In this ppt, hazards, checklist, analysis, and control strategy of the sawmill have been presented.

1. Presentation on Hazard Evaluation Worksheet
for a Workstation (SAW Mill)
Md. Raquibul Haque [1605050]
Nahian Kawser Sifat [1605052]
Md. Limon Mia [1605054]
Din Islam Sk Ashik[1605055]
Bulbul Biswaws [1605056]
Md. Ariful Islam
Associate Professor
Department of Industrial &
Production
Engineering, RUET.
Nusrath Zahan
Lecturer
Department of Industrial &
Production
Engineering, RUET.
Submitted by: Submitted to:

2. Introduction
 Saw mill machine or plant with power-driven machines for sawing logs into
rough-squared sections or into planks and boards.
 Ergonomic hazards include awkward postures, static postures, large forces,
repetitive motion, or short intervals between active.
 Ergonomics hazard prevented by reduce repetition, and ease mental demands.
Improve work scheduling to minimize excessive overtime or shift work which can
cause fatigue.

3. Objectives
1. To identify different types of hazards of saw mill.
2. To evaluate risks in structured and systematic way.
3. To prioritize decisions to reduce risks to a tolerable level.

4. Methodology
1. At first identified the risk matrix and associated terms of risk matrix for saw mill.
2. Identifying different types of hazard.
3. Identify potential hazards in the workplace using the hazard evaluation checklist and analysis.
4. At last, identified the prevention strategy of this hazard.

5. Theory
 Hazard - A hazard is a situation that has the potential to harm a person.
 Risk - A risk is the possibility that the harm (i.e. death, an injury or an illness)
might occur when exposed to a hazard. Probability of Exposure * Severity, i.e.
(likelihood* consequences).

6. Risk Matrix

7. Associated Terms of Risk Matrix
Likelihood - How likely will it happen?
Remote - Not expected to happen
Improbable - May occur only in exceptional circumstances
Possible - May occur at sometime
Probable - Might happen at sometime
Likely - Will occur in most cases
Consequences - How severe the injury, loss or damage will be if it happens?
Minor - First aid treatment or environmental impact easily rectified
Moderate - Medical treatment or environmental impact rectified with outside help
Major - Extensive injuries and/or long-term environmental impact
Fatal - Fatalities or long-term environmental impact

8. Picture of Saw Mill

9. Specific component/plant/layout of Saw Mill
Component Explanation
Log handling Move, lift, and roll logs in sawing site.
Chainsaws It is a portable gasoline, electric, or battery powered saw that cuts with a set of teeth attached to a
rotating chain driven along a guide bar. It is used in activities such as tree felling, bucking, pruning,
cutting firebreaks in wildland fire suppression, and harvesting of firewood.
Log debarking Log debarking is the process of removing bark from wood.
Saw benches Saw benches is a woodworking tool, consisting of a circular saw blade, mounted on an arbor, that is
driven by an electric motor (either directly, by belt, or by gears).
Round table/green
chain
A green chain is a type of lumber delivery system that can be used in a sawmill. The green chain's
purpose is to collect the final product of the mill and move it at a controlled rate to be graded and
sorted.
Treatment plant A treatment plant refers to a plant or installation that is used to purify contaminated substances. These
substances may be solid, liquid and semi-solids.

10. Specific component/plant/layout of Saw Mill
Component Explanation
Kilns (low
temperature
hardwood)
It is an oven, furnace, or heated enclosure used for processing a substance by burning, firing, or
drying.
Chippers A chipper is designed for chipping sawmill waste, slabs, edgings and round wood for pulp and paper
as well as other markets.
Conveyors The main purpose of a conveyor system is to move objects from one location to another. Conveyor
systems save time when transporting items from one location to another.
Timber yard layout A timber yard is a place where timber is stored and sold.
Hazardous
chemicals
Hazardous chemicals are substances, mixtures and articles that can pose a significant risk to health and
safety if not managed correctly. They may have health hazards, physical hazards or both.

