Political ups and downs from 1988 to 1999. Reforms and reasons of down fall of Nawaz Sharif and Banazir Bhutto Government from 1988 to 1999 duration.

1. POLITICAL HISTORY (1988-1999)
A comparative study of Muhammad Nawaz Sharif & Benazir Bhutto
Submitted To: Sir Shoaib Sahib
Submitted By: Madeeha Almaas
M.Phil. Pakistan Studies Semester II
Department of Pakistan Studies NUML

2. CONTENTS
 THIRD DEMOCRATIC ERA (1988-1999)
 TENURE OF BANAZIR BHUTTO (1988-1990)
 TENURE OF NAWAZ SHARIF (1990-1993)
 TENURE OF BENAZIR BHUTTO(1993-1996)
 TENURE OF NAWAZ SHARIF (1997-1999)
 THIRD MILITARY ERA
 Pervez Musharraf: 1999-2008

3. TENURE OF BANAZIR BHUTTO 1988-1990
 BACKGROUND AND EARLY CAREER
 DEATH OF GEN ZIA-UL-HAQ
 BANAZIR BHUTTO BECAME THE PRIMEMINESTER (1ST WOMAN PRIME MINISTER IN
THE MUSLIM WORLD)
 4TH SAARACK CONFERRENCE
 PARTY ALLIANCE
 FOREIGN POLICY
 PRESEDIENTAL ELECTION
 VARIOUS PROBLEMS REALTED TO GOVERNMENT
 DISSOLVE ASSEMBLIES AND CARE-TAKER GOVERNMENT

4. BACKGROUND AND EARLY CAREER
 BANAZIR BHUTTO WAS BORN IN KARACHAI ON JUNE 21, 1953
 SHE WAS DAUGHTER OF Z.A.BHUTTO (FORMER MEBER OF
PARLIAMENT AND DEPUTY PRIME MINISTER OF PAKISTAN, HE WAS
ALSO EX. FOREIGN MINISTER)
 SHE MARRIED TO MR.ASIF ALI ZARDARI ON DECEMBER 18, 1987
 AFTER ELECTIONS HELD IN NOVEMBER 1988, B.B BEACME FIRST
FEMALE PRIMEMINSTER IN PAKISTAN BUT HER GOVERNMENT WAS
DISMISSED IN AUGUST 1990. SHE AGAIN CAME IN POWER AFTER
PARTY WON MAJORTY IN ELECTIONS HELD IN OCTOBER 1993. HER
GOVERNMENT WAS ONCE AGAIN DISMISSED IN NOBEMBER 1996.

5. DEATH OF GEN ZIA-UL-HAQ
 ZIA-UL-HAQ WAS CHIEF OF ARMY STAFF IN 1988, HIS PALNE WAS DIED IN AN
AIR CRUSH ON AUGUST 17,1988. HE WIENT TO BHAWALPUR TO SEE THE
DEMONSTRATION OF TANKS. ON HIS RETURN JOURNEY , HIS AIR CRAFT C-130
EXPLODED IN AIR AFEW MINUTES AFTER TAKER OFF FROM BHAWALPUR.
 WITH DEATH OFF ZIA-UL-HAQ , THE 11 YEARS OF MILITARY RULE CAME TO
END.
 AFTER THE DEATH OF ZIA , CHAIRMAN SENATE GHULAMA ISHAQ KHAN
BECAME THE NEXT ACTING PRESIDIENT OF PAKISTAN ACCORDING TO
CONSTITUTION.
 ELECTIONS WERE HELD IN NOVEMBER 1988. ON 16 NOVEMBER 1988
ELECTIONS FOR NATIONAL ASSEMBLY AND ON 19 NOVEMBER ELECTION FOR
PROVINCIAL ASSEMBLIES WERE HELD.

6. 1ST TENURE OF BANAZIR BHUTTO
 In the 16 November 1988 election, Pakistan Peoples Party won 94 seats in the
National Assembly.
 Benazir Bhutto became the 11th Prime Minister of Pakistan on 2 December 1988.
Parties Alliances:
 With the cooperation of 8 members from M.Q.M and 13 members from FATA , the
PPP showed a clear majority.
 On the other hand , the IJI comprised the PML, JI, JUI, NATIONAL PEOPLE’S
PARTY(NPP), JAMIAT MASHAIKH PAKISTAN(JMP), AZAD GROUP and
JIHAD.
 These parties and groups contested the election under the symbol of the
‘BICYCLE’ against the Bhutto led PPP with the symbol ‘ARROW’

7.  4th SAARC conference
 The PPP government hosted the 4th S.A.A.R.C summit conference in 29-
dec-1988 held in Islamabad.
 As the result of conference , Pakistan and India finalized different
agreements.
Presidential Elections:
 Four candidates took part in the elections, Ghulam Ishaq Khan won the
Presidential election with securing the highest 608 votes against Nawabzada
Nasrullah Khan on December 12, 1988.
Foreign Policy:
 The government of Benazir Bhutto adopted a ‘ No- Confrontation Policy’ with
India.
 Bilateral tension increased in early 1990, when Kashmiri militants began campaign
of violence against Indian gov. authority in Jammu and Kashmir.

