7.  Australia's system of government is based on the
liberal democratic tradition, which includes
 religious tolerance and freedom of speech and
association. It's institutions and practices reflect
 British and North American models but are
uniquely Australian. The Commonwealth of
Australia was created on January 1, 1901 -
Federation Day - when six
 former British colonies - now the six States of
Australia - agreed to form a union. The Australian
 Constitution, which took effect on January 1,
1901, lays down the framework for the Australian.

8.  Australia's system of government is based on the
liberal democratic tradition, which includes
 religious tolerance and freedom of speech and
association. It's institutions and practices reflect
 British and North American models but are
uniquely Australian. The Commonwealth of
Australia was created on January 1, 1901 -
Federation Day - when six
 former British colonies - now the six States of
Australia - agreed to form a union. The Australian
 Constitution, which took effect on January 1,
1901, lays down the framework for the Australian.

12.  The Commonwealth or National Government
 State and Local Governments .

14.  For all citizens over the age of 18 it is
compulsory to vote in the election of
both federal and state governments, and
failure to do so may result in a fine or
prosecution.

16.  Sydney Opera House
 SydneyTower
 War Memorial
 Shrine Of Remembrance
 Quarantine Station
 Dinosaur Stampede National Monument
 Sydney Harbour Bridge
 Cathedral Of St. Marry

18.  Located on Bennelong Point in Sydney, Australia, this
magnificent ship-like structure is a monument you
really must see to believe. Designed by Danish
architect Jorn Utzon, this amazing vision took 14 years
to construct and wasn’t open to the public until 1973.
 Showcasing a whopping 1000 rooms which includes
seven theaters, guests can enjoy show-stopping
entertainment, fine dining, and a variety of tour
packages to maximize an unforgettable venture to a
remarkable monument.

20.  If Sydney is one of your stops while visiting the land down-
under, the SydneyTower must be on your to-do list!This
astounding Australian monument stands 820 feet above the
ground and offers visitors an amazing view of the city.
 While visiting Australia, enjoy the sights of Sydney from the
observation deck, experience an exciting 4D cinema ride on
OzTrek, or take a thrilling journey on Skywalk and experience
all that this iconic monument has to offer.
 SydneyTower is Sydney's tallest free-standing structure, and
the second tallest in Australia. It is a member of theWorld
Federation of GreatTowers.The tower stands 309 m above
the Sydney CBD, being located at 100 Market Street.

22.  One of the country’s most famous monuments, the
AustralianWar Memorial situated in Canberra pays
homage to the many men and women who have
fought or died for the great nation of Australia.
 Completed in 1941, the monument’s cross-shaped
design is home toThe Hall ofValour,The Hall of
Memory, theTomb of the Unknown Soldier, a
research center, an outdoor sculpture garden, and
much more.This monument offers those visiting
Australia a wealth of history and guided tours
which are offered daily at no charge.

24.  If your travel itinerary will take you to Melbourne, plan
on including the notable Shrine of Remembrance as
one of your stops. Honoring the 114,000 people of
Victoria who risked or lost their lives in the GreatWar
of 1914-1918, this monument attracts visitors from all
over the world each year.
 Guests to this beautiful Shrine will find such features
as the remarkable Ray of Light, the Cenotaph, the
Eternal Flame, and a water garden known as
Remembrance Garden. Admission is always free and
you can make the most of your visit with a guided tour
or by visiting the Shrine during one of their special
events.

26.  If a dark and mysterious experience sounds intriguing, why
not visit Quarantine Station in Sydney?This historical
monument was once a temporary home of sorts to
immigrants arriving intoAustralia. For many, it was a short-
lived residence – a safety measure put in place to prevent
disease and infection from being introduced to the people of
Australia. Others were not so fortunate – it was here that
they met their untimely deaths.
 For travelers visiting Australia, Quarantine Station offers a
variety of ghost tours.Visit the haunted hospital or morgue,
listen to ghostly tales that tell of the legends of Q Station, or
even try to contact a spirit that still resides there! Many ticket
and package options are available to accommodate visitors
to this spooky but fun monument.

28.  In the heart of Queensland at Lark Quarry Conservation Park,
travelers will find an amazing treasure indeed. Dinosaur Stampede
National Monument occupies 210 square meters and contains nearly
4,000 dinosaur footprints – evidence of a major dinosaur stampede
forever fixed in stone.
 Dating back 95 million years, these fossilized prints are a sight to
behold.Visitors to this famous Australian monument can view the
preserved footprints inside a newly constructed center, which was
designed to protect the footprints for many future generations to
come.
 As you can see, the land down-under showcases several unique
monuments that will undoubtedly make your vacation to Australia a
memorable one.

