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^eZo]nI
(tPymXnjw)
{KŸImc≥
at{¥izc≥
aebmfw X¿÷a
ap√∏n≈n
^eZo]nI aebmfw X¿÷a
{KŸkqNn
1. ^eZo]nIbpsS hymJym߃
1. ‰n. F≥. mWp]n≈ Bim≥,
Fkv. Sn. B¿. ]ªnt°j≥kv, sIm√w.
(10thEdition)
2. Dr. G. .S. Kapoor,
RanjanPublications,NewDelhi(1991)
3. Pandit Gopesh Kumar Ojha and
PanditAshutoshOjha,
MotilalBanarsidassPublishers,
Delhi. (2008)
4. sNdph≈n mcmbW≥ ºqXncn,
tZhn _p°v Ãmƒ, sImSpß√q¿ (2009)
2. a‰p {KŸßƒ
1. i_vZXmcmhen -˛ {ioIWvtTizcw Pn. ]flm`]n≈
2. tPymXnjnL≠p ˛ HmW°q¿ i¶cKWI≥
IqSmsX, tlmcmimkv{Xw, PmXI]mcnPmXw, PmXImtZiw, {]ivam¿§w XpSßnb nch[n
KŸßfpw tUm. _n.hn. cma≥, F≥. C. apØpkzman XpSßnb B[pnI BNmcy∑mcpsS
]pkvXIßfpw Cu X¿÷abpsS cNbn¬ D]tbmKn®n´p≠v.
Cu ]pkvXIsØ°pdn®v...
`mcXobtPymXnjØnp KWnXw, kwlnX, tlmc F∂nßs aq∂p kvI‘ß
fp≠v. ip≤KWnXhpw {KlßfpsS ÿmn¿ÆbØnp≈ KWmk{ºZmbßfpamWv
KWnXkvI‘Øn¬ hcp∂Xv. Cu `mKamWv ]n∂oSp tPymXn»mkv{Xw ( Astronomy)
BbnØo¿∂Xv. kwlnX, tlmc F∂o kvI‘ßfn¬ hcp∂ ImcyßfmWv C∂sØ
tPymXnjw. (Astrology).
tlmcmkvI‘amWv tPymXnjØnse G‰hpw {]m[myhpw {]Nmchpap≈ `mKw.
aplq¿Øw, {]ivw, nanØw, PmXIw F∂nßs mep `mKßfmbn CXns
Xncn®ncn°p∂p.
HcmfpsS PkabsØ {KlÿnXn ASnÿmam°n AbmfpsS PohnXØnse
`qX˛h¿Øam˛`mhnImekw`h߃ {]hNn°mp≈ D]m[nbmWv PmXIw. PmXIØns‚
ASnkvYmw I¿Ωkn≤m¥amWv. Hcmƒ Hcp {]h¿Øn sNbvXm¬ C∂s√¶n¬ msf
Abmƒ AXns‚ ^ew Ap`hn°pw F∂XmWv I¿Ωkn≤m¥w.
PmXIkw_‘ambn nch[n {KŸßƒ nehnep≠v. AXnhn]pehpw
AXnk¶o¿Æhpamb Hcp hn`mKamWnXv. hcmlanlnc≥ (F.Un Bdmw q‰m≠v) Xs‚
ImeØp e`yambncp∂ F√m tlmcm{KŸßfpw kw{Kln®v tlmcmimkv{Xw AYhm
_rl÷mXIw F∂ Hcp {KŸw cNn®n´p≠v . PmXIhn`mKØn¬ C∂p In´mhp∂
{KŸßfn¬ sh®v G‰hpw {]Nmcap≈Xv CXpXs∂bmWv. A¿∞_mlpeyap≈ 386
t«mIßfmWv CXnep≈Xv. Hmtcm t«mIØnpw ]e A¿∞ßfpw Ahbn¬ hnhn[amb
kqNIfpap≠v. q‰ºXn¬∏cw hymJym߃ CXnp≠mbn´ps≠∂p ]dbptºmƒØs∂
Cu {KŸØns‚ aqeyhpw KlXbpw hy‡amIp∂p≠t√m. Zim≤ymbn, hnhcWw
XpSßnb AXns‚ hymJym߃°pXs∂ kzX{¥{KŸßfpsS ]Zhn e`n®n´p≠v.