8. Rejoin with Common wealth:
 After separation with common wealth Pakistan rejoin with Common Wealth in
1989.
Social Welfare:
 The government had announced the people works program for development
and social welfare of the country. For providing employment to the public , a
department , placement bureau was setup. Thousand of people got employment
through it.
Facing Problem with Government:
 Many of the things that she had promised in her election campaign were not
delivered because Pakistan state did not have the finances to fund them. She had
claimed that million new homes would be built, free education and health care
would be introduced, none of which was economically feasible for her
government to deliver.
 The country also faced a growing problem with the illegal narcotics trade, with
Pakistan being one of the world’s highest heroin exporter and having rapidly
growing levels of domestic usage. Benazir Bhutto promised that she would take
tough action on the power full drug barons.

9. Dissolve assemblies:
 Serious conceptual differences arose between the PPP government and the
establishment. On two points the appointment of the military chiefs and superior
court judges. Less then two years on august 6, 1990 , her gov. was accused of
corruption and so dismissed by the president Ghulam Ishaq khan who exercised
his power through the controversial 8th amendment of the constitution from
power on the charges of corruption.
Care Taker prime Minster:
 President Ghulam Ishaq Khan dissolved the National and provincial assemblies on
august 6,1990 and declared a state of emergency in the country. Elections were
schedules to be held on October 24, 19990. Ghulam Ishaq Khan did not appoint
a neutral or Non-Pakistan caretaker cabinet or Prime Minster. He choose the
leader of the opposition in the former National assembly Ghulam Mustafa Jatoi ,
as the new care taker prime minster of Pakistan.

10. TENURE OF NAWAZ SHARIF (1990-1993)
 Benazir Bhutto government dismissed
 Parties Alliance
 Glimpse of Nawaz Sharif’ s Rule
 Nawaz Projects
 Motorway project
 Foreign policy of Nawaz Sharif
 Fall of Nawaz Sharif
 Care taker Prime Minster

11. Benazir Bhutto Government Dissolved:
 The Ghulam Ishaq Khan dismissed Benazir Bhutto Government . The 7th elections
for the National and provincial assembly were held on October 24, 1990.
 Mian Muhammad Nawaz Sharif the Ex- chief Minster of Punjab was elected as
the 12th Prime Minster of Pakistan on November 6, 1990.
Parties alliances:
 Nawaz Sharif and IJI won 105 seats , Nawaz Sharif made an alliance with Awami
National Party and JUI(F)
 Nawaz Sharif form Government with the support of 153 MNA’s

12. Glimpse Of Nawaz Sharif Rules:
 Emergency lifted off in November 7, 1990.
 Pivitization commission
 Domestic issues
 National Financial; commission Foreign Investment
 Agricultural policy(May1990)
 Self Employment Scheme Army employment scheme
 Army operation in Sindh
 Conservative Policy
 Science Policy

13. Nawaz Projects:
 Motorway Project
 The Gwadar Miniport Project
 Ghazi Barotha Project
 Murree and Kahuta Project
 Yellow cab Scheme
Motorway project:
 The Motorway Project inaugurated in January 11, 1992. It was 337 Km long
and 80 meters wide, its cost was billion 686 million rupees.
 Construction project was given to DAEWOO company .

14. Foreign Policy of Nawaz sharif:
 Maintain good relation with USA, Then USA payed the economic aid ($546
million ) and also give 17 F-7 planes
Fall of Nawaz Sharif:
 Nawaz Sharif regime was far better than Benazir Bhutto
 The national assembly remained busy in legislation, but the Nawaz Sharif not
have satisfied relations with president Ghulam Ishaq Khan.
 Assemblies Dissolved at April 18, 1993
Care taker government:
Ghulam Ishaq Khan appointed Mir Balakh Sher Khan Mazari the care taker Prime
Minster, general Elections were scheduled to be held on July 14, 1993.Mazari’s tenure
ended on May 26, 1993 re instead Nawaz as the Prime Minster. Moin Quarashi a
worlds top Bank official was appointed as the care taker Prime Minster and Ghulam
Ishaq Khan was appointed as Care taker President.

15. Tenure of Benazir Bhutto 1993-1996
 Resignation of P.M and President
 Benazir became Prime Minster
 Presidential elections
 Train March and Wheel Jam Strike
 Visit of Pakistan by First U.S Lady
 Pakistan stance on F-16 Fighter Jets
 Relationship of Prime Minister and MQM
 Plans for Former and women
 De- assassination of Murtaza Bhutto
 8th 5 Year plan
 Foreign Visits and the Kashmir issue
 Khyber Pakhtunkhwa government
 President Farooq Laghari Dismissed Benazir Bhutto
 Care taker P.M