30.  The Sydney Harbour Bridge is the main crossing
of Sydney Harbour carrying rail, vehicular, and
pedestrian traffic between the Sydney central business
district (CBD) and the North Shore.The dramatic water
vista of the bridge together with the nearbySydney
Opera Houseis an iconic image of both Sydney and
Australia.The South-east pylon for many years
operated as lookout and tourist attraction, containing a
number of telescopes and antiquated arcade games
which operated on pennies, long after that currency had
gone out of operation.The pylon has recently been
renovated and returned to its tourist function.[4]

32.  St Mary's Cathedral is the spiritual home of Sydney's
Catholic community. It is the seat of the Archbishop of
Sydney, and stands on the site of the first Catholic Chapel
in Australia.Constructed in local sandstone, the "Gothic
Revival" style of its architecture is reminiscent of the great
medieval cathedrals of Europe.
 The foundation stone for the first St Mary’s Cathedral was
laid on 29th October, 1821 by Governor Macquarie. On
29th June, 1865, the church caught fire and was
destroyed. William WilkinsonWardell was commissioned
by Archbishop Polding to design a new St. Mary's.
Archbishop Polding laid the foundation stone for the
present cathedral in 1868.

35. The wedding ceremony and customs are
extremely varied in this country’s
multicultural society. However, mostly
the traditions of the rest of theWestern
world are followed in Australia -
particularly the English, Scottish and
Irish traditions.

37. Smoking Ceremony
Stone Ceremony
Acknowledging the Land

38.  Indigenous Australians believe that
smoke has cleansing and healing
properties, and can ward off evil
spirits.
 Plants are burned in a fire, or a smudge
stick is used, and the fragrant smoke is
fanned over the couple.

39.  This Australian wedding tradition
came about when the early settlers
could not afford wedding rings.
 The bride and groom would each cast
a stone into the river, which would
represent them staying together
forever as life ebbed and flowed
around them.

40.  The tradition of acknowledging
who the land belonged to and
those who came before you is
thought to bring you good luck
and allow you to start your
marriage on a positive note.

41.  The special saying ‘something old,
something new, something borrowed,
something blue and a silver sixpence in her
shoe’ holds symbolic meaning for a bride on
her wedding day. It is an old and
superstitious saying that has been carried on
for years, after first being used in the
Victorian era.

43.  During the wedding ceremony, the bride
traditionally stands to the left of the
groom.
 This tradition comes about as it allowed
the groom to use his left hand to hold his
bride and right hand (sword hand) to fight
off attackers that may try to take his bride
away.

44.  Following the wedding it was traditional for
guests to throw rice at the bride and groom as
they depart the venue.
 The rice was thought to bring luck and
fertility.
 A myth from the Orient is that rice
represented a full pantry, so throwing a
handful at the couple demonstrated wishes of
prosperity for the bride and groom.
 Rice is often replaced with colorful confetti,
flower petals or bubbles nowadays for a great
photo

45.  Wedding gifts were once brought to the
couple in the form of fruit, to encourage
fertility.
 Nowadays guests bring gifts as a token of
appreciation for the invitation, and to
help set the newlyweds up in their new life
together.

46.  Favours were traditionally given in the
form of five sugared almonds, to
represent the sweet and bitter aspects
of married life.
 Five are given to signify wealth,
health, happiness, longevity and
fertility.

47. •This is a groom’s tradition where after the
ceremony he carries his bride over the
threshold to protect her from any evil spirits
that may be present in the new home.
• It is bad luck for the bride to trip on the way
in, so being carried eliminates this risk!

50. •Pavlova
The pavlova is
different from
meringue as a result
of the addition of
cornflour, which
gives it the crunchy
on the outside and a
soft texture on the
inside.

51. This is a traditional bread
from Australia that is made
without using yeast. A
perfect camping food item,
the traditional way of
baking damper is to use the
coals of a campfire.The
basic ingredients used are
flour, water, and,
occasionally, milk.

52.  Vegemite is an
extremely well-known
product in this country,
to the extent that it is
considered a national
food item today. It is
actually a black-colored
paste which is used as a
spread on sandwiches
as well as crackers.

53.  The pie floater is unique
to areas of South
Australia. A pie floater
is actually a meat pie
that is inverted and
placed in a thick green
peasoup.Generally, pie
floaters are available
late in the evening at
caravans parked along
the streets.

54.  The chiko roll was invented
by Frank McEnroe.This food
item was initially inspired by
the Chinese egg roll. Chiko
roll is a thick roll that
contains ingredients such as
celery, barley, beef, corn,
onion, and spices for taste,
rolled up in a tube of flour,
egg, and dough.

56.  Lamington is a
tempting, traditional
cube-shaped dessert of
Australian origin. It is a
sponge cake which is
dipped into a mixture of
chocolate coating.July
21, 2006 was celebrated
as the National
Lamington Day in
Australia.