IqSmsX, ]pcmWßfpsS coXnbn¬ FgpXs∏´ _rlXv]cmictlmc (F´mw q‰m≠v),
kmcmhen (]Ømwq‰m≠v), ^eZo]nI 13/16 q‰m≠v), PmXI]mcnPmXw (]Xn©mwq‰m≠v)
XpSßn alØpw _rlØpamb nch[n {KŸßƒ PmXIhnjbØn¬ {]Nmctadnbh
bmWv. Chtbmtcm∂pw AXmXp ImetZi߃°pkcn® {]tXyIXIfpw Hu∂Xyhpw
]pe¿Øp∂hbpamWv.
^eZo]nI cNn°s∏´Xv ]Xnaq∂mw q‰m≠ntem, ]Xnmdmw q‰m≠ntem F∂
Imcyw X¿°hnjbamWv. AXpt]mse {KŸI¿Ømhmb at{¥izcs°pdn®pw
A`n{]mbhyXymkßfp≠v. At±lØns‚ t]¿ am¿°mfib`´{Xncn F∂msWWpw,
aebmf{_m“WmsW∂pw AX√ t]¿ am¿°mtfib`´¿ F∂msWpw Xangvm´pImc
msW∂pw A`n{]mbßfp≠v. AXv Hcp]t£ kqNn∏n°p∂Xv tIcfhpw XangvmSpw
H∂mbn°nS∂ Hcp ImesØbmbncn°mw. `mjbpsS ImcyØn¬ ^eZo]nI, PmXI
]mcnPmXtØ°mƒ {]mNoamWv. AsX¥mbmepw, a{¥izc≥ Pohn®Xv Xncps¬
thenbnemsW∂Xnv ^eZo]nIbn¬Øs∂ kqNIfp≠v. kymkw kzoIcn®v At±lw
tZimSw SØnsb∂pw Xncns®Øn AhkmmfpIƒ Xncps¬thenbn¬Øs∂
Ign®psh∂pw ]dbs∏Sp∂p.
^eZo]nIbv°p a‰p tPymXnj{KŸßsf At]£n®v ]e {]tXyIXIfpap≠v.
{][mambpw tlmcmimkv{XØnset∏mse {]uVKw`ocamb t«mIßfn¬ Imcy߃
HXp°n∏dbp∂ DZmØamb BJymcoXnXs∂. ]e t«mIßfpw A]q¿hkpμcßfmWv.
AXpt]mse D≈S°Øns‚ ImcyØnepw ^eZo]nI ^etPymXnjØns‚ Hcp
F≥sskt¢m]oUnbt]mse.bmWv. a‰p {KŸßfn¬ ]dbmØtXm kqNn∏n°pIam{Xtam
sNbvX Zp¿LSamb Imcy߃ CXn¬ hfsc efnXambpw hniZambpw hnhcn®n´p≠v.
DZmlcWØnv ImeN{IZi, AjvSh¿§w, D]{KlßfpsS kzm[nw, Nme^ew
XpSßnbhXs∂ aXnbmIpw. cminIƒ, `mh߃, {Kl߃, {Kl_ew, `mh_ew,
e·^ew, `mh^ew, {Kl߃ `mhßfn¬ n∂mep≈ ^e߃, kv{XoPmXIw,
]p{XtbmKw, Bbp v˛tcmKw˛acWw F∂nh n¿Æbn°mp≈ hnhn[ am¿§ßƒ,
^eßfpsS kabn¿ÆbØnpXIp∂ Nmc^ew F∂nßs nch[n Imcy߃
^eZo]nIbn¬ hnkvXcn®p {]Xn]mZn®n´p≠v.
^eZo]nIbv°v aebmfØn¬ Ct∏mƒØs∂ c≠p hymJym߃ e`yamWv.
mWp]n≈ Bims‚ efnXamb hymJymhpw sNdph≈n mcmbW≥ ºqXncnbpsS
{]uVKw`ocamb hymJymhpw. F∂m¬ c≠pw XmcXayw sNbvXp≈ ]TØn¬
sXfn™Xv ]ebnSØpw I≠ ckIcamb kmayXbmWv. ]ebnSØpw h≈n]p≈n
hyXymkan√. DZmlcWØn,v Hcp t«mIØns‚ A¿∞Øn¬ c≠nepw `mpkpXw
kqcymWv. IqSmsX, c≠pw km{ºZmbnI AYhm ]mcºcy coXnbnep≈hbmWv.
hm°pIfpsS A¿∞w {]tXyIambn sImSp°pI F∂ dnkvIv Ah¿ FSpØn´n√. Aßns
Ds≠¶nte tPymXnjw ]Tn°p∂h¿°p Imcy߃ kz¥ambn aw sNbvsXSp°mmIq.
