work - 24 marks
Question Type
Two-hours-theory paper. There are ( 5 ) questions. Each question includes-
(a) simple and easy questions, based on basic concepts
(b) application of basic concepts in problems.

-57-
DEPARTMENT OF ANATOMY
No. SLO Topic/Contents Method Media Hours
1. 1. Explain the exact
meanings of
anatomical terms
and use them
correctly
1. General anatomy
1.1. Introduction to
anatomy
1.1.1. Anatomical terms
and planes
Lecture Overhead
projector,
Whiteboard,
LCD
projector
2.5 Hrs
2. 1. Define and
classify bone
and cartilage
2. Describe the
parts of growing
long bone and
its blood supply
3. Summarize their
functions
4. Know
differences
between bone
and cartilage
5. Indicate
ossification
centre and law of
ossification
6. Correlate the
knowledge in
applied anatomy
of bone
1.2. Bone and cartilage
1.2.1. Introduction and
functions of bone
1.2.2. Classification of
bones
1.2.3. Parts of a young
long bone and its
blood supply
1.2.4. Development of
bone
1.2.5. Introduction to
cartilage
1.2.6. Different types of
cartilages
1.2.7. Gross anatomical
differences between
bone and cartilage
Lecture,
Discussion
Overhead
projector,
Whiteboard,
LCD
projector,
Bones
2.5 Hrs
3. 1. Define and
classify joints
2. Describe the
characteristics of
3 types of joints
and their
stalosiling
3. Explain the
stablility of
synovial joint
4. Correlate the
knowledge in
applied anatomy
1.3. Joints
joints
1.3.2. Fibrous joints
1.3.3. Cartilaginous
joints
1.3.4. Synovial joints
" " 2.5 Hrs

-58-
4. 1. Define and
classify muscles
2. Describe the
characteristics of
each type of
muscle
3. Describe the
blood and nerve
supply of
muscles
4. Correlate the
knowledge in
applied anatomy
1.4. Muscles
1.4.1. Skeletal muscle
1.4.2. Smooth muscle
1.4.3. Cardiac muscle
1.4.4. Applied anatomy
Lecture,
Discussion
Overhead
projector,
Whiteboard,
LCD
projector
2.5 Hrs
5. 1. Define and
classify artery,
vein and
lymphatics
2. Differentiate
between artery
and vein
3. Define end
arteries and
anastomosis
4. Explain
capillaries,
sinusoids,
cavernous tissue
and valves
5. Correlate the
knowledge in
applied anatomy
1.5. Circulatory system,
Blood vessels and
lymph vessels
1.5.1. Types of
circulations
1.5.2. Arteries
1.5.3. Veins
1.5.4. Miscellaneous
types of vessels
1.5.5. Gross differences
between artery and
vein
1.5.6. Lymphatic system
of the vascular system
" " 3.5 Hrs
6. 1. Classify nervous
system
2. Compare CNS
and PNS
3. Describe the
spinal nerves
1.6. Nervous system
1.6.1. Central nervous
system
1.6.2. Peripheral nervous
system
1.6.3. Somatic and
autonomic nervous
systems
1.6.4. Typical spinal
nerve
" " 2.5 Hrs

-59-
7. 1. Define and
classify epithelial
tissue
2. Describe the
structure and
functions of
different types of
covering and
lining epithelium
3. List the different
types of glands
4. Describe the
functions of the
glands
5. Define and
classify exocrine
and endocrine
glands
6. Compare the
histology and
functions of
mucous and
serous types of
glands
1.7. Epithelial tissue
1.7.1. Introduction
1.7.2. Covering and
lining epithelium
1.7.2.1. Simple
epithelium
1.7.2.2. Stratified
epithelium
1.7.2.3.
Pseudostratified
epithelium
1.7.3. Glandular
epithelium
1.7.3.1. Exocrine
glands
1.7.3.2. Endocrine
glands
Lecture,
Histology
practical
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Microscopes,
Histological
slides
5.0 Hrs
8. 1. Define and
classify
connective tissue
cells and fibres,
and their
examples
2. Describe the
osteon and
histological
structure of
compact bone
3. Describe the
histological
structure of 3
types of cartilage
and places they
are found
1.8. Connective tissue,
bone and cartilage
1.8.1. Embryonic
connective tissue
1.8.2. Adult connective
tissue
1.8.2.1. Ordinary
connective tissue
1.8.2.2. Specialized
connective tissue
1.8.2.3. Connective
tissue fibres
1.8.3. Histology of
compact bone
1.8.4. Histology of three
types of cartilage
" " 3.5 Hrs