11. Specific Hazard of Saw Mill
Hazard Type Explanation
Crushing Crushing accidents occur when the body or any part of the body is squeezed between two moving objects or caught
between one moving and one stationary object.
Shearing A shear point hazard exists when the edges of two machine parts move across each other or move closely enough
together to cut another object or move a relatively soft material.
Entanglement An entanglement injury is an injury that results from clothing, hair, jewelry, or another accessory becoming caught within
a movable element of workplace machinery, such as a motor drive shaft.
Entrapment An entrapment hazard is defined as something or somewhere that could trap the worker.
Drawing This type of hazards mean scratching over the wood.
Ejected material
hazard
Material - flitches, timber and so forth that is thrown from saws, conveyors, decks and other plant/equipment.
Noise Hazardous noise levels associated with operating machinery
Electrical hazard Associated hazard of electrical plant, switchboards, overhead cables and lights, dust build up.
Dust Sawmill workers are exposed to wood dust (a well-known carcinogen), microorganisms, endotoxins, resin acids, and
vapors containing terpenes, which may cause skin irritation, allergy, and respiratory symptoms including asthma.

12. Specific Hazard of Saw Mill
Hazard Type Explanation
Hazardous
substances
Workers in wood industries are exposed to variable medleys of chemicals, both natural and synthetic. Additional exposures include fungi,
bacteria, bark and wood dusts, solvents, paints, and various other wood coatings.
Lighting hazard Lack of adequate lighting at operator stations and worker positions.
Nip points hazard In-running nip points (or pinch points) are a special danger arising from rotating or reciprocating parts. They occur whenever machine parts
move toward each other or when one part moves past a stationary object.
Confined spaces
hazard
Working in a confined space is dangerous because of the risks from noxious fumes, reduced oxygen levels, or a risk of fire.
Hot work hazard Fire risk, fumes, ultraviolet light.
Compressed air
hazard
May inflict harm to people, may be residual energy in plant.
Manual handling
hazard
Associated manual handling hazard of timber or parts of equipment.
Ultraviolet exposure This hazard may be happened while working outdoors.
Hazardous
substances
Workers in wood industries are exposed to variable medleys of chemicals, both natural and synthetic. Additional exposures include fungi,
bacteria, bark and wood dusts, solvents, paints, and various other wood coatings.

13. Hazard Identification Checklist & Analysis
Hazard (Mechanical/ Electrical/
Environmental)
Component/ Plant/Layout When is Exposed Likelihood-
Consequence
Group
Crushing injuries Log handling Operator’s unexpected movement of
logs
during loading/
unloading, stacking and
moving
Improbable-
Major
B
Cutting, Crushing,
Entrapment, Fumes,
Fire, Noise and vibration,
Burns
Chainsaws While chainsaw is not in good working
order and careless with
location of the cutter bar nose
Remote-Fatal B
Crushing, Entrapment Log debarking In the event of equipment jamming Improbable-
Fatal
A
Cutting, Crushing
Shearing, Entanglement,
Entrapment, Puncture,
Contact with live electrical or mechanical
installation, Failure of
energy supply resulting in loss of control
systems
Saw benches Careless working with saw blades of saw
bench and moving parts like pulleys,
drives, chains, and
hobs
Remote-Fatal B

14. Hazard Identification Checklist & Analysis
Hazard (Mechanical/ Electrical/
Environmental)
Component/ Plant/Layout When is Exposed Likelihood-
Consequence
Group
Body stresses, Ultraviolet
exposure,
Back injuries, Skin damage,
stroke
Round
table/green chain
Repetitive and long hours work in the sun, careless
working with
nip points and other on green chains
Possible-
Moderate
B
Chemical exposure Treatment plant In case of careless use of hazardous
chemicals,
inappropriate way to store and handle chemical
Probable-
Minor
B
Heat, Electrocution, Confined
space hazard
Kilns Out of date Identify potential hazards in the
workplace using the
hazard evaluation
checklist cylinders and bulk storage tanks filling, not
to follow
Possible-
Minor
C
Cutting, Entanglement,
Entrapment, Puncture
Chippers In case of careless handling of chipper
knives, metal objects entering the chipper
Remote-
Major
B

15. Hazard Identification Checklist & Analysis
Hazard (Mechanical/ Electrical/
Environmental)
Component/ Plant/Layout When is Exposed Likelihood-
Consequence
Group
Crushing hazards,
Failure of energy resulting in loss of
control systems
Conveyors Careless operator caught up in the
moving parts driven by
them
Improbable-
Fatal
A
Slips, trips and falls,
Overhead cables,
Poor lighting hazard, Fire,
Dust, Eye injury
Timber yard layout In case of uneven and slippery surface, lack of
adequate light,
obstacles in the way of
movement
Likely-Minor B
Spontaneous combustion Sawdust and chip storage In case of wood dust explosion Remote-
Major
B
Carcinogenic (causing cancer),
(causing genetic damage),
Teratogenic (causing abnormalities of
fetus)
Hazardous chemicals Inappropriate way to store and handle of
timber preservatives in treatment plants, inks
and spray paints in log
yards, storerooms and offices, sundry
materials in workshops such as paints, adhesives,
solvents
Probable-
Fatal
A

