The document discusses key aspects of smart grids including their importance, structure, and communication techniques. A smart grid uses advanced sensing, communication, and control technologies to modernize electricity delivery systems. It allows two-way communication between utilities and consumers to save energy, reduce costs and emissions. The smart grid consists of home, neighborhood and wide area networks connected by various wireless and wired technologies. Efficient data centers and renewable energy integration are also discussed along with challenges in fully realizing smart grid benefits.

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2. Contents
 Today’s grid and its losses
 What is smart grid
 Importance and structure of smart grid
 Energy efficient communication techniques in smart grid
(AMI,HAN,NAN,WAN)
 Efficiency techniques in datacenters
 Green data centers and its challenges
 Behind the meter concept and its research directions
 Barriers of smart grid
 Conclusion
 reference
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3. Today’s grid … an engineering marvel
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4. Grid inefficiency
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5. • A smart grid puts information and communication
technology into electricity generation, delivery, and
consumption, making systems cleaner, safer, and more
reliable and efficient.
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smart grid
Current electricity grid
Advance sensing technologies
Control methods
Communications
SMART GRID

6. The Smart Grid is a combination of hardware,
management and reporting software, built a top an
intelligent communications infrastructure.
In Smart Grid, consumers & utility companies have tools
to manage, monitor and respond to energy issues.
The flow of electricity from utility to consumer becomes
a two-way conversation
This save consumers money, energy, delivering more
transparency in terms of end-user use, and reducing
carbon emissions.
What is smart grid
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7. 7
what does the concept of smart grid
look like ?
Electrical Infrastructure
“Intelligence” Infrastructure

8. Why smart grid
Integrate isolated technologies : Smart Grid enables
better energy management.
Energy efficiency of the system
Proactive management of electrical network during
emergency situations.
It uses sensors and software for Better demand supply /
demand response management.
Better power quality
Reduction in the emission of green house gases
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9. To be smart..
 Identify and resolve faults on electricity grid
 Automatically self-heal the grid
 Monitor power quality and manage voltage
 Identify devices or subsystems that require
maintenance
 Help consumers optimize their individual electricity
consumption (minimize their bills)
 Enable the use of smart appliances that can be
programmed to run on off-peak power
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10. Energy efficient communication
 Smart grid can be divided into 3 domains in terms of
communication infrastructure.
 HAN( Home Area Network) : Single residential unit with
smart appliances, energy display, smart meter etc.
 NAN(Neighbor hood area network): A group of houses
possibly fed by the same transformer.
 WAN(Wide Area Network): Group of NAN connected to the
utility operator.
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11. SG Comm. Network (SGCN)
Neighbor Area Network
(NAN)
Home Area Network (HAN)
Power Generation Power Transmission Grid Power Distribution Grid Power Consumption
Smart
MeterSubstationSubstation Customer
Microgrid
Microgrid
Power System Layer
Communications Layer
Wireless
Backhaul
Base
Station
Control Center
Wired Backhaul
Network
Wide Area Network (WAN)
Smart
Meter
Data Aggregation
Point (DAP)
Electric Vehicle
Solar EnegyWind Enegy
Non-renewable Enegy
Concentrator Smart
Home
Device
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12. The components of intelligent
energy management
 Intelligent energy management provides a platform that
empowers
 real-time insight, analysis and control, as well as integration
with the expanding smart grid infrastructure.
 In order to comprise an energy efficient operating system,
 smart grid-base
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AMI
 It is a check meter.
 controls the electric energy used
with the demand reaction technique
 remotely managing the load of the
energy and power consumed