-60-
9. 1. Compare the
histological
characteristics of
skeletal, cardiac
and smooth
muscles
1.9. Muscular tissue
1.9.1. Introduction
1.9.2. Histology of three
types of muscle
1.9.2.1. Skeletal
muscle
1.9.2.2. Smooth
muscle
1.9.2.1. Cardiac
muscle
Lecture,
Histology
practical
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Microscopes,
Histological
slides
2.5 Hrs
10. 1. Name the
different types of
arteries and veins
2. Describe the
histological
layers of the
different types of
the arteries and
veins
3. Describe the
histological
differences
between three
types of arteries
1.10. Heart and blood
vessels
1.10.1. Histology of
three types of arteries
three types of veins
heart
" " 2.5 Hrs
11. 1. Describe the
histology of
spleen, lymph
node, tonsil and
thymus
1.11.Histology of
lymphoid organs
lymph node
palatine tonsil
thymus
spleen
" " 3.5 Hrs
12. 1. Describe the
neurone,
histological
characteristics
and differences
of axons and
dendrites
2. Describe the
classification of
neurone and
nerve fibres, and
neuroglial cells
1.12. Histology of nervous
system
neurones
12.1.1. Classification
of neurones
nerve fibres
neuroglias
nerve endings
" " 2.5 Hrs

-61-
13. 1. Define epidermis
and dermis
2. Define and
describe the
layers of
epidermis and
dermis in thick
skin and thin
skin
3. Identify sweat
gland, sebaceous
gland and hair
follicle
4. List the functions
of skin
1.13. Histology of skin
1.13.1. Types of skin
1.13.2. Functions of skin
skin
1.13.3.1. Epidermis
1.13.3.2. Dermis
Lecture,
Histology
practical
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Microscopes,
Histological
slides
2.5 Hrs
14. 1. Define and
describe the
spermatogenesis,
spermiogenesis
and oogenesis
1.14. Gametogenesis
1.14.1. Spermatogenesis
1.14.2. Oogenesis
Lecture,
Discussion
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector
2.5 Hrs
15. 1. Describe the
ovarian cycle
and uterine
cycle, and
hormonal
control
2. Define and
describe normal
fertilization,
results of
fertilization and
its clinical
correlation
3. Describe the
formation of
zygote, morula
and blastocyst
4. Describe the
process of
normal
implantation and
abnormal
implantation
sites
1.15. Reproductive cycle
and hormonal control,
Fertilization, cleavage
and implantation
1.15.1. Ovarian cycle
1.15.2. Fertilization
1.15.2.1. Phases of
fertilization
1.15.2.2. Results of
fertilization
1.15.2.3. Applied
anatomy
1.15.3. Cleavage
1.15.4. Implantation
1.15.4.1. Normal site
of implantation
1.15.4.2. Abnormal
sites of
implantation
1.15.4.3. Applied
anatomy
" " 3.5 Hrs

-62-
16. 1. Describe the
formation of
bilaminar germ
disc and
trilaminar germ
disc
2. Describe the
primitive streak,
primitive node
and notochord
3. Describe the
development of
somites
4. List the
derivatives of
three germ layers
1.16. Formation of germ
layers and their
derivatives
1.16.1. Formation of
bilaminar germ disc
trilaminar germ disc
1.16.2.1. Primitive
streak
1.16.2.2. Notochord
1.16.3. Somites
16.3.1. Formation
16.3.2. Differentiation
1.16.4. Derivatives of
three germ layers
Lecture,
Discussion
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector
6.0 Hrs
17. 1. Describe the
development of
trophoblast,
amnion, yolk sac,
chorion,
allantois,
umbilical cord
and their
functions
2. Describe the
normal placenta
and its functions
3. Describe the
abnormal
placenta types
1.17. Foetal membranes
1.17.1. Yolk sac
1.17.2. Amnion
1.17.2.1. Significance
of amniotic fluid
1.17.3. Chorion
1.17.4. Umbilical cord
1.17.5. Placenta
1.17.5.1. Full term
placenta
1.17.5.2.
Development
1.17.5.3. Functions
1.17.6. Allantois
" " 6.0 Hrs
18. 1. Describe the
causes of
teratogenesis and
factors
influencing
2. Describe and
define growth
and development
3. Describe types of
growth and
factors
influencing
1.18. Teratogenesis,
Growth and
development
1.18.1. Teratogenesis
1.18.1.1. Teratogens
1.18.1.2. Critical
periods of
development
1.18.2. Growth and
development
1.18.2.1. Types of
growth
1.18.2.2. Factors
influencing growth
" " 2.0 Hrs

