this ppt illustrate about the use of glass as building material.

1. Glass In ConstructionGlass In Construction
PSI: PPT IS VERY LARGE SO HAVE PATIENCE

2. DefinitionDefinition
 an inorganic product of fusion that has cooledan inorganic product of fusion that has cooled
to a rigid condition without crystallizingto a rigid condition without crystallizing
 When glass is cooled from the hot molten state,When glass is cooled from the hot molten state,
it gradually increases in viscosity withoutit gradually increases in viscosity without
crystallization over a wide temperature range,crystallization over a wide temperature range,
until it assumes its characteristic hard, brittleuntil it assumes its characteristic hard, brittle
form. Cooling is controlled to preventform. Cooling is controlled to prevent
crystallization, or high strain.crystallization, or high strain.

3.  Glass, chemically, is actually more like a liquid,Glass, chemically, is actually more like a liquid,
but at room temperature it is so viscous orbut at room temperature it is so viscous or
'sticky' it looks and feels like a solid. At higher'sticky' it looks and feels like a solid. At higher
temperatures glass gradually becomes softer andtemperatures glass gradually becomes softer and
more like a liquid. It is this latter property whichmore like a liquid. It is this latter property which
allows glass to be poured, blown, pressed andallows glass to be poured, blown, pressed and
moulded into such a variety of shapes.moulded into such a variety of shapes.

4. VARIOUS USES OF GLASS IN
CONSTRUCTION

5. Major constituentsMajor constituents
 Silica sandSilica sand
 Soda ashSoda ash
 Lime stoneLime stone
 DolomiteDolomite
 Feldspathic materialsFeldspathic materials
 Lead oxideLead oxide
 Boric acidBoric acid
 Crushed glassCrushed glass

6. BASIC TYPES OF GLASS
 FLOAT GLASS
 SHEET GLASS
 PATTERENED GLASS
 WIRED GLASS

7. FLOAT GLASS
Most widely used type of glass
 Monolithic and highly transparent
 Produced by flowing molten glass
 over a bath of molten tin and
 slowly cooling .
 Has uniform thickness, flatness
 and excellent optical quality.
 Manufactured in two main varieties, i.e.; clear and tinted.
 Used in mirrors,windows,curtain walls and doors.
 float glass can be toughened, a process that creates safety glass out
of annealed glass.
 Available in thicknesses 2-19 mm
 Can be coloured during manufacturing.

8. SHEET GLASS
There are three different kind of sheet glasses:
 - Annealed flat glass
 - Processed flat glass
 - Misc. glass
 Actual color green (or sometimes blue).
 Sizes available:
2mm, 3mm, 4mm, 5mm,
 6mm, 8mm, 10mm, 12mm, 15mm and 19mm.
 uses: windows,shelves,large size doors and table tops
 Thickness - Cost
 4-6mm - Rs 53/sqm
 8-12mm - Rs 63/sqm

9. PATTERNED GLASS
 Sometimes referred to as “figured” or “rolled” glass.
 Has a pattern or texture impressed on one or both sides in
the process of rolling.
 This glass surface has a patterned decorative design which
provide translucency and some degrees of obscurity.
 Patterns are classified as decorative or glazing i.e., used
primarily for their functional properties.
 Uses: decorative glazing of windows, bathroom partitions,
door.
 Is difficult to clean as dust settles between the crevices
 Thickness: 4mm, 6mm,
 Sizes: 2140 x 1280 mm, 2140 x 1320 mm respectively.

11. WIRED GLASS
 Fine twisted hexagonal wire netting or mesh inserted during
the process of rolling.
 May be patterned, smooth rolled or ground and polished.
 Used primarily in fire rated windows, doors, skylights and
applications requiring a safety glazing material.
 When broken, loose pieces of glass are held by the wire
netting.
 Georgian wire mesh, 13mm provided.
 Thickness: 5 to 7 mm.
 Size: 3300 x 1830 mm.