13. Advanced Metering
Infrastructure (AMI)
 In building and home lighting devices consume about 40% of
the total power produced.
 It is estimated that over 45% energy can be reduced if we
use an efficient energy management system
 Using the smart controller with DR functionality to apply
smart grid for effective energy consumption in building and
home
 Demand response is By which consumers reduce
consumption in response to energy price fluctuations,
demand charges, or a direct request to reduce demand when
the power grid reaches critical levels.
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14. Smart meter
 Communication- able to communicate
with the data management system which
is placed on a server
 It allows the utility to switch off the
power remotely and to switch the power
back on.
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15. Energy efficient wireless
communication for HAN
ZIGBEE
 Short range
 Low data rates
Wi-Fi
 Easy and fast communication
 Less prone to path loss
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16. Energy efficient wireless
communication for
NAN
 3G
 4G
 WIMAX(world wide interoperability for microwave access)
 Carries high volume data
 In NAN utilizes PSM mode which allows wireless nodes to
sleep when they are not receiving or transmitting
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17. Energy efficient wireless
communication for
WAN
 Third generation (3G)
 Fourth generation (4G)
 Word wide interoperability for microwave access
(WIMAX)
 Able to carry high volume data
 Allows multiple link between source and destination
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18. Energy efficient wire line
communication
PLC (POWER LINE COMMUNICATION)
 Basic idea: Use existing electrical wires to transport data
 High bit rates: Up to 200 Mb/s
 Impacted by disturbances in low voltage network
 Applications: Broadband Internet access
 indoor wired local area networks, utility metering and
control, real-time pricing, distributed energy generation
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19. Representative SG Standards
C12.18
C12.19
C12.22
M-Bus
Zigbee
Wi-Fi
SAE J2293
SAE J2836
SAE J2847
IEEE P2030
BACnet
OpenADR
DRBizNet
IEC 61850
DNP3
Distributed Energy
Resources
IEC 61400-25
IEEE 1547
Commercial user
Residential user PHEV
Wind farm
IEC 61850-7-420
Smart
meter
Wi-Fi
SUN
3G/4G Cellular
Substation
Wide Area Network
Home Area Network
Neighbor Area Network
3G/4G
Cellular Wi-Fi
SONET
WiMAX
IEC 61850
DNP3
CIM
Control center
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20. Green data center
 Data center powering them from renewable resources
(solar & wind power)
 It offers less OPEX ,reduced carbon emission
 When ever there is a shortfall of renewable energy at one
data center virtual machines are migrated towards another
data center which is capable of working on renewable
energy
 If surplus power is generated at the data center it can be
sold to the grid
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21. Research directions on
“BEHIND THE METER”
 “behind the meter “refers to renewable resources operated at
data center facilities
 On site renewable energy generation is costly so data centers can
signup with local renewable energy generation
Less carbon emission effect
More cost effective technique
 Contract to allow the data center to migrate their workloads to
another data center that when there is excessive user demand
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22. Challenges of data centers hosting
smart grid
 Interactions of smart grid and data center include use of data
center at the service of power grid
 Eg: frequency monitoring network(FNET)
Collects time stamped measurements from the grid using a
frequency disturbance recorder(FDR) which provides
functionalities such as
* Real time event alerts
* Accurate event location estimation
* Animated event visualization
*Post event analysis
 This interaction between data center and smart grid have not
been established yet
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23. Overview of Smart Grid
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24. Loop holes of smart grid
 Present Infrastructure is inadequate and requires
augmentation to support the growth of Smart Grids.
 Most renewable resources are intermittent and can not be
relied on (in its present form)for secure energy supply
 Regulatory Policies to deal with consequences of Smart Grid;
like off peak, peak tariffs and other related matters.
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25. Conclusion
 Smart grid has modernized the way
electricity is generated
 Increases reliability and power quality .
 Improves responsiveness and efficiency .
 Potentially reduces costs for the provider and consumer .
 Adds intelligence throughout the newly networked grid .
Decrease Greenhouse gas emissions.
 Reduces client-side power consumption
 green data centers are more efficient
 Smart grid is the main challenge in front of the electrical
society
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THINK ‘SMART’!!!

26. REFERENCE
• Melike Erol-Kantarci.Hussain T.mouftah Energy efficient information and
communication infrastructure in the smart grid :a survey on interaction and open
issues .
• J.Pouchet “smart grid technology helps data centers conserve
energy”enviornmental and energy management news
http://www.enviornmentalleader.com/2013
• G.Zimon”integrating distributed generation into the smart grid”,IEEE Smart
grid.dec.2013,http;//smart grid.ieee.org/december-2013/1013
• H.T.Mouftah &m.erol-kantarci”smart grid commuication:oppertunities and
challenges”.in handbook of green informationand communication system
• Z.fan et al”smart grid communication :over view of research challenges,solutions
standardisation activities:ieee communication survey
• D.feng et al ‘’a survey of energy –efficient wireless communication,”.Ieee commun
surveys
• D.feng et al”a survey of energy –efficient wireless communications”IEEE commun
• X.Fang S Misra G XUE “smart grid –the new and improved power grid ‘a survey on
ieee commun 26

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28. We have the technology.
We have the lessons learned.
We just have to apply it!
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29. THANKYOU!!
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