-63-
19. 1. Define and
describe
chromosome and
gene
2. Describe the
classification of
chromosomes,
and
chromosomal
analysis
1.19. Genes and
chromosomes
1.19.1. Genes and
chromosomes
chromosomes
1.19.3. Chromosomal
analysis
1.19.3.1. Sex
chromatin study
1.19.3.2.
Chromosomal
banding
1.19.3.3. Indications
for chromosomal
analysis
Lecture,
Discussion
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector
2.5 Hrs
20. 1. Describe
numerical and
structural
abnormalities
2. Describe the
single gene
inheritance,
autosomal
dominant
inheritance and
autosomal
recessive
inheritance
3. Describe the sex-
linked
inheritance (sex-
linked dominant
and recessive)
1.20. Chromosomal
abnormalities and
genetic basis of
hereditary diseases
1.20.1. Chromosomal
abnormalities
1.20.1.1. Numerical
aberrations
1.20.1.2. Structural
abnormalities
1.20.1.3. Disorders of
autosomes
1.20.1.4. Sex
chromosomal
abnormalities
1.20.2. Single gene
inheritance
1.20.2.1. Autosomal
dominant
inheritance
1.20.2.2. Autosomal
recessive
inheritance
1.20.2.3. Sex-linked
inheritance
" " 3.5 Hrs
21. 1. Describe the
overall practical
points of view in
general anatomy
1.21. Practical overview Demonstration LCD
projector
3.0 Hrs

-64-
22. 1. Know the
sternum, ribs and
thoracic vertebrae
2. Describe the
structure of the
chest wall
2. Thorax
2.1. Bones of the thorax
and chest wall
2.1.1. Chest wall
2.1.1.1. Boundaries
2.1.1.2. Muscles
2.1.1.3. Vessels
2.1.1.4. Nerves
Lecture,
Discussion,
Demonstration
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Cadaver
3.5 Hrs
23. 1. Describe the
structure of the
mammary gland,
its blood supply,
nerve supply and
lymphatic
drainage, and
clinical
application
2.2. Breast
2.2.1. Structure of the
breast
2.2.2. Lymphatic
drainage of the breast
" " 2.5 Hrs
24. 1. Know the joints
of the thorax and
thoracic
movement during
ventilation
2.3. Mechanics of
respiration
2.3.1. Movements during
inspiration
2.3.2. Movements during
expiration
" " 2.5 Hrs
25. 1. Describe the
layers of pleura
and pleural cavity
2. Describe the
anatomical
differences of left
and right lungs
3. Define and
describe the
bronchopulmonar
y segments and
be aware of the
clinical
importance of BP
segments
4. Knows the
surface anatomy
of pleura and
lungs
2.4. Pleura and Lungs
2.4.1. Pleura
2.4.1.1. Structure
2.4.1.2. Surface
anatomy
2.4.2. Lungs
2.4.2.1. Gross
anatomy
2.4.2.2. Broncho-
pulmonary
segments
2.4.2.3. Surface
anatomy
" Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Cadaver,
Dissected
lungs
6.5 Hrs

-65-
26. 1. Define
mediastinum
divisions and
contents of
mdiastinum
2. Describe the
changes at the
level of sternal
angle
2.5. Mediastinum and its
divisions
2.5.1. Divisions of
mediastinum
2.5.2. Anatomical events
or changes at the level
of TV4
Lecture,
Discussion,
Demonstration
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Cadaver
2.5 Hrs
27. 1. Describe the
boundaries,
extent and
contents of
superior
mediastinum
2. Describe the arch
of aorta including
beginning,
ending, relations,
branches and
applied anatomy
2.6. Superior mediastinum
2.6.1. Boundaries and
contents of the
superior mediastinum
2.6.2. Arch of aorta
2.6.3. Trachea and
bronchi
" " 4.0 Hrs
28. 1. Describe the
layers of
pericardium and
pericardial space
2. Describe the
chambers of the
heart, coronary
vessels and
conducting
system of the
heart
3. Surface anatomy
of heart and its
valves
2.7. Middle mediastinum
2.7.1. Contents
pericardium
2.7.3. Heart
2.7.3.1. General
features
2.7.3.2. Chambers
2.7.3.3. Blood supply
2.7.3.4. Nerve supply
and conducting
system
2.7.3.5. Surface
anatomy
" Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Cadaver,
Dissected
heart
7.5 Hrs
29. 1. Describe the
contents of
posterior
mediastinum
(oesophagus,
thoracic duct,
azygos vein and
descending aorta)
and their clinical
application
2.8. Posterior
mediastinum
contents
2.8.2. Oesophagus
2.8.3. Descending
thoracic aorta
2.8.4. Azygos system of
veins
2.8.5. Thoracic duct
" Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Cadaver
7.5 Hrs

