Anders Hauge Engebretsen
Former researcher at the Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center. Resident at the Oslo University Hospital, Rikshospitalet/ Ullevål, Department of pediatric surgery.
-
The Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center and hamstring injuries
(6th MuscleTech Network Workshop)
13th and 14th October, Barcelona 2014
5. www.ostrc.no – www.klokeavskade.no
… to prevent injuries and other health problems in sports through research on risk factors, injury mechanisms and injury prevention methods in sports, particularly football, team handball and alpine skiing.
6. Combining clinical work and research
Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center
Oslo University Hospital (Ullevål)
Olympic Training Center
7. The partners
Olympic
Training Center
Ullevål University
Hospital
Oslo Sports Trauma
Research Center
Norwegian Research Center for Active Rehabilitation (NAR)
13. Swanson & Caldwell Med Sci Sports Exerc 32: 1146-1155, 2000
When does the injury occur?
Maximal EMG- activity during sprinting:
Towards end of swing phase – eccentric phase
Push-off during knee extension
17. Drawer and Fuller -01; Andersen et. al -04; Ekstrand et al.-10; Ekstrand et al-13
Type of injury
- muscle injuries
20-45%
- joint and ligament
18-48%
- contusion
14-20%
- fracture
2-7%
18. Risk of hamstring injury
6-29% of all injuries in football, Australian rules football, rugby, basketball, track sprint
High recurrence rate
Woods -04; Orchard -02; Meeuwisse -03; Croisier -04; Brooks -05; Brooks -05; Garrett -06; Engebretsen -13; Alonso -11; Petersen -10; De Vos -14
19. Risk of hamstring injury
Continued high prevalence of injury rates from 2001 to 2008
Eccentric training seems promising for prevention
Prevention of hamstring strains more effective than knee injuries
Drawer and Fuller -01; Andersen et. al -04; Ekstrand et al.-11; Ekstrand et al-13; Petersen et al -10
20. Risk factors
Previous injury
Age
Males vs Females
Low hamstring strength
Low H:Q strength ratio
Low ROM?
Inadequate warm-up before maximal activity?
Muscular fatigue towards end of match or training?
Peak performance?
Junge & Dvorak 2000; Dupont 2010; Ekstrand 13;
21. Mechanisms of injury
40-60% player to player contact
20% «foul play»
Muscle injuries
Running
Giza et al. -03, Andersen -04 et al., Fuller -04 et al., Ekstrand et al. -13
22. Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center
Background
Hamstring injuries
Prevention
Risk factors
Discussion
Take Home message
Hamstring injuries
23. Football and injuries Screening, risk factors and prevention
Anders Hauge Engebretsen
Oslo Sports Trauma Research Center, Norwegian School of Sport Sciences
&
Orthopaedic Center, Division of Neuroscience and Musculoskeletal Medicine
Ullevaal University Hospital
24. Age
Physical fitness (speed, spenst)
Previous injury
Weight/height
Impared function
Anatomy
Multifactorial model of etiology
Exposure to extrinsic
risk factors
Inciting event
Predisposed
athlete
Athlete
at risk
INJURY
Intrinsic risk factors
Risk factors for injury
Injury mechanisms
Meeuwisse WH: Clin J Sports Med 4; 166-170, 1994
25. All players (n=508)
Testing for potential risk factors
Questionnaire
Clinical examination
Specific tests
26. All players (n=508)
Players with increased risk of injury (n=388)
Players with low
risk of injury (n=120)
Simple self assessment (questionnaire)
Previous injury last year
Impaired function
27. All players (n=508)
Players with increased risk of injury (n=388)
Players with low risk of injury (n=120)
Simple self assessment (questionnaire)
High risk
intervention group
(n=193)
28. All players (n=508)
Players with increased risk of injury (n=388)
Players with low
risk of injury (n=120)
Simple self assessment (questionnaire)
High risk
control group
(n=195)
High risk intervention group (n=193)
29. All players (n=508)
Players with increased risk of injury (n=388)
Players with low
risk of injury (n=120)
Simple self assessment (questionnaire)
High risk control group (n=195)
High risk intervention group (n=193)
Low risk
control group (LRc)
(n=120)
30. Number of players with different programs
115 players - one program
72 players - two programs
21 players - three programs
2 players - four programs
105 ankle programs
81 hamstrings programs
65 knee programs
64 groin programs
Total 315 programs
31. Nordic Hamstring exercise
Week
1
2
3
4
Sessions/week
1
2
3
3
Sets and Repetitions
2 x 5
2 x 6
3 x 6-8
3 x 8-10
5-10
3
3 x 12+10+8
10+
1
3 x 12+10+8