16. To reduce aforementioned hazards, need to control strategy of
associated component/Plant/layout
Component/Plant/Layout Control Strategy
Log handling If no log-restraining cage is available and there is potential for a log to fall, load security chains are to be released only when the load is
restrained by an unloading machine on the load binder side, or by another positive form of restraint.
Chainsaws • Ensure that the chainsaw is in good working order prior to use.
• Care should be taken when sharpening or checking the chain to avoid cuts.
• Be aware of the location of the cutter bar nose at all times.
Log debarking • Loaders should be used to clear heavy logs in the event of jamming and tangles.
• Emergency stop mechanisms fitted in strategic and accessible locations.
Saw benches Guarding of the saw blade and other mechanical parts should be done to prevent inadvertent contact. This guarding must include the
risks above and below the bench for not only the operator but for maintenance and cleaning personnel and others in the area.
Round
table/green chain
• Ensure good workplace layout. Consider an ergonomic assessment of the work area.
• Job rotation should be considered to help minimize repetitive injuries and ultraviolet exposure.
• Controls of nip points and other on green chains should be as for conveyers.
Treatment plant • Operators should be familiar with the SDS for the hazardous chemicals used, stored and handled.
• Emergency procedures for the hazardous chemicals being used should be displayed.
• Where required by the SDS, emergency eyewash and emergency shower facilities should be located at the treatment plant.

17. To reduce aforementioned hazards, need to control strategy of
associated component/Plant/layout
Component/Plant/Layout Control Strategy
Kilns • All gas fitting must be installed and maintained by a trade qualified gas fitter.
• Out of date cylinders or bulk storage tanks must not be filled. The supplier must be notified to replace them.
Chippers • Ideally chippers should be located remote from the mill due to the noise and vibration they generate.
• When handling chipper knives, it is necessary to ensure that the worker is protected from the cutting edge by gloves, aprons or
other means.
• A vibrating in-feed conveyor can be used to remove sawdust and settle timber.
Conveyors • All accessible nip points, including drive system of all conveyors shall be guarded.
• A lanyard switch/pull wire (emergency stop) may be located at any point along the conveyor.
Timber yard layout • Outdoor working surfaces should be constructed to provide a relatively flat and safe working surface.
• Ensure the workplace is maintained to avoid obstructions.
Sawdust and chip storage • Stockpiles of sawdust and woodchip should be located away from overhead power lines or sources of combustion and clear of
waterways.
• Naked flames and other sources of ignition should be controlled to reduce the risk of wood dust explosion.
Hazardous chemicals Separating a process that uses hazardous chemicals from people by distance or by barriers like separating the area for mixing and
preparing chemicals with limited access.

18. Conclusion
In this experiment, hazards for SAW mill workstation have been identified. Risk matrix have been used and
got some associated terms such as, minor, major, fatal, possible, likely etc. After identifying the hazard,
hazard analysis checklist used and found risk matrix terms. To prevent the hazard, some control strategies
have been used. Saw mill requires the use of sharp blades, heavy wooden logs, hazardous chemicals, so it is
important to get the job done by a trained person. At the same time knowing first aid, handling emergency
situations effectively and maintaining safety rules will greatly reduce the risk, although not all risks can
always be avoided.

19. References
 https://www.workplacesafetynorth.ca/sites/default/files/Forest-Products-Sawmill-Risk-Assessment-MOL-
WSN-2017-08-03.pdf
 2. https://www.worksafe.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0020/23627/sawmilling-industry-hazard-
inspection-checklist.pdf
 3. https://www.worksafe.qld.gov.au/__data/assets/pdf_file/0023/20966/sawmilling-industry-whs-guide-
2017.pdf
 4. https://www.kuet.ac.bd/webportal/ppmv2/uploads/1517455217ipe_4220.pdf

20. Thank You!
Any question?