-66-
30. 1. Describe the
histological
layers of trachea,
bronchi,
bronchioles and
alveoli
2.9. Histology of
respiratory system
2.9.1. Histology of
trachea
2.9.2. Histology of main
bronchus
2.9.3. Histology of
intrapulmonary
bronchus
2.9.4. Histology of the
lung
Lecture,
Histology
practical
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Microscopes,
Histological
slides
3.5 Hrs
31. 1. Describe the
differences
between
sympathetic and
parasympathetic
nervous systems
2. Identify the
sympathetic chain
3. Correlate the
knowledge in
disorders of ANS
2.10. ANS of thorax
2.10.1. Sympathetic and
parasympathetic
nervous systems
2.10.2. Disorders of
autonomic nervous
system
Lecture,
Discussion,
Demonstration
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Cadaver
2.5 Hrs
32. 1. Define and
describe the gross
anatomy of
diaphragm
including parts
and apertures
2. Correlate the
knowledge of
anatomy of
diaphragm in
applied anatomy
2.11. Gross anatomy of
diaphragm
2.11.1. Structure
2.11.2. Apertures
" " 2.5 Hrs
33. 1. Describe the parts
of sternum and
thoracic vertebrae
2.12. Sternum and
thoracic vertebrae
2.12.1. Sternum
2.12.2. Thoracic
vertebrae
Demonstration White board,
Bones
1.5 Hrs
34. 1. Differentiate the
typical and
atypical ribs
2. Describe the parts
of the ribs
2.13. Ribs
2.13.1. Typical ribs
2.13.2. Atypical ribs
" " 1.5 Hrs

-67-
35. 1. Describe the
overall practical
points of view in
thorax
projector
3.0 Hrs
36. 1. Describe the
layers of anterior
abdominal wall
and
arrangements of
rectus abdominis
muscle and
anterolateral
abdominal wall
muscles
2. Describe the
formation
contents and
clinical
application of the
rectus sheath
3. Abdomen
3.1. Anterior abdominal
wall and Rectus sheath
3.1.1. Boundaries,
landmarks and fasciae
3.1.2. Muscles
3.1.3. Rectus sheath
3.1.3.1. Formation
3.1.3.2. Contents
3.1.3.3. Applied
anatomy
Lecture,
Discussion,
Demonstration
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Cadaver
5.0 Hrs
37. 1. Draw and
describe the nine
regions of the
anterior
abdominal wall
and structures
underlying each
region
3.2. Planes and nine
regions of the anterior
abdominal wall
3.2.1. Planes of the
anterior abdominal
wall
3.2.2. Nine regions of the
anterior abdominal
wall
3.2.3. Major contents of
each region
" " 2.5 Hrs
38. 1. Describe the
length,
boundaries and
contents of the
inguinal canal
and its clinical
applications
3.3. Inguinal canal and
inguinal hernia
inguinal canal
3.3.1.1. Length
3.3.1.2. Boundaries
3.3.1.3. Contents
3.3.2. Inguinal hernia
" " 5.0 Hrs

-68-
39. 1. Describe the
peritoneal cavity,
recesses and
clinical
application
2. Know the lesser
sac and greater
sac and opening
into the lesser
sac
3. Know the
retroperitoneal
and
intraperitoneal
structures
3.4. Peritoneum,
peritoneal spaces
3.4.1. Peritoneum and
peritoneal cavity
3.4.2. Divisions of
peritoneal cavity
3.4.3. Retroperitoneal
structures
3.4.4. Lesser sac
Lecture,
Discussion,
Demonstration
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Cadaver
5.0 Hrs
40. 1. Describe the
gross anatomy,
blood supply,
nerve supply and
lymphatic
drainage of
stomach and its
clinical
importance
3.5. Stomach
3.5.1. Gross anatomy
3.5.2. Blood supply,
nerve supply and
lymphatic drainage
" Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Cadaver,
Dissected
stomach
5.0 Hrs
41. 1. Describe the
subdivisions,
blood supply and
lymphtic
drainage of
duodenum and
its applied
anatomy
2. Describe the
relations of four
parts of the
duodenum
3.6. Duodenum
3.6.1. Divisions
3.6.2. Blood supply and
lymphatic drainage
3.6.3. Parts and relations
" Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Cadaver
2.5 Hrs
42. 1. Decsribe the
gross anatomy,
blood supply,
lymphatic
drainage and
differences
between jejunum
and ileum, and
its applied
anatomy
3.7. Jejunum and ileum
lymphatic drainage
differences between
jejunum and ileum
" Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Cadaver,
Dissected
small
intestine
2.5 Hrs

