The potential of a productive, fossil fuel free agriculture based on ecosystem services
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Johanna Björklund, Teaching Professor Agroecology, Örebro University
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The potential of a productive, fossil fuel free agriculture based on ecosystem services
- 1. The potential for a productive, fossil fuel free agriculture based on ecosystem services Johanna Björklund Man –Technology–Environment Meal Ecology Forum Örebro University johanna.bjorklund@oru.se
- 2. To feed an increasing global population and in the same time cope with climate change and ecosystem degradation the large-scale, low-productive and extensive mode of food production in industrial countries needs to be abandoned Roine Magnusson
- 3. • The food system contributes to all the planetary boundaries that we are presently overrunning • Food production in industrial countries are addicted to fossil fuel when we are rapidly approaching ”Peak oil” • The Swedish consumption pattern needs an area one third larger than our agricultural area - world population increases!
- 4. Non negotiable demands on future food system • More food with less use of water and without fossil fuels • Agricultural areas needs to sequestrer carbon • Drastically reduced input of new nitrogen – 25 % of today? – No more N fertilizers in our part of the world • No more phosphorus to the oceans • Extinction of species need to be halter to at least 1/10 of today
- 5. Decreased meat consumption in high income countries! • Animal husbandry contributes to all global environmental challenges • A reduction of meat consumption with 25 -35% would improve our health • The consumption still increases!
- 6. A sustainable climate friendly animal production is possible! Arla Foods
- 7. Locally produced meat from cows fed on roughage and natural pastures: – Do not compete with humans – Multifunctional – contributes with ecosystem services – Maintain biodiversity – Contributes to carbon dioxide sinks – Do not contribute to afforestation – Local context!
- 8. Pigs and chicken feed on food left overs: • Climate neutral – the production of fodder contributes to 70-80% of their emissions today • Structural changes need – feedback that are felt!
- 9. Recirculation and efficient use Integration of animals and crops – … between urban and rural areas – locally production of food Decreased meat consumption!
- 10. Linear nutrient flows – agricultures largest environmental problem? • Limited resources – fossil fuels and phosphorous • Eutrophication, global warming, acidification, stratospheric ozone destruction and ground-level ozone production • Total addition of ”new N and P” is decisive for the impact. The cost for the environmental damage caused by the use of N fertilizers in Europe outrun the economic value of their use. (The European Nitrogen Assessment, 2009)
- 11. All land use need to contribute to carbon sequestration – a great potential in agriculture! • Perennial crops • Art rich areas sequester more • Ecological production • Agriculture without ploughing
- 12. Future food from perennial systems? International research demonstrate that agroforestry systems are: more productive than monocultures, improve recycling of nutrients, increase biodiversity, sequester carbon dioxide, reduce the need of fossil fuels, increase resilience to climate change. Is this true in Swedish conditions & what will we eat?
- 13. Urban agriculture Increases in low- energy societies and during economic crises – productive, low resource use, efficient recirculation, biological regulation
Editor's Notes
- I am a researcher and teacher at Örebro university, focusing on the development of sustainable agriculture with an agroecological approach.
- We need an agriculture that makes a lot better use of land, labour and local resources and that produces a lot more of benefits to human and other organisms. It is might be rather provocative to say this, but more it is a change in perspective on the word efficiency.
- We all know this: The food system contributes to all the planetary boundaries that we are presently overrunning, to climate change, to the disruption of the nitrogen recirculation and to the rapid reduction of biodiversity, and to the ones that we are approaching to decreased groundwater levels, afforestration, chemical pollution, phosphorus depleation, acidification, etc.
- VAR VI LIGGER INTERNATIONELLT
- A decrease in the meat consumption i the industrialized part of the world is needed as animal hubandry contribute to nearly all global environmental challenges – and that would improve our health
- A sustainable climate friendly animal production is possible!
- If ruminants are feed by roughage and grazing on natural pastures, then they dont compete with humans for feed, they contribute with feed to humans, as the largest part of world´s agricultural land is most appropriate for grazing. They also contribute to important ecosystem services such as mainatainance of biodivesity and sequestration of carbon dioxid as pastures and leys are important carbon zinks. They do not contribute to afforestration – when grazing on local pasture in our part of the world.
- Pigs and hens would be climate friendly if feed on left over because their impact on climate is caused by the production of their food. This by large iligal today, this has to be changed. Structural changes need – feedback that are felt has to be built in – if I put something dangerous in the pigfood I risk getting it in my meat.
- The awareness of the need of efficient use and recirculation of nutrient is rapidly increasing in the the scientific society combined with decreased meat consumption when the trend is going by large in the other direction – increased consumption and regions and even countries that turn up to be world producers of meat in large scale industries leading to huge animal concentrations and increased demand for fertilizers in parts where cereals are produced.
- Linear flows of large quantities of nutrient might be agricultures largest environmental problem – beside that they are limited resources or produced with such, phosphorus and especially nitrogen contribute to at least for of the planetary boundaries – and the total addition of new N and P decides the impact. The cost for the environmental damage caused by the use of N fertilizers in Europe outrun the economic value of their use. Recirculation is the only solution here.
- All land use need to contribute to carbon seqestration if a skenande climate change should be haltered,– agriculture has to be turned from a sources of carbon dioxide to a zink – and ther are great potentials in all agriculture. More perennial crops, increased diversity as Art rich areas sequester more, Ecological production and Agriculture without plowing are only some examples
- Future food from perennial systems? International research e.g. research done by Andrés in Brazil, demonstrate e agroforestry systems are: more productive than monocultures, improve recycling of nutrients, increase biodiversity, sequester carbon dioxide, reduce the need of fossil fertilizers, increase resilience to climate change. How would such system look like in our climate and what t will we eat to be fed by such agriculture? That is what I am initiating research on presently.
- 15 % of all food is allready produced in cities, 1/3 of what urban citicienze eat comes from cities, most in mega cities in the south. Such production is productive, has a low resource use, enhance efficient recirculation and biological regulation, no fertilizers, pestizid and fossil fuel is needed, fresch and healthy and may contribute to social benefits too.
- Food for a sustainable planet Less meat from mulitfuctional animals Food production in urban areas All land use also sequester carbon dioxid Short and efficient recirculation