8430908

1. By: Ashley Code

2.  Traumatic Brain Injury by Federal Government definition
means an acquired injury to the brain by an external
physical force, resulting in total or partial functional
disability or psychosocial impairment or both, that
adversely affects a child’s educational performance. TBI
applies to open or closed head injuries resulting in
impairments in one or more areas, such as cognition;
language; memory; attention; reasoning; abstract thinking;
judgment; problem solving; sensory, perceptual and motor
abilities; psychosocial abilities; physical functions;
information processing; and speech. The term does not
apply to brain injuries that are congenital or degenerative,
or to brain injuries induced by birth trauma.

3.  A TBI is caused by a bump, blow or jolt to
the head or a penetrating head injury that
disrupts the normal function of the brain
 Half caused by “ Transportation accidents”
 Such as ; Car accidents, Motercycle accidents
or bicycle accidents
 20% are due to violence
 Very small percentage in sports

4. •Falls (35.2%);
•Motor vehicle – traffic (17.3%);
•Struck by/against events
(16.5%); and
•Assaults (10%).

5.  Infant’s and
toddlers; 50% due
to falls between
the ages of 0-14
 Kids & teens;
emergency departments
(EDs) treat an estimated
173,285 sports- and
recreation-related TBIs,
including concussions,
among children and
adolescents, from birth to
19 years. Has increased by
60%
 16-19 yr olds have high
vehicle accidents
Older Adults: The rates of
fall-related TBI
hospitalization increased
with age, with the rate or
persons aged 85 or older
more than twice that or
persons 75 to 84 years of
age and six times that of
persons 65 to 74 years of
age.

6.  •Thinking (i.e., memory and reasoning);
 •Sensation (i.e., touch, taste, and smell);
 •Language (i.e., communication, expression,
and understanding); and
 •Emotion (i.e., depression, anxiety,
personality changes, aggression, acting out,
and social inappropriateness)
 TBI can also cause epilepsy and increase the
risk for conditions such as Alzheimer’s
disease, Parkinson’s disease, and other brain
disorders that become more prevalent with
age.1

7. Concussions and Mild TBI
Severe TBI
Shaken Baby syndrome

8. Physical Cognitive Social/
Emotional
Educational
Headaches Short term
memory
problems
Mood Swings Difficulty with
multistep tasks
Fatigue Long-term
memory
problems
Anxiety Requires
consistent
schedule and
routine
Muscle
contractions
Attention
Deficit
Depression Needs
distractions
reduced
Imbalance Disorganization Restlessness Requires
shortened
assignments
Paralysis Non-
sequential
thinking
Lack of
motivation
Must have lots
of
opportunities
for practice of
new skills

9.  Estimated 1.7 million people sustain a TBI
annually
 About 75% of TBIs that occur each year are
concussions or other forms of mild TBI
 •In every age group, TBI rates are higher for
males than for females
 •Males aged 0 to 4 years have the highest
rates of TBI-related emergency department
visits, hospitalizations, and deaths

10.  1.Buckling your child in the car
 2.Wearing a seat belt every time you drive or
ride in a motor vehicle
 3.Never driving while under the influence of
alcohol or drugs.
 4.Wearing a helmet and making sure your
children wear helmets
 5.Making living areas safer for seniors
 6.Making living areas safer for children
 7.Making sure the surface on your child's
playground is made of shock-absorbing
material, such as hardwood mulch or sand