-69-
43. 1. Describe the
macroscopic
differences
between small
and large
intestines
2. Indicate the
clinical
importance of
positions of the
appendix
3.8. Large intestine
including caecum and
appendix
3.8.1. Parts and
characteristics
3.8.2. Vermiform
appendix
3.8.2.1. Positions of
the appendix
3.8.2.2. Applied
anatomy
differences between
small and large
intestines
Lecture,
Discussion,
Demonstration
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Cadaver,
Dissected
large
intestine
5.0 Hrs
44. 1. Describe the
lobes, surfaces
and hilum of the
liver
2. Describe the
parts of gall
bladder and
common bile
duct
3.9. Liver, gall bladder
and biliary system
3.9.1. Liver
3.9.1.1. Surfaces and
porta hepatis
3.9.2.2. Lobes
3.9.2. Gall bladder
3.9.2.1. Parts
3.9.3. Biliary tree
3.9.3.1. Parts
3.9.3.2. Common bile
duct
" Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Cadaver,
Dissected
organs
5.0 Hrs
45. 1. Describe the
parts of the
pancreas, and its
relations, blood
supply,
pancreatic duct
and functions
2. Describe the
poles, surfaces,
relations and
hilum of the
spleen
3.10. Pancreas and spleen
3.10.1. Gross anatomy of
the pancreas
3.10.1.1. Parts
3.10.1.2. Blood
supply
the spleen
3.10.2.1. Parts
3.10.2.2. Relations
3.10.2.3. Blood
supply
" " 3.5 Hrs

-70-
46. 1. Know the portal
system and
anastomotic sites
of portal
systemic
anastomosis
3.11. Portal vein and
porto-systemic
anastomosis
3.11.1. Portal vein
3.11.1.1. Formation
and peculiar
features
3.11.1.2. Tributaries
3.11.2. Porto-systemic
anastomoses
3.11.2.1 Sites
3.11.2.2. Applied
anatomy
Lecture,
Discussion,
Demonstration
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Cadaver
2.5 Hrs
47. 1. Describe the
structure,
relations, blood
supply and nerve
supply of the
kidney
2. Describe the
structure,
relations, blood
supply and nerve
supply of the
ureters
3. Know the
clinical
application of
kidney and
ureters
3.12. Kidneys and ureters
3.12.1. Kidney
3.12.1.1. Parts
3.12.1.2. Relations
3.12.1.3. Blood and
nerve supply
3.12.1.4. Applied
anatomy
3.12.2. Ureters
3.12.2.1. Extent and
constrictions
3.12.2.2. Parts and
relations
3.12.2.3. Blood
supply, nerve
supply and applied
anatomy
" Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Cadaver,
Dissected
kidneys
5.0 Hrs
48. 1. Identify the
suprarenal gland
2. Mention the
gross anatomy of
the suprarenal
gland including
their relations
and blood supply
3.13. Suprarenal glands
and relations of the
suprarenal glands
nerve supply and
applied anatomyof the
suprarenal glands
" " 1.0 Hrs
49. 1. To identify and
describe the male
and female
reproductive
organs
3.14. Male and female
genital organs
3.14.1. Male genital
organs
3.14.2. Female genital
organs
Lecture Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector
3.5 Hrs

-71-
50. 1. Describe the
layers of the gut
wall and indicate
their respective
functions
3.15. General plan of
histology of GIT
Lecture,
Histology
practical
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
microscopes,
histological
slides
2.5 Hrs
51. 1. Identify the
posterior
abdominal wall
muscles
2. Describe the
course, branches
and clinical
importance of the
abdominal aorta
3. Describe the
formation,
course, relations,
tributaries and
clinical
importance of
inferior vena
cava
3.16. Posterior abdominal
wall
posterior abdominal
wall
3.16.2. Abdominal aorta
3.16.2.1. Course and
branches
3.16.2.2. Applied
anatomy
3.16.3. Inferior vena
cava
3.16.3.1. Formation,
course and
relations
3.16.3.2. Applied
anatomy
Lecture,
Discussion,
Demonstration
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Cadaver
2.5 Hrs
52. 1. Describe the
characteristic
features of the
typical and
atypical lumbar
vertebrae
3.17. Lumbar vertebrae
3.17.1. Typical lumbar
vertebrae
3.17.2. Atypical lumbar
vertebra
Bones
1.5 Hrs
53. 1. Describe the
overall practical
points of view in
abdomen
3.18. Practical overview " LCD
projector
3.0 Hrs

