This document discusses production merchandising in the apparel industries of Bangladesh. It defines merchandising as planning and executing export orders with the right product, at the right time, place, quantity, price and quality. The key responsibilities of a merchandiser are then outlined, including product development, sampling, costing, planning, communication, coordination, sourcing, and more. It also provides a process flow chart showing the typical steps involved in apparel merchandising from receiving an order to shipment. In conclusion, the report emphasizes the importance of merchandising and a "Time and Action" calendar for managing projects and meeting delivery windows.

1. Supervisor
NASIF CHOWDHURY
Senior Lecturer, City University

2. NAME ID BATCH
MD SHAMIM HOSSAIN 12230286 21st
KAMRUL HASAN 11328573 19th
MD ABU RAHIAN 12331245 22nd

3. TOPIC
A Study ON production merchandising of apparel
industries in Bangladesh

4. Production Merchandising
Production Merchandising is a function of
multiple activities performed by a person
which are either parallel or inter
connected. Some of them are
interdependent and others are
independent of each other. Merchandising
involves planning and execution of the
export order with the right place, at the
right time, in the right quantities, at the
right price. It is concerned with all the
activities necessary to provide buyers with
the merchandise they want to buy and
when and where they want it and at prices
they can afford and are willing to pay.

5. Product development:
Product development is the business policy of the organization which includes the development of the new designs
and styles within the organization. This activity brings the more business to organization, by showing pro-activeness in
design development buyer also impress. The role of production merchandiser in this activity plays very important role.
Sampling:
Sampling is one of the main processes in Garment manufacturing and it plays vital role in attracting buyers and
confirming the order, as the buyers generally places the order once satisfied with the quality and responsiveness of the
sampling. Sampling is the most crucial and most important stage of fashion merchandising
Costing
Costing is the very dynamic process, and it is the most important function performed by merchandiser.
The garment merchandiser keeps following things in mind.:
Fabric consumption
Trims
CMT
Value added services: printing, embroidery, washing, appliqué
Testing
Transportation and logistics cost
Profit of the manufacturing organization
Currency exchange rate

6. Planning:
Production merchandising is an interdependent activity. Successful merchandising is outcome of
effective preparation and follows up of time and action calendar by all departments.
Communication:
Communication is a most important aspect of any export order process. In production merchandising
there are various tools used to communicate with buyers in order to proceed further in export order
like quality manual, purchase order, packing list, color way communication, style no. tech pack. Buyer
communicates each and every aspect of on-going and future style with merchandiseronly.
Coordination:
Coordination is the major aspect of fashion merchandising, one need to coordinate with all the
departments within the organization and outside the organization in order to run the exportorder
successfully. Coordinating with other department is the one of the major responsibility of a
productionmerchandiser.

7. Sourcing:
For garment export house fabric and trims are the raw material which needs to beoutsourced.
Sourcing is basically determining the most cost efficient vendor of materials, production, or finished
goods at the specified quality and service level. It is closely associated and an important part of
apparel merchandiser’s responsibility. Materials basically include piece goods that will be cut and
converted into the garments.
Types of Merchandising done in garment export:
1.Marketing Merchandising
2.Product Merchandising
Merchandiser responsibility:
1. Product development 2. Market and product analysis 3. Selling the concept
4. Booking orders 5. Confirming deliveries 6.Designing and sampling
7.Costing 8. Mediating production and quality departments
9. Giving shipping instruction and following shipping 10.Helping documentation department
11.Taking responsibility for inspections and 12. Following up the shipment

8. Merchandiser has to perform the following functions:
Communication: It is one of the foremost functions of merchandiser because the merchandiser has to
communicate with different levels of people in his day to day activities.
Planning & Programming: A merchandiser has to check the order requirement, planning for the given order,
programming for various activities, proper allocation of work to the assistants.
Follow ups: It includes sending of samples at various stages of order, buyer and buyer house for sample and
other approvals
Decision making: A merchandiser has to make several decisions during the order processing like giving approvals
like fabrics, color, design, accessories, and packing,
Sourcing & Purchasing: A merchandiser may have to do sourcing and purchasing for raw materials and
accessories, suppliers and vendors, new designs, new buyers.
Controlling: This is the crucial activities for any merchandiser.
Coordination: Merchandiser has to coordinate in such way to reduce the uncertainties and difficulties and if
there is a problem arises, the merchandiser has to support and lend helping hand in order to complete the task
successfully in the given period.
Negotiation: It is the activity of convincing, compromising and cooperation which would benefit the both parties
involved in the negotiation.

