6. RELATIVE PRONOUNS
SUBORDINATING CONJUNCTIONS
• Time: after, before, while, when,
since, until
• Cause and effect: because, now,
since, as, in order that, so that
• Opposition: although, though, even
though, whereas, while, in spite of
• Condition: if, unless, only if,
whether or not, even if, in case
(that)
Who, whose, whom,
which, whoever,
whomever, whichever,
that
Complex Sentences are made by
using subordinating conjunctions/
relative pronouns
7. I love reading
story books.
I can read
story books
only if I have
free time.
I love reading
but I don’t like
doing so on an
e-reader.
As I cannot go to
library, I have
started to search e-
books and I am
reading one story
every week.
Examples of Simple, Complex, Compound & Complex-
Compound Sentences
8. Structure of a Compound- Complex
Sentences
At least two independent clauses and one or more
dependent clauses.
Uses
Academic
writing
Organize
different
ideas
Variety
&
Fluency
Example 1: Though Ravi prefers
Hollywood action films, he went to see a
Hindi film with his friends, and he
enjoyed it a lot.
Example 2: I found my new smartphone
to be very complicated, but my daughter,
who is good with gadgets, helped me to
figure it out.
9. Fill in the blanks with the suitable phrases:
1.These peanuts were given……………….
2.The herd of animals interacts freely……………..
3.The current inhabitants………… are members............
of the Giraffe Manor with the family
to giraffes of the Carr-Hartley family
Identify the dependent/ independent clause in the following
sentences:
4.When she was ten, her family moved back to Paris.
5. When they hunted, they brought food back for
Shaun to eat.
10. 1.These peanuts were given to giraffes.
2.The herd of animals interacts freely with the family.
3.The current inhabitants of the Giraffe Manor are
members of the Carr-Hartley family.
The answers are:
4.When she was ten, her family moved back to Paris.
5. When they hunted, they brought food back for Shaun to eat.
Green- dependent clause Pink – Independent clause
11. Purpose of writing
When writing to convey information and to discuss simple ideas, it
is appropriate to use basic sentence constructions like simple
sentence and elementary compound sentences.
However, when writing creatively and when you need to display a
more mature and sophisticated style of writing, you must use a
variety of sentence constructions.
By doing so you reduce the monotony that comes from repetition
and infuse life and rhythm into your writing.
12.
13.
14.
15. Dependent clause introduced by subordinating conjunctions
1. We left the room ……………the lesson was completed. (time)
2. He lost the match ………….. he had trained very sincerely.(opposition)
Dependent clause introduced by relative pronouns
1. Please return the book ………… I loaned you last week.
2. I got a letter from the boy ………….. home I had lived in while studying
in Mumbai.
16. Dependent clause introduced by subordinating conjunctions
1. We left the room when the lesson was completed. (time)
2. He lost the match even though he had trained very
sincerely.(opposition)
Dependent clause introduced by relative pronouns
1. Please return the book that I loaned you last week.
2. I got a letter from the boy whose home I had lived in while studying in
Mumbai.
17. Identify the following sentences as simple,
compound and complex:
1.The house has seen a long line of owners over the years.
2.The current inhabitants of the Giraffe Manor are members of
the Carr-Hartley family, who purchased the house and
surrounding estate in 2009.
3.The owners have done this over the years so the animals get a
chance to breed and grow in numbers.
4.Shaun Ellis’ childhood fascination with wolves developed into
a deep interest in the natural world.
18. The answers are:
1.The house has seen a long line of owners over the years. [Simple]
2.The current inhabitants of the Giraffe Manor are members of the
Carr-Hartley family, who purchased the house in 2009. [Complex]
3.The owners have done this over the years so the animals get a
chance to breed and grow in numbers. [Compound]
4.Shaun Ellis’ childhood fascination with wolves developed into a
deep interest in the natural world. [Simple]