-72-
54. 1. Describe the
skull as a whole
and foramina of
the skull
2. Describe the
anterior, middle
and posterior
cranial fossae
3. Describe the
facial skeleton:
maxilla and
mandible
individually
4. Describe the
characteristic
features of the
typical and
atypical cervical
vertebrae
4. Head and neck
4.1. Bones of Head and
Neck and Cranial
fossae
4.1.1. Skull as a whole
4.1.2. Foramina of the
skull
4.1.3. Cranial fossae
4.1.3.1. Anterior
cranial fossa
4.1.3.2. Middle
cranial fossa
4.1.3.3. Posterior
cranial fossa
4.1.4. Maxilla
4.1.5. Mandible
4.1.6. Cervical vertebrae
4.1.6.1. Typical
cervical vertebrae
4.1.6.2. Atypical
cervical vertebrae
Bones
9.0 Hrs
55. 1. Describe the
layers, blood
supply, nerve
supply and
clinical
imporatnce of the
scalp
4.2. Scalp
4.2.1. Layers
nerve supply and
lymphatic drainage
Lecture,
Discussion,
Demonstration
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Cadaver
2.5 Hrs
56. 1. Describe the
facial muscles,
their actions and
their nerve
supply
4.3. Face, facial muscles
and vessels
4.3.1. Facial muscles
4.3.2. Blood and nerve
supply of the face
4.3.3.1. Dangerous
area of the face
" " 2.5 Hrs
57. 1. Describe the
layers and
attachments of
cervical fascia
and facial spaces
including its
applied anatomy
4.4. Cervical fascia
4.4.1. Layers
4.4.1.1. General
investing fascia
4.4.1.2. Pretracheal
fascia
4.4.1.3. Prevertebral
fascia
4.4.1.4. Carotid
sheath
of the cervical fascia
" " 2.5 Hrs

-73-
58. 1. Describe the
boundaries and
contents of the
posterior and
suboccipital
triangles of the
neck and its
clinical
importance
4.5. Posterior and
suboccipital triangles of
the neck
4.5.1. Posterior triangle
of the neck
4.5.1.1. Boundaries
and subdivisions
4.5.1.2. Contents
4.5.1.3. Applied
anatomy
4.5.2. Suboccipital
triangle
4.5.1.1. Boundaries
4.5.1.2. Contents
4.5.1.3. Applied
anatomy
Lecture,
Discussion,
Demonstration
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Cadaver
2.5 Hrs
59. 1. Mention the
anterior triangle
of the neck with
its boundaries
2. Mention the
subdivisions of
the anterior
triangle of the
neck with their
boundaries,
contents and
clinical
application
4.6. Anterior triangle of
the neck
subdivisions
contents of the
subdivisions
of the subdivisions
" " 2.5 Hrs
60. 1. Define the
parotid gland,
parotid duct and
its surface
anatomy
2. Mention the
relations, blood
supply,
lymphatic
drainage and
nerve supply of
the parotid gland
and its applied
anatomy
4.7. Parotid gland
4.7.2. Parotid duct
4.7.3. Relations and
structures traversing
lymphatic drainage
and nerve supply
" " 2.5 Hrs

-74-
61. 1. Describe the
facial nerve
including its
nuclei, origin,
relations
(intracranial and
extracranial
courses),
branches and
distribution
2. Describe the
lesions of the
facial nerve
4.8. Facial nerve
4.8.1. Functional
components and
nuclear origin
4.8.2. Intracranial part
and branches
4.8.3. Extracranial part
and branches
Lecture,
Discussion,
Demonstration
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Cadaver
2.5 Hrs
62. 1. Describe the
gross anatomy of
the temporo-
mandibular joint
and its applied
anatomy
4.9. Temporo-mandibular
joint
4.9.1. Formation and
relations
4.9.2. Movements and
stability
nerve supply
" " 2.5 Hrs
63. 1. Describe the
muscles of
mastication
including types,
origin, insertion,
action, nerve
supply, blood
supply and their
clinical
application
4.10. Muscles of
mastication
4.10.1. Temporalis
4.10.2. Masserter
4.10.3. Lateral pterygoid
4.10.4. Medial pterygoid
" " 2.5 Hrs
64. 1. Describe the
trigeminal nerve,
its 3 divisions,
and their courses,
relations,
branches,
distributions and
applied anatomy
4.11. Trigeminal nerve
4.11.1. Nuclear origin,
divisions and area of
supply
4.11.2. Ophthalmic nerve
4.11.3. Maxillary nerve
4.11.4. Mandibular nerve
" " 3.5 Hrs

-75-
65. 1. Describe the
parasympathetic
ganglia of head
and neck
associated with
trigeminal nerve
4.12. Parasympathetic
ganglia of head and
neck
4.12.1. Introduction
4.12.2. Ciliary ganglion
4.12.3. Pterygopalatine
ganglion
4.12.4. Otic ganglion
4.12.5. Submandibular
ganglion
Lecture,
Discussion
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Cadaver
1.0 Hrs
66. 1. List the layers of
meninges
2. List the paired
and unpaired
dural venous
sinuses
3. Describe the
cavernous sinus
with its clinical
importance
4.13. Meninges and
Venous sinuses of dura
mater
4.13.1. Layers of the
meninges
4.13.2. Dural venous
sinuses
4.13.2.1.
Characteristics
4.13.2.2. Paired and
unpaired sinuses
4.13.3. Cavernous sinus
4.13.3.1. Structure
and relations
4.13.3.2. Tributaries
and
communications
4.13.3.3. Applied
anatomy
Lecture,
Discussion,
Demonstration
" 2.5 Hrs
67. 1. Describe the
gross structures
of thyroid and
parathyroid, their
relations, blood
supply, nerve
supply and
clinical
importance
4. 14. Thyroid and
parathyroid glands
4.14.1. Thyroid gland
4.14.1.1. Parts,
relations and
coverings
4.14.1.2. Blood
supply, nerve
supply and
lymphatic drainage
4.14.1.3. Applied
anatomy
4.14.2. Parathyroid
glands
4.14.2.1. Sites, size
and shape
4.14.2.2. Blood
supply and applied
anatomy
" " 2.5 Hrs