57.  They are associated
with the Australia
and New Zealand
Army Corps that was
established during
WorldWar I. Made of
flour, sugar, coconut,
rolled oats, butter,
golden syrup, boiling
water, and baking
soda.

59.  Each year the Sydney
Festival offers a rich and
diverse program spanning
all art forms and including
dance, theatre, music,
visual arts, film, forums and
large-scale free outdoor
events. For three weeks in
January the festival hosts
around 80 events involving
upwards of 500 artists from
Australia and abroad.

60.  The National
Multicultural Festival is
held over four days and
features the very best in
local, national and
international music,
dance, food and
creative arts. Festival
favourites include the
Food and Dance
Spectacular, the Greek
Glendi.

61.  Tasmania's flagship celebration of island arts and
culture,Ten Days on the Island, boasts a multitude of
events in 50 locations across the island. Events and
activities range across all types of music, dance,
visual arts, theatre, literature, food and film.
Individual artists and companies come from all
corners of the globe, and a number of local artists also
take part.

62.  Brisbane Festival is Brisbane's foremost
international multi-arts festival, offering an
outstanding program of theatre, dance, music,
opera, multimedia, and free community events
for the residents of Brisbane and its
visitors. Held every two years, it endeavours
to include the entire community in its program
of activities

64.  Melbourne International
Arts Festival has a
reputation for
presenting unique
international and
Australian events in the
fields of dance, theatre,
music, visual arts,
multimedia, and free
and outdoor events over
17 days each October

65.  They come to share in the
songs, dances, and verse
that have flowed through
the ages from many
communities into Australian
folk culture.The festival
includes over 100 concerts,
poetry and storytelling
sessions, various dance
classes running all day, a
kids program and of course
lots of different food option

66.  Local, national and international audiences look forward to it
as their annual ceremony time along with the most
comprehensive showcase of Indigenous arts from across the
country and around the world.This three day and four night
festival has performing arts venues, bars, a workshop avenue
and food outlets. Presented by the Queensland Folk
Federation, the program features film and literature
components, performing arts, new media and digital
technologies, street performers, musicals and a youth
program.

69.  Indigenous Dance
 Bush Dance
 Contemporary Dance
 Australian Modern Dance
 Circle Dance
 Trio Dance
 Quadrille Dance

71.  Traditional Indigenous Australian dance was closely
associated with song and was understood and experienced
as making present the reality of the Dreamtime.
 In some instances, they would imitate the actions of a
particular animal in the process of telling a story.
 For the people in their own country it defined to roles,
responsibilities and the place itself.
 These ritual performances gave them an understanding of
themselves in the interplay of social, geographical and
environmental forces.

73.  Bush dance is a style of dance fromAustralia,
particularly where the music is provided by
a bush band.
 The dances are mainly based on the
traditional folk dances of the UK, Ireland and
central Europe.
 In general less emphasis on complex foot work
and more about people being in the right place.
 Dress codes are relaxed.

75.  Contemporary dance uses the body's natural lines and
energy to create new movements which have a greater
range and fluidity than conventional dance.
 In Australia, contemporary dance has its origins in modern
dance, taught and promoted through the Australian Dance
Theatre by Elizabeth Cameron Dalman from 1965–75.
 Contemporary dance is seen as less prescriptive in its
structure than classical or even modern dance.
 It was developed as a reaction against the more rigid
techniques of ballet.

77.  Modern dance was seen as the freedom to
express a modern view of the world and had its
beginnings in the first wave of Australian
ballet which also draw on collaborations with
contemporary musicians, visual artists and
photographers with the intention of creating a
new and invigorating medium.

78.  Elizabeth Cameron Dalman is known as the
founder of modern Australian dance.
 Elizabeth Cameron Dalman's foundation of the
Australian DanceTheatre led to a flourishing of
public programs and workshops in modern
dance techniques and improvisation.
 Together with the establishment of the
Australian Ballet in 1962 under Dame Peggy van
Praagh, Australia confirmed its position on the
international dance stage.

80.  Circle dance is a style of dance done in a circle
(open or closed) to musical accompaniment.
 The dance is probably the oldest known dance
formation.
 Circle dancing can be energetic or gentle
 Unlike line dancing, circle dancers are in
physical contact with each other; the
connection is made by hand-to-hand, finger-
to-finger or hands-on-shoulders.

82.  Lines of three, a man and two women or two
women and a man facing a similar line.
 Sets arranged around the room
(example DashingWhite Sergeant)

84.  Quadrille is a historic dance performed by
four couples in a rectangular formation, and a
precursor to traditional square dancing.
 It is fashionable late 18th- and 19th-century
for four couples in square formation.