12. MODIFIED TYPES OF GLASS
The basic glass types modified by various techniques to give
hybrid varieties:
 Reflective glass
 Insulating glass
 Safety glass
 - Laminated safety glass
 -Toughened safety glass
 Glass bricks
 Tinted glass

13. REFLECTIVE GLASS
 Coating of a metal compound applied on one surface by
chemical deposition.
 Reflects light and solar heat
 May be applied on any type of glass and thickness upto half an
inch
 Uses: principally used in curtain wall glazing and structural
glazing, train windows(AC compartments), doors and
windows of commercial buildings, partitions and internal wall
cladding.
 Disadvantages: Causes light pollution and is hazardous to
traffic.
 Thickness - Cost
 4-6mm - Rs 53/sqm

14. INSULATING GLASS
 Factory assembled unit consisting of two or more panes of
glass separated by air spaces.
 Moisture proof
 The periphery of the air spaces is hermetically sealed.
 There are two types of such sealed units:
 - Organic seal type: Two or more panes of glass separated
by air spaces sealed at their edges with an organic seal.
 - Glass edge type: Two sheets of clear single strength or
double strength glass fused together at their edges enclosing a
nominal 3/16 inches air space. This type of glass is not
produced with multiple air spaces.

15. SAFETY GLASS
 Developed basically for vehicular purposes where safety from
fracture of glass is a major concern.
 Requirement of uninterrupted vision rules out the use of
wired glass.
 Is of two types-
 Laminated safety glass
 Toughened safety glass

16. LAMINATED GLASS
 Made in the form of a sandwich consisting of an interlayer of
transparent plastic material such as celluloid between two
sheets of plate or sheet glass.
 Celluloid placed between sheets already coated with gelatin
and specially prepared enamel.
 Adhesion achieved by applying considerable heat and
pressure.
 When one or both sheets of this composite material are
broken the glass adheres to the inter layer so that there is no
danger from the flying fragments

17. TOUGHENED GLASS
 Pieces of sheet or plate glass suspended in electric furnace
until soft and suddenly cooled by blowing air on both sides.
 Fragments have no cutting edge.
 Toughened glass withstands a dead load more than four times
that of ordinary glass.
 Additional compressive stresses in the surfaces makes the
glass stronger.
 Can safely accommodate high tensile forces due to the pre-
stress.
 Fracture can occur once the pre-stress has been exceeded.

18. GLASS BRICKS
 These are hollow glass units or blocks of glass shaped to work as
bricks
 Joined with the help of silicon sealants to obtain seamless finish
 The two outer, exposed surfaces may be smooth or textured.
 Glass blocks can be coloured and have decorated surfaces.
 Walls of glass blocks meeting fire resistance are also possible.
 Found in Indonesian, Sri Lankan, Chinese, USA, German varieties
 Srilankan and Indonesian
 varieties: Rs 80 per piece
 European clear: Rs 350/pc
 European coloured: Rs 450/pc
 Chinese clear: Rs 52/pc
 Chinese coloured: Rs 152/pc
 Sizes: 71/2 “ by 71/2” by 3 “

19. TINTED GLASS
 Manufactured by adding a dye at the molten glass stage
 Used to minimize solar heat gain and glare while it also absorbs heat.
 Available in grey, bronze, green, blue and blue/green
 Allows for increased control of comfort and energy usage
 Sizes available:
 Grey and Bronze - 4mm, 5mm, 6mm,8mm,and 10mm
 Blue - 6mm
 Green - 5mm, 6mm, and 10mm
 Blue/Green - 6mm and 10mm
 Thickness - Rate/sq ft (Rs.)
 3mm - 22
 4mm - 30
 5mm - 35
 6mm - 38
 8mm - 70

20. GLASS WOOLS
Glass wool is a thermal insulation that consists of intertwined
and flexible glass fibers, which causes it to "package" air, and
consequently make good insulating materials. Glass wool can
be used as filler or insulators in buildings, also for
soundproofing.