-76-
68. 1. To define the
nose and nasal
cavity including
the boundaries of
the nasal cavity
2. Describe the
features found on
the lateral wall of
the nasal cavity
3. List the arteries
and nerves
supplying the
nasal cavity
4. Define and
describe the
paranasal air
sinuses
5. Descrive the
maxillary air
sinus with its
clinical
importance
4.15. Nose and Paranasal
air sinuses
4.15.1. Nose
4.15.1.1. External
nose
4.15.1.2. Nasal cavity
4.15.2. Paranasal sinuses
4.15.2.1. Frontal sinus
4.15.2.2. Ethmoidal
sinus
4.15.2.3. Sphenoidal
sinus
4.15.2.4. Maxillary
sinus
Lecture,
Discussion,
Demonstration
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Cadaver
3.5 Hrs
69. 1. Describe the oral
cavity including
the contents,
blood supply and
nerve supply
4.16. Oral cavity
4.16.1. Boundaries
4.16.2. Contents
4.16.3. Blood and nerve
supply
" " 2.5 Hrs
70. 1. Describe the
gross structure of
tongue, including
muscles of the
tongue, their
actions, nerve
supply (both
sensory and
motor) and blood
supply
2. Describe the
course, relations,
branches,
distribution and
applied anatomy
of the
hypoglossal
nerve
4.17. Tongue and
Hypoglossal nerve
4.17.1. Tongue
4.17.1.1. Parts,
components and
papillae
4.17.1.2. Muscles
4.17.1.3. Blood
supply, nerve
supply and
lymphatic drainage
4.17.1.4. Applied
anatomy
4.17.2. Hypoglossal
nerve
4.17.2.1. Nuclear
origin, course and
branches
4.17.2.2. Applied
anatomy
" " 2.5 Hrs

-77-
71. 1. Describe the
structure, blood
supply, nerve
supply and
clinical
application of
pharynx
2. Describe the
tonsil (palatine
tonsil) and the
Waldeyer's ring
4.18. Pharynx and tonsil
4.18.1. Pharynx
4.18.1.1. Structures
and muscles
4.18.1.2. Parts
4.18.2. Palatine tonsil
4.18.2.1. Gross
anatomy
4.18.2.2. Blood and
nerve supply, and
lymphatic drainage
4.18.2.3. Waldeyer’s
ring
Lecture,
Discussion,
Demonstration
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Cadaver
2.5 Hrs
72. 1. Describe the
structure, blood
supply, nerve
supply and
clinical
application of
larynx
4.19. Larynx
4.19.1. Cartilages and
muscles
4.19.2. Interior
nerve supply and
applied anatomy
" " 2.5 Hrs
73. 1. List the contents
of the orbit
2. List the layers of
the eyeball
including the
refractive media
3. Describe the
extraocular
muscles with
their actions,
nerve supply and
clinical
application
4.20. Eyeball and contents
of the orbit
4.20.1. Contents of orbit
4.20.2. Layer of eyeball
4.20.3. Extraocular
muscles
4.20.3.1. Levator
palpebrae
superioris
4.20.3.2. Four recti
4.20.3.3. Two
obliques
" " 3.5 Hrs
74. 1. List three parts
of the ear
2. Describe the
middle ear cavity
including its
boundaries,
contents, nerve
supply and
applied anatomy
3. Mention the
external and
inner ear
4.21. Ear
4.21.1. Parts of the ear
4.21.2. External ear
4.21.2.1. Tympanic
membrane
4.21.3. Middle ear cavity
4.21.3.1. Boundaries
4.21.3.2. Contents
4.21.3.3. Blood
supply, nerve
supply and
lymphatic drainage
4.21.3.4. Applied
anatomy
4.21.4. Internal ear
Lecture,Discus
sion
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector
2.5 Hrs