9. Costing: It is the process of estimating the expenditure of a given product and the subsequent price.
It is another crucial function because mostly order conformation depends on the price offered tothe
buyers.
Meeting: There are two types of meeting a merchandiser has to be involved. First type, a
merchandiser has to conduct the meeting with the concern department in charges to discuss about
the proceedings and the status of the runningorder.
Forecasting: Forecasting is the activity of predicting the future happenings or problems. A
merchandiser has to predict the future uncertainties in the current order or industry sothat
alternative actions or corrective measures can be taken in advance this also includes giving
suggestion or ideas about new technologies or new products or latest industrytrends.

10. Process Flow Chart of Apparel or Garments Merchandising:
Order received from the Buyer with details
↓
Sample Development
↓
Price negotiation with the Buyer
↓
Confirmation of order and receive the ordersheet
↓
Make buyer requirement sample (Fit, Proto etc) for approval
↓
Make requisition for bulk fabric
↓
Make requisition for accessories
↓
Swatch board making and approval
↓
Raw material collection and also receive it in factory
↓
Check and also listing
↓
Make P.P (pre production Sample) with all actual

11. ↓
Pre-productionmeeting
↓
Start bulk production
↓ Collect daily production and qualityreport
↓
Make online inspection by strong qualityteam
↓
Sample sent to third party testingcentre
↓
Make final inspection for bulkproduction
↓
Shipment
↓
Send all documents to the Buyer
↓
Receive payment from Bank
↓

12. Materials and methodology:
Methodology: Methodology defines how we go through all the processes of research and how I have
proceeded on. Here includes the steps of conducting the report and the explanation of the sources of data.
RATIONALITY OF THERESEARCH:
It appears that merchandising is the most important and essential part of garments industry. But unfortunately
in Bangladesh, merchandising planning and controlling is reported to be unsound in case of private sector
industrial undertaking
The rationality of merchandising system isstated bellow:
1. Toknow properly about merchandising of Bengal Leisure wear ltd. 2. Toimprove product quality.
3. To reduce lead-time. 4. Todevelop or set-up Background linkage industry. 5. Toimprove productivity.
6. Todevelop infrastructure.
RESEARCHMETHODOLOGY:
The objective of research is to portray accurately the characteristics of a particular individual, situation or a
group. Research refers to the systematic method consisting of enunciating the problem, formulating a
hypothesis, and collecting the facts or data, analyzing the facts and reaching certain conclusions either in the
form of solutions towards the concerned problem or in certain generalizations for some theoretical formulation.

13. The research process consists of fivesteps:
Defining the problem and research objectives.
Developing the research plan.
Collecting the information.
Analyzing the information.
Presenting the findings.
Results and Findings:
Time andAction:
A “Time and Action” calendar is one of the most important tools for managing a project. Itdefines
the ideal date/time period within which the major activities of an order should occur against a
scheduled deliverywindow.
We all know how useful To-Do Lists are when we are working on a particular project. In regard to
producing clothing, footwear, or fashion accessories, we will typically use what is called a Time &
Action Calendar to monitor the projects progress. The calendar is also sometimes referenced as a
TNA or T&A calendar. This is essentially a detailed to-do list that covers all the various steps ofthe
productionprocess.
When creating an apparel manufacturing time & action calendar, it should include the date theorder
is received all the way to the time that the product will be delivered at its final destination. This
would include manufacturing schedules, transit dates for freight, approval times,etc.

14. Time & Action planpreparations:
Time & Action plan preparations Product or lines for each season must reach the store and
sell through in a designated time frame. Delays can totally disrupt the business, because,
products meant for one season cannot be sold in other seasons. So lend time must be
strictly followed. Lead-time is generally divided into sequence of actions over a time frame.

16. Conclusion:
In conclusion I can say that this internship report is really essential for every student to get idea about
textile industry. By completing this report I have got overall idea of RMG sector and these may be
helpful to know about the technical and management knowledge of garments industry also these
sector related organizations. This is a huge sector and yet to discover thewhole.
2 Limitations: Limitation refers the obstacles I have to face for completing this report and what I
could not cover for this limitation. Time constraint Merchandiser doesn’t have enough time to give
the information elaborately. Short time visit in different work stations Lack of organizing chain of
command Lack of instruction book, and any change. They are following traditional business. I may
have to suffer for lack of supply chain management. No other garment’s data has been compared
with Bex tex‟s data. There might be some discrepancies with other factories‟ supply chainscenario
Due to high employee turnover rate and lack of good reporting practices in the factory; problems
with collecting data have been faced.