16.  After the resignation of prime minster and president with the help of alliances
after elections B.B became the prime minster of Pakistan.
 Mr. Farooq Khan Laghari Became the President of Pakistan.
Train march and Wheel Jam Strike:
During the 2nd tenure , B.B again faced trouble from the opposition. In the autumn
of 1994 , Nawaz Sharif led a train March from Karachi to Peshawar. This was followed
by General strike on September 20. Two weeks later Nawaz Sharif called a “ wheel
Jam” Strike on October 11.
Visit Of First U.S Lady :
The 2nd Tenure of Benazir was however highlighted by the visit of the U.S first lady
Hilleary Clinton and her daughter in 1995.
Relation ship with M.Q.M:
A smooth relation ship could not be found between M.Q.M and government

17. Plans for Former and women:
 Benazir set up Kissan Bank for providing loans to farmers and launched the
National tractor Scheme. Social and health policies were framed for women.
Women police stations and courts were set up for providing legal facilities to this
class.
Development Programes:
During her 2nd tenure , construction of Karachi flyover bridge were started.
Lahore By pass was started.
8th 5- Year Plan:
 MRS. Bhutto made successful visits to Iran and Turkey, she Gained Moral support
of these countries an the Kashmir issue. Many agreements of cooperation in
different fields were signed.
Khyber Pakhtunkhwa Government:
The provincial assembly was dissolved , Pir Sabir shah (PMLN) as a chief minster
dismissed and Aftab Ahmed Sheir Pao (PPP) selected as C.M

18. President Farooq Laghari Dismissed Benazir Government:
 Difference soon appeared and the government felt that the president
interference in the political matter of the government. President Farooq Laghari
dismissed Benazir Government on charges of corruption and mismanagement on
November 5, 19996, under the article 58(2) B of the 18th amendment.
Care Taker Prime minster:
 Malik Maeraj Khalid held the office of the prime minster from November 5, 1996
to February 17, 1997.

19. Tenure of Nawaz Sharif (1997-1999)
 Election 1997.
 13th Amendment
 14th amendment
 Resignation of President Laghari
 New President M. Rafiq Tarar
 Nuclear Test
 15th amendment
 Resignation of General Karamat
 New Army Chief
 Retire Debt , Adorn the Country scheme
 Census of 1998
 Lahore Declaration
 Lahore Islamabad Motorway
 Kargil Offensive
 Termination of P.M

20. Election 1997:
9th election were held on Feb 3, 1997. PML won the election PML got 137 seats and
PPP won 18 seats.
Nawaz sharif took office on the 18th Feb 10097 with a new cabinet.
13th amendment:
Having announced the 13th amendment Nawaz Sharif said that it had been
introduced to revive of the democratic concept , as envisaged by the Quaid-e-Azam
and Allama Iqbal.
14th amendment:
The 14th amendment to the constitution of Pakistan was an amendment passed by
July1, 1997 During Nawaz Government, it was related to party discipline , that any
party member spoke or voted against their party, party leader received unlimited
power to dismiss any of their legislators.
Resignation of Laghari:
Nawaz Sharif faced serious confrontation with the judiciary and the executive which
eventuated to the resignation of president Laghari on December 2, 1997.

21. New President M.Rafiq Tarar:
After Laghari Resignation New president Rafiq Tarrar took oath to his office on
January 1,1998. he was a former judge of the supreme court and a senator.
15th amendment:
The proposed amendment included addition of a new article 2B in the constitution
and amendment of article 2239. It also sought to impose sharia law as a supreme
lawing Pakistan.
Nuclear Test:
On May 28, 1998 Pakistan became a nuclear power when it successfully carried out
five nuclear test at Chaghi (Balochistan) this was indirect response to five Nuclear
explosions by India.
Resignation of General Karamat:
The 15th amendment was presumed to be an effort by Nawaz Sharif to acquire
additional power for himself. Soon a serious conflict and confrontation emerged on
the sense between him and the military generals. Tis led to the resignation of Gen.
Karamat on October 1998.

22. New Army Chief:
General Karamt Was replaced by General Parvez Musharaf
Retire Debt adorn the country’s Scheme:
Economic scheme of the country was not improving and the government had take
loans from the IMF. Nawaz appeal to the nation to pay off the foreign loans. The
nation welcomed this scheme and about RS17 billion were collected till June 1999 in
this head.
Census of 1998:
The Census of the people was conducted in 1998. the population of the country
reached over 13 crores according to this census.
Lahore declaration:
In order to normalization relation between India and Pakistan Nawaz Sharif under
took a major initiative in February 1999. Indian P.M Atal Beharai Vajpayee visited
Pakistan via bus, across the Wahga border in 1999. Both state heads met at Wahga
border and a joint communique known as the “Lahore Declaration” was signed.
Majority of the Pakistanis welcomed this move by the Nawaz government to
normalize relation with India.

23. Kargil offensive:
In1999 a war broke out between India and Pakistan on Cargill. Later on intervention
of the American president , Bill Clinton both countries declared cease fire
Termination Of P.M:
On October 12, 1999, the Pakistan Army Chief once again ousted the civilian
government. At the time Prime minster Nawaz Sharif headed the government. The
coup immediately followed the premier’s attempt to replace the Army chief while he
was on tour to Sri Lanka. After two days of chilling uncertainty chief of Amy staff
Gen. Pervez assumed the title of Chief Executive.
Third Military Era General Pervez Musharraf 1999-2008