-78-
75. 1. Describe the
course, relations,
branches,
distribution and
applied anatomy
of the 3rd
, 4th
and
6th
cranial nerves
4.22. 3rd, 4th and 6th
cranial nerves
4.22.1. 3rd
cranial nerve
4.22.2. 4th
cranial nerve
4.22.3. 6th
cranial nerve
Lecture,
Discussion,
Demonstration
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Cadaver
1.0 Hrs
76. 1. Describe the
course, relations,
branches,
distribution and
applied anatomy
of the 9th
, 10th
and 11th
cranial
nerves
4.23. 9th, 10th and 11th
cranial nerves
4.23.1. 9th
cranial nerve
4.23.2. 10th
cranial nerve
4.23.3. 11th
cranial nerve
" " 1.0 Hrs
77. 1. Describe the
dermatomes of
head and neck
2. Mention the
dividing planes
between
trigeminal nerve
and cervical
nerves
4.24. Dermatomes of head
and neck
" " 2.5 Hrs
78. 1. Describe the
development of
face including 5
prominences
around the
stomodeum
2. Know the
formation of
nose, cheek,
upper lip, lower
lip, jaw and
palate with
congenital
anomalies
4.25. Development of the
face, nose and palate
4.25.1. Development
4.25.1.1. Facial
swellings
4.25.1.2.
Intermaxillary
segment
4.25.2. Congenital
anomalies
Lecture,
Discussion
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector
3.5 Hrs
79. 1. Describe the
formation of
tongue and its
anomalies
tongue
4.26.1. Development
4.26.1.1. Mucosa
4.26.1.2. Muscles
4.26.1.3. Nerve
supply
4.26.2. Congenital
anomalies
" " 1.0 Hrs

-79-
80. 1. Describe the
thyroglossal
duct, its descent
and congenital
anomalies
thyroid gland
4.27.1. Development
4.27.2. Congenital
anomalies
Lecture,
Discussion
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector
2.5 Hrs
81. 1. Describe the
components of
each pharyngeal
arch and its
derivatives
2. Describe the
formation of
structures
derived from the
pharyngeal
pouches and
clefts, and their
congenital
anomalies
pharyngeal arches,
pouches and clefts
4.28.1. Pharyngeal
arches
4.28.1.1.
Development
4.28.1.2. Congenital
anomalies
4.28.2. Pharyngeal clefts
4.28.2.1.
Development
anomalies
4.28.3. Pharyngeal
pouches
4.28.3.1.
Development
anomalies
" " 3.5 Hrs
82. 1. Describe the
characteristic
features of
histology of the
parotid,
submandibular
and sublingual
salivary glands
4.29. Histology of the
salivary glands
parotid gland
submandibular gland
sublingual gland
Lecture,Histol
ogy practical
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Microscopes,
Histological
slides
2.5 Hrs
83. 1. Describe the
characteristic
features of
histology of the
tongue
Tongue
" " 2.5 Hrs
84. 1. Describe the
histology of the
thyroid and
parathyroid
glands
4. 31. Histology of the
thyroid and
parathyroid glands
4.31.1. Thyroid gland
4.31.2. Parathyroid gland
" " 2.5 Hrs
85. 1. Describe the
histology of the
suprarenal gland
suprarenal gland
" " 1.0 Hrs

-80-
86. 1. Describe the
overall practical
points of view in
head and neck
projector
3.0 Hrs
87. 1. Describe the
gross anatomy
of the cerebrum
2. Mention three
layers of the
meninges, both
cranial and
spinal
5. Neuroanatomy
5.1. Gross anatomy of the
cerebrum and
meninges
cerebrum
5.1.1.1. Lobes
5.1.1.2. Sulci and gyri
of each lobe
5.1.2. Meninges
5.1.2.1. Cranial
meninges
5.1.2.2. Spinal
meninges
Lecture,
Discussion,
Demonstration
Overhead
projector,
White board,
LCD
projector,
Dissected
cerebrum
2.5 Hrs
88. 1. Describe the
functional areas
of the cerebum
and their lesions
5.2. Functional areas of
the cerebrum
" " 2.5 Hrs
89. 1. Describe the
formation of the
'circle of Willis'
and its clinical
importance
2. Describe the
anterior, middle
and posterior
cerebral arteries
and their
distribution
5.3. Blood supply of the
cerebrum
5.3.1. Circle of Willis
5.3.1.1. Formation
5.3.1.2. Functions
5.3.2. Cortical system
5.3.2.1. Anterior
cerebral artery
5.3.2.2. Middle
cerebral artery
5.3.2.3. Posterior
cerebral artery
5.3.3. Central system
" " 2.5 Hrs
90. 1. Know the types
of white fibres
2. Describe the
structure,
function and
dysfunction of
the internal
capsule
5.4. White fibres and
internal capsule
5.4.1. Types of the white
fibres of cerebrum
5.4.2. Internal capsule
5.4.2.1. Site, relations
and parts
5.4.2.2. Fibres of
different parts
5.4.2.3. Blood supply
5.4.2.4. Lesion
" " 3.5 Hrs

History of Dental Education in Myanmar

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