Cu X¿÷abn¬ Ignbp∂nStØmfw ]Zmp]Zw ]n¥pScm≥ {ian®n´p≠v. CXp
km¿∞Iam°p∂Xnv, t«mIØnepw A¿∞Ønepap≈ sX‰v Hgnhm°n FSp°p∂Xnmbn,
ta¬∏d™ c≠p hymJym߃°p ]pdsa, Cw•ojnep≈ c≠p hymJymßfpw
AhtbmSp tN¿Øpsh®p ]Tn°pIbp≠mbn. sX‰pIƒ Cnbpw _m°nbp≠mImw.
hnhcap≈h¿ Ah Nq≠n°mWn®m¬ kkt¥mjw XncpØp∂XpamWv.
Ahkmambn Cu X¿÷a SØnb Bsf°pdn®p ]dtb≠Xpw Ncn{X]camb
HcmhiyamWv. 1945 Pq¨ 10˛v ap√∏n≈n C√Øv IrjvW≥ CfbXnt‚bpw tßen
A¥¿÷Ønt‚bpw aImbn Xriq¿ Pn√bnse Ipgqcn¬ Pn®p. [mcmfw FgpXnbn´p≠v.
Fgp]Xmwhb nemWv Cu {KŸw ]q¿Ønbm°p∂Xv,
hnjbhnhcw
A≤ymbw hnjbw ˛ t]Pv
1 kw⁄m≤ymbw (cminIfpw `mhßfpw) 1˛23
2 {Klt`Zm≤ymbw ({Klßsf°pdn®v Adntb≠sX√mw.) 24 ˛ 60
3 h¿§ßfpw Awißfpw 61˛79
4 jUv_ew, N{μ{Inb apXembh 80 ˛ 97
5 I¿Ω-mPo-h-{]-I-cWw 98 ˛ 104
6 tbmK-߃ 105 ˛ 149
7 kzXxkn≤cmPtbmK߃ 150 166
8 `mhm{i-b-^ew- ({Kl-߃ `mh-ß-fn¬ n∂m-ep-≈ ^ew) 167 ˛ 196
9 {Kl߃ cmin-I-fn¬ (e·^ehpw {Kl߃ D®w, kzt£{Xw
apXembhbn¬ n∂m-ep-≈ ^ehpw) 197 - 207
10 Ggmw `mhNn¥ 208 ˛ 219
11 kv{XoPmXIw 220 - 228
12 ]p{XNn¥ 229 - 246
13 Bbp¿n¿Æbw 247 - 261
14 tcmKw, acWw, Ign™ P∑w, ASpØ P∑w 262 - 280
15 `mh-Nn-¥m-hn[n 281 - 300
16 `mh^ew 301 318
17 ncymW{]IcWw 319 -˛ 330
18 Zzn{K-l-tbm-K^eßfpw ]{μ-s a‰p {Kl-߃
ZrjvSn-sN-bvXmep-≈ ^e-ßfpw a‰pw 331 ˛ 342
19 Zim-^ew 343 ˛ 357
20 `mhm-[n-]- Z-im-^ew 358 ˛ 384
21 A-]-lm-c-^-ew 385 ˛ 420
22 Bbp¿±mbZiIƒ 421 ˛ 448
23 AjvSIh¿§w 449 ˛ 468
24 AjvSIh¿§w (XpS¿®) 469 ˛ 492
25 D]{Kl߃ 493 ˛ 511
26 Nmc-^ew 512 ˛ 536
27 kymktbmK߃ 537 ˛ 540
28 D]kwlmcw 541 ˛ 542
Ap_‘w
1 {KlßfpsS h¿§_ew (A≤ymbw 3) 543 ˛ 554
2 jUv_ew, N{μ{Inb apXembh (A≤mbw 4) 555 ˛ 582
3 ImeN{IZibnse ZimmY]´nI (A≤ymbw 22) 583 ˛ 585
4 `mcXobtPymXnjw ˛ Hcp ]Tw 586 ˛ 596
Q^^^^^^
1
111
A≤ymbw 1. (kw⁄m≤ymbw) 1
1A
1
A≤ymbw 1
kw⁄m≤ymbw
hnjbhnhcw
t«mI߃
1. cminIƒ
1, 2 awKmNcWw
3 KWnX`mKw
4. cminIfpw Ime-]p-cp-js‚ Ahbhßfpw
cmin-k‘nIƒ
cmin-kz-cq]w
5. cmin-ÿm-߃
6. {Kl-ß-fpsS cmiym-[n-]Xyw
kuc-bqYhpw {Kl-ß-fpsS cmiym-[n-]Xyhpw
{Kl-ß-fpsS D®-cm-in-Ifpw AXyp®ÿmßfpw
7. {Klß-fpsS aqe-{Xn-tIm-W-cm-in-Iƒ
c-cm-in-Iƒ, IoS-cm-inIƒ, Pe-cm-in-Iƒ, NXp-jv]m-ZcminIƒ
8. ]rjvtTm-Z-b ˛ D`-tbm-Z-b ˛ io¿tjm-Zbcmin-Iƒ
cm{Xn-cm-in-Iƒ, ]I¬ cmin-Iƒ
Du¿≤-˛-A-[-˛-k-a-cmin-Iƒ
9. Nc-˛ÿn-c˛-D-`-b-cm-in-Iƒ XpSßnbh
]pcp-j-cminIƒ, kv{Xo-cm-in-Iƒ XpSßnbh
cminIƒ°v Zn°p-I-fpsS B[n]Xyw
hmamw-K-Z£n-Wmw-K-cm-in-Iƒ
2. `mh-߃
10˛16 1 apX¬ 12 hscbp≈ `mhßfpsS hnhcWw.