21. Glass makingGlass making
 Pot processPot process
 Tank processTank process

22. Pot ProcessPot Process
 The manufactured of high quality glass such asThe manufactured of high quality glass such as
optical and mirror glass & small quantities ofoptical and mirror glass & small quantities of
specialty glassspecialty glass
 Hazard of hand shoveling & filling of the potsHazard of hand shoveling & filling of the pots
 Optical and specialty glasses contain heavy metalsOptical and specialty glasses contain heavy metals
(lead, barium and manganese)(lead, barium and manganese)

23. Pot FurnacePot Furnace

24. Tank ProcessTank Process
 Permits enclosed &continuous feeding of bathPermits enclosed &continuous feeding of bath
ingredient (reduced dust exposure)ingredient (reduced dust exposure)
 Refractory blocks and bricks used in theRefractory blocks and bricks used in the
construction of the furnaces and tanks containconstruction of the furnaces and tanks contain
free silica.free silica.

25. Tank FurnaceTank Furnace

27. The blow pipeThe blow pipe

28. Pressing & BlowingPressing & Blowing

29. Continuous float processContinuous float process

30. PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
Transparency: This property allows visual connection with the outside
world. Its transparency can be permanently altered by adding
admixtures to the initial batch mix. By the advent of technology clear
glass panels used in buildings can be made opaque. (Electro
chromatic glazing)
U value: The U-value is the measure of how much heat is transferred
through the window. The lower the U-value the better the insulation
properties of the glass– the better it is at keeping the heat or cold
out.
Strength: Glass is a brittle material but with the advent of science and
technology, certain laminates and admixtures can increase its
modulus of rupture( ability to resist deformation under load).

31. Greenhouse effect: The greenhouse effect refers to
circumstances where the short wavelengths of visible
light from the sun pass through glass and are absorbed,
but the longer infrared re-radiation from the heated
objects are unable to pass through the glass. This
trapping leads to more heating and a higher resultant
temperature.
Workability: It is capable of being worked in many
ways. It can be blown, drawn or pressed. It is possible
to obtain glass with diversified properties- clear,
colorless, diffused and stained. Glass can also
bewelded by fusion.

32. Recyclable: Glass is 100% recyclable, cullets (Scraps of broken or
waste glass gathered for re-melting) are used as raw materials in glass
manufacture, as aggregates in concrete construction etc.
Solar heat gain coefficient: It is the fraction of incident solar
radiation that actually enters a building through the entire window
assembly as heat gain.
Visible transmittance: Visible transmittance is the fraction of visible
light that comes through the glass.
Energy efficiency and acoustic control: Energy-efficient glazing is
the term used to describe the double glazing or triple glazing use in
modern windows in homes. Unlike the original single glazing or old
double glazing, energy-efficient glazing incorporates coated (low-
emissivity) glass to prevent heat escaping through the windows. The
air barrier also enhances acoustic control

33. CHEMICAL PROERTIES
Polycarbonate: This elastic is 300 times stronger than glass, is resistant to most
chemicals, is twice as lighter than class, has high abrasion and impact
resistance. It can transmit as much light as glass without many distortions.
Applications include window, green house glazing etc.
Acrylic: Acrylic is made of thermo plasticsis weather resistant, is 5 times
stronger than glass but is prone to scratches. It has excellent optics, is softer
than glass but can accumulate a lot of dust. This is extensively used in to make
playhouses, green house etc.
GRP panels: GRP is manufactured by combining hundreds of glass strands
together using a pigmented thermosetting UV resin.Glass-reinforced plastics
are also used to produce house building components such as roofing laminate,
canopies etc. The material is light and easy to handle. It is used in the
construction of composite housing and insulation to reduce heat loss.
ETFE: Ethylene tetrafluoroethylene is a plastic with high strength and
corrosion resistance. It has high energy radiation resistance properties, it is
strong, self cleaning and recyclable.

34. SITE VISIT

35. SUBMITTED BY
ABHISHEK JAIN
RICHA JAISWAL
MAHENDRE BHIST
MD. AYAZUL QAMAR KHAN