16 eo-ÿm--߃.
17 Zpÿm--߃, kpÿm߃, tI{μ-߃
18 ]W-]cw, Bt]m-¢naw,
NXp-c{iw.
D]-Nbw.
{XntImWw
11211
2
ic1
^eZo]nI 2
2A
pp
1. cminIƒ
(1)
kμ¿iw hnX-ptX ]nXr-tZ-h-rWmw
amkm-_vZ-hm-k-c-Z-ssf-c-Y(1)
Du-¿-≤zKw bXv
khyw IzNnXv IzNn-Zp--ss]-Xy-]-k-hy-taIw
tPymXnx ]cw ZniXp hkvXz-anXmw {inbw x.
kμ¿iw hnX-ptX - ˛ kμ¿in-°p∂p (Z¿iw ¬Ip-∂p),
]nXr-tZ-h -rWmw ˛ ]nXr-°ƒ°pw tZh-Iƒ°pw ap-jy¿°pw
(]nXr-˛-tZ-h-˛-a-pjytemI-߃°v),
amk A_vZ hm-k-c- ˛ amkw, A_vZw (h¿jw), hmkcw (Znhkw)
Ch-bpsS,
Z-ssf-x AY ˛ ]IpXn hoXw,
Du-¿-≤zKw ˛ apI-fn-tebv°p Kan-°p-∂Xv,
bXv ˛ bmsXm-∂mtWm,
khyw ˛ CS-tØm-´v (sXt°m´v˛Z-£n-Wm-b-w),
IzNnXv ˛ Nnte-SØv, Nne-t∏mƒ,
IzNn-Xv D--ss]-Xn- A]-k-hyw ˛ Nnte-S-Øv (Nne-t∏mƒ) he-tØm-´v
(hS-t°m-´ v˛ -DØcm-b-w) k©-cn°p-∂p,
GIw tPymXnx ]cw -˛ ]ca-amb B tPymXn- v,
ZniXp ˛ ImWn-°s´ (¬Is´),
hkvXp AanXmw {inbw ˛ Af-h‰ sFiz-cysØ,
x ˛ ap°v.
]mTt`Zw:(1) A[ Du¿≤zKw F∂p sNdph≈n. F∂m¬ AYbpsS ImcyØn¬
sX°pn∂pap≈ mWp]n≈ Bimpw, hS°pn∂pap≈ Pn.Fkv. I]qdpw Htc
A`n{]mb°mcmWv. Cu AY˛A[ hyXymkØnp ImcWw tZhmKcnen]nsb
At]£n®v {KŸm£cØnp≈ ]cnanXnbmbncn°Ww.
kmcw:: ]nXr-°ƒ°pw tZh-Iƒ°pw ap-jy¿°pw amk-Øns‚ ]Ip-Xn, h¿j-Øns‚
]Ip-Xn, Znh-k-Øns‚ ]IpXn F∂ {Ia-Øn¬ Z¿i--a-cpfn, F√m-‰npw apIfn¬ Db¿∂pn∂p
{]Im-in-°p-∂, Bdp amkw sXt°m´pw Bdp amkw hS-t°m´pw k©-cn-°p∂, ]c-a-amb B
tPymXn v (kq-cy-tZ-h≥) ap°p k¿h sFiz-cy-ßfpw {]ZmwsNø-s´.
1.k3
3
Q^^^^^^
3
333
A≤ymbw 1. (kw⁄m≤ymbw) 3
3A
3
(2)
hmKvtZhow Ipe-tZ-hXmw aa Kpcq≥ Ime{Xb⁄m-Zm≥
kqcym-Zow› h-{K-lm≥ KW-]Xnw `‡ym {]W-tay-izcw
kw£n]ym{Xn-]-cm-i-cmZn IYn-Xm≥ at{¥iztcm ssZhhnZv˛-
ht£y f lw ^e-Zo-]nImw kphnaemw tPymXn¿hnZmw {]oXtb.
hmKvtZhow ˛ kc-kz-Xo-tZ-hnsb,
Ipe-tZ-hXmw ˛ [¿Ω-ssZ-h-ßsf,
Ime{Xb⁄m-Zm≥ ˛ {XnIm-e-⁄m-n-I-fmb
aa Kpcq≥ ˛ Fs‚ Kpcp-m-Y-∑msc,
kqcym-Zow› h-{K-lm≥ ˛ kqcy≥ XpS-ßnb h-{K-l-ßsf,
KW-]Xnw ˛ KW-]-Xnsb,
Cuizcw ˛ Cuiz-cs (inhs)
`‡ym {]W-ay ˛ -`‡n-tbmsS {]W-an-®n´v,
A{Xn-]-cm-i-cmZn ˛ A{Xn, ]cm-i-c≥ XpS-ßnb al¿jn-am-cm¬,
IYn-Xm≥ ˛ ]d-b-s∏´ (tPymXnj^e⁄mw)
kw£n]y ˛ Npcp°n Xømdm°nb
^e-Zo-]nImw kphnaemw ˛ ]hn-{X-amb Cu ^e-Zo-]nIsb
tPymXn¿hnZmw {]oXtb. ˛ tPymXnjhnZzm∑-mcpsS {]oXn°mbns°m≠v
at{¥iztcm ssZh]nZv ˛ at{¥izcssZh⁄mb
ht£y Alw ˛ Rm≥ hnhcn°p∂p
kmcw: hmKvtZhXbmb kc-kz-Xo-tZ-hn, Ipe-tZ-h-X, Kpcp-m-Y-∑m¿, kqcy-`-K-hm≥
XpS-ßnb h-{K-l-߃, KW-]-Xn, ]c-a-in-h≥ Chsc `‡ntbmsS hWßn ssZh-⁄-
mb Rm≥, at{¥-iz-c≥, tPymXn-jm-Nm-cy-∑m-cmb A{Xn, ]cm-i-c≥ XpS-ßnb al¿jn-am-
cm¬ D]-tZ-in-°-s∏´ tPymXn-j-imkv{Xw ]WvUn-X-∑m-cpsS {]oXn-°-mbn-s°m≠v Npcp°n
hnh-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv.
(3)
]Zm-`m-ssZy¿bss{¥¿Pka-tbm f {X {]Y-atXm
hnti-jm-Zzn-t⁄-b-x kl hnL-Sn-Im`n-kvXzY XZm
KssX¿ZrIv XpeyXzw KWn-XI-cssWx tJN-c-KXnw
hnZnXzm XZv`mhw _e-a]n ^ew ssXx IY-b-Xp.
{]Y-aXx ˛ BZy-ambn,
]Zm-`m-ssZyx bss{¥x ˛ ASn-b-fthm D]-I-c-W-ßtfm sh®v,
Pka-bx A{X ˛ P--k-abw,
kl hnL-Sn-Im-`nx Xp AY ˛ hnm-gnI klnXw,
hnti-jmXv hn--t⁄-b-x ˛ {]tXyIw Adn-bWw.
AXnp tijw,
KssXxZrIv XpeyXzw KWn-XI-cssWx ˛ Zr§-Wn-X-{]-Imcw IW-°p-Iq´n,
3
ic1
^eZo]nI 4
4A
pp
tJN-c-KXnw ˛ (B kabsØ) {Kl-ÿnXn,
XZv`mhw_ew A]n ˛ `mhhpw _ehpw Dƒs∏sS
hnZnXzm ˛ Adn-™n´v
^ew ssXx ˛ Ah-bpsS -^ew,
IY-b-Xp ˛ ]d-bpI.
BZy-ambn icn-bmb P--k-abw Is≠-Øp-I. F∂n´v B P--ka-b-sØ {Klne
KWn-®p-≠m-°p-I. (sk¬ t^mWn¬ hsc Akvt{SmfPn tkm^v‰vshb¿ e`yamb C°meØv
Hcp {Kl netbm Xe°pdntbm Xømdm°m≥ nanj߃ am{Xw aXn). AXn-p-tijw
{Kl-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ `mh-ßfpsSbpw `mhm-[n-]-∑m-sc∂ nebv°v {Kl-ß-fpsSbpw
_ehpw -^eZm--ti-jnbpw Nn¥ns®Sp-°pI.- C{Xbpw sNbvXn´pthWw Cn ]d-
bm≥t]mIp∂ PmXI-^e-{]-h-Nnb-a-߃sh®p PmX-I-^ew Nn¥n®pXpS-ßphm≥.
(4)
intcm-h-‡vtdm-tcm-lr-÷-T-c-I-SnhkvXn{]P-˛
ÿem-yqcq Pmtzm¿bp-K-f-anXn PwtL ]Z-bpKw
hne-·m¬ Imemw-Km-y-fn-Q-j-Ip-fo-cm-¥n-a-anZw (1)
`k-‘n¿hn-JymXm kI-e-`-h-m-¥m-]n ]tc.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: AfnQjIpfocmfn Ncaw
cminIfpw Ime-]p-cp-js‚ Ahbhßfpw
cmin-N-{I-Øn¬ PmX-I-Øn¬
AwKw (cmin) (`mhw)
inc ˛ inc v taSw 1
h{‡ ˛ apJw CShw 2
Dc ˛ s©v anYpw 3
lrZv ˛ lrZbw I¿°-SIw 4
PT-c ˛ hb¿ Nnßw 5
ISn ˛ Ac-s°´v I∂n 6
hkvXn ˛ s]m°nfnp Xmsgbp≈ `mKw,
(aq{Xm-ibw) Xpemw 7
{]P---ÿ-em≥ ˛ P-t-{μnbw hr›nIw 8
Ducq ˛ XpS-Iƒ [p 9
Pmtzx bpKfw ˛ Im¬ap-´p-Iƒ aIcw 10
PwtL ˛ IW-¶m-ep-Iƒ Ipw`w 11
]Z-bpKw ˛ ]mZ-߃ aow 12
hne-·m¬ ˛ Cßs e·w apX¬°v
Imemw-Kmn ˛ Ime-]pcp-js‚ -AwK-߃ BIp-∂p.
3
Q^^^^^^
5
555
A≤ymbw 1. (kw⁄m≤ymbw) 5
5A
5
cmin-N{Iw ÿe-am-W;v -k-abhp-am-Wv. ÿew 360 Un{Kn-bp≈ hrØ-am-sW-¶n¬, kabw
60 mgnI AYhm 24 aWn-°q¿ ssZ¿Lyap≈ Znh-k-am-Wv. KWn-Xw-sIm≠vv Chsb ]c-
kv]cw am‰n-sb-Sp-°mw. cmin-N-{IsØ Ime-]p-cp-j-mbn ImWp-∂-Xns‚ ASn-ÿmhpw
C-Xm-Wv.
Imemw-Kmn hcmw-K-am---aptcm lrXv t{ImU-hm-tkm f `rtXm
hkvXn-¿hy-RvP--aq-cpPm-p-bp-Ktf PwtL XtXm f w-{Ln-Zzbw
tajmizn{]Yam h¿£NcWm›{IÿnXm cmitbm,
cmint£{XKrl¿£`mn `hw ssNIm¿∞k{ºXytb. ˛
(tlmcm-imkv{Xw 1-˛4)
Ime-]p-cp-js‚ Ah-b-h-߃ 360 Un{Kn hrØ-amb cmin-N-{I-Ønƒ taSw apX¬°pw
PmXIØn¬ e·w-ap-X¬°pw Nn¥n°Ww. tlmcm-imkv{XØnse t«mI-Øn¬ Imemw-
Kmn.....-N-{I-ÿnXm cmibx F∂-Xp-sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv cmin-N-{I-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ ]pcp-
j-s-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ ^e-Zo-]n-I-bn¬ hne-·m¬ F∂v FSpØp ]d-™n-´p-≈-Xp-sIm≠v
PmX-I-Øn¬ e·w- ap-X¬°mWv CXp Nn¥n-t°-≠-sX∂p hy‡-am-°p-∂p. Ct∏mƒ
km[m-cW sNbvXp-hcp-∂Xv IpP≥ PmX-I-Øn¬ Nnß-Øn-em-sW-¶n¬, Nnßw F{Xmw
`mh-amtWm AhnsS Hcp AS-bmfw ]d-bpI F∂-XmWv.
cmin-k‘nIƒ
Afn-Q-j-Ip-fo-cm-¥n-a-anZw
Afn ˛ tXƒ (hr›nIw),
Qjw ˛ a’yw (aow),
Ipfocw ˛ R≠v (I¿-°-SIw),
A¥naw ˛ Ah-km--cmin (aow),
CZw ˛ C{]-Imcw,
`k‘nx ˛ cmin-k‘nIƒ
hyJymXm ˛ F∂p {]kn≤w.
kI-e-`-h-m-¥m-]n ]tc ˛ cmin-Iƒ tNcp-∂n-S-sØ√mw k‘n-bp-
s≠∂pw Nne¿°v A`n-{]m-b-ap-≠v.
cmin-k‘nIfpw £{Xk‘nIfpw
ÿmw cmin-k-‘n- £-{X-k‘n
120w
I¿°Sw ˛ Nnßw B-bneyw ˛ aIw
240w
hr›nIw ˛ [p Xr-t°´ ˛ aq-ew
360w
aow ˛ taSw tc-hXn ˛ Aiz-Xn
N{μ≥ k‘n IS-°p-tºm-gmWv Kfim¥w. Kfim¥w aq∂p hn[-ap-≠v.
cminK-fim-¥w, £-{X-K-fim-¥w, XnYn-K-fim-¥w.
ic1
^eZo]nI 6
6A
pp
tlmcmimkv{Xw: 1˛7
iin`hmfnQjm¥ar£k‘n....
^e-Zo-]n-I-bnse ASpØ t«mI-Øn-tebv°p IS-°p-∂-Xn-p-apºv tlmcm-im-
kv{XØn¬n∂pXs∂ cmin-kz-cq]w hnhcn°p∂ Hcp t«mIw D≤-cn-°mw.
a’yu LSo ran-Ypw kKZw khoWw
Nm]o tcm-iz-P-Ltm aItcm arKmkyx
Xueox kkkyZlm πhKm N Iym
tijmx kzm-a-k-Zr-im -kz-N-cm› k¿th. (tlmcm-imkv{Xw 1-˛5)
cmin-kz-cq]w
1. a’yu ˛ c≠p a’y-߃ (ao-w)
2 LSo ˛ IpSw ]nSn-®-h≥ (Ipw-`w)
3 ran-Ypw kKZw khoWw ˛ KZ-tb-¥nb ]pcp-jpw, hoW ]nSn®
kv{Xobpw (anYpw)
4 Nm]o tcm-iz-P-Ltm- ˛ Nm]n cx Aiz PLx
˛ Acbv°p apI-fn¬, Iøn¬
hnt√m-Sp-Iq-Snb ]pcp-j≥,
Acbv°p Xmsg IpXn-c ([-p)
5 aItcm arKmky ˛ amns‚ apJap≈ aI-c-a’yw
Asæn amns ]IpXn
hngpßnb apXe (a-I-cw)
6 Xueo ˛ Xpem p ]nSn® ]pcp-j≥(Xp-emw)
7 kkkyZlm πhKm N Iym ˛ Hcp Iøn¬ kkyhpw at‰
Iøn¬ ]¥hpw ]nSn®v tXmWn-bn¬
Ccn-°p∂ Iy-I (I-∂n)
tijmx kzmakZrim ˛ tijn-®h Xß-fpsS t]cn--p-k-cn-®p-≈h
8. taSw ˛ BSv
9. CShw ˛ Imf
10. I¿°SIw ˛ R≠v
11. Nnßw ˛ knwlw
12. hr›nIw ˛ tXfv
kzN-cm› k¿th ˛ F√mw Xm¥m-ß-fpsS ÿe-ß-fn¬
k©-cn-°p-∂h.
kzN-cm› k¿th F∂-Xns‚ hni-Zo-I-c-W-amWv ^e-Zo-]n-I-bnse ASpØ t«mIw.
Q^^^^^^
7
777
A≤ymbw 1. (kw⁄m≤ymbw) 7
7A
7
(5)
ActWy tIZmtc ib--`-ht iz{`k-ente
Kncu ]mYx- kkym-zn-X-`phn hnimw[mavn kpjntc
Pm-[o-i-ÿmt kPehn]nt [mavn hnN-c¬
Ipemte Ioemte hk-Xn-cpZnXm taj-`-h-mXv.
ActWy ˛ Im´n¬,
tIZmtc ˛ hb-en¬,
ib--`-ht ˛ InS-∏p-ap-dnbn¬,
ip{`kente ˛ ip≤-P-e-Øn¬,
Kncu ˛ ae-I-fn¬,
]mYx kkym-zn-X-`phn ˛ Pehpw kky-ß-fp-ap≈ ÿew,
hnimw-[mavn ˛ I®-h-S-ÿ-e-߃,
kpjntc ˛ s]mØp-I-fn¬,
Pm-[o-i-ÿmt ˛ sIm´m-c-ß-fn¬,
kP-e-hn-]nt ˛ Pe-ap≈ Im´n¬,
[mavn hnN-cXv Ipemte ˛ a¨]m-{X߃-- D≠m°p-∂ ÿe-w
Ioemte ˛ Pe-Øn¬,
hkXnx DZnXm ˛ hmk-ÿmw ]d-b-∏-Sp-∂p,
taj-`-h-mXv ˛ taSw cmin-ap-X¬.
cmin-ÿm-߃
cmin kzcq]w ÿmw
1. ta-Sw BSv ImSv
2. C-S-hw Imf hb-¬
3. an-Yp-w bph-an-Yp--߃ InS-∏p-ap-dn
4. I¿°-S-Iw R≠v ip≤Pew
5. Nn-ßw knwlw ae{ºtZiw
6. I-∂n IyI Pehpw kky-ß-fp-ap≈ ÿew
7. Xp-emw Xpem v I®-h-S-ÿ-e-߃
8. hr-›n-Iw R≠v s]mØv
9. [-p cmPKpcp cmPkZ v
10. a-I-cw aI-c-a’yw Pemibßfp≈ ImSv
11. Ipw-`w IpSw a¨]m-{X߃-- D≠m°p-∂ÿe-w
12. ao-w c≠p a’y-߃ Pew
ic1
^eZo]nI 8
8A
pp
XX
(6)
`uax ip-{I-_p-t[μp kqcyiin-Pmx ip-{Im-c- Po-hm¿°Pmx
atμm tZh-Kpcpx {ItaW IYnXm tajmZn cmio-izcmx
kqcym-Zp-®-Krlmx {Intbm hrjar-K-kv{Xo -I¿°n -ao-m-kvXpemx
Zn{‡yw-ssi¿a-p-bpIv XnYojp`-Jmw-ssikvtX f kvX oNmx {IamXv.
{Kl-ß-fpsS cmiym-[n-]Xyw
`uax ip-{I....tajmZn cmio-izcmx ˛ taSw XpS-ßnb cmin-IfpsS m-Y-∑m¿
{ItaW IYnXm ˛ {Ia-Øn¬ ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂p....
cmin cmiym[n]≥
1. taSw `ua ˛ Ip-P≥ ˛ Ip
2. CShw ip{I ˛ ip{I≥ ˛ ip
3. anYpw _p[ ˛ _p[≥ ˛ _p
4. I¿°-Sw Cμp ˛ N-{μ≥ ˛ N
5. Nnßw kqcy ˛ chn ˛ c
6. I∂n iinPm ˛ _p-[≥ ˛ _p
7. Xpemw ip{I ˛ ip{I≥ ˛ ip
8. hr›nIw Bc ˛ Ip-P≥ ˛ Ip
9. [p Poh ˛ hymgw ˛ Kp
10. aIcw A¿°P ˛ i-n ˛ a
11. Ipw`w aμ ˛ i-n ˛ a
12. aow tZh-Kpcp ˛ hymgw ˛ Kp
£nXn-P-kn-X-⁄-N-{μ-c-hn-ku-ay-kn-Xm-h-nPmx
kqc-Kp-cp-ku-cn-a-μ-Kp-cp-h› Krlmw-i-I]mx (tlmcm-imkv{Xw 1˛6)
cminN{Ihpw {KlßfpsS cmiym[n]Xyhpw
aow taSw CShw anYpw
Kp Ip ip _p
Ipw`w I¿°SIw
a N
aIcw Nnßw
a c
[p hr›nIw Xpemw I∂n
Kp Ip ip _p
Q^^^^^^
9
999
A≤ymbw 1. (kw⁄m≤ymbw) 9
9A
9
kuc-bqYhpw {Kl-ß-fpsS cmiym-[n-]Xyhpw
kuc-bq-Y-Øn¬ {Kl-ß-fpsS ÿmw _p[≥, ip{I≥, -`qan, IpP≥,- Kpcp, in F∂
{Ia-Øn-em-Wt√m. Cu {Ia-Øn¬ Øs∂-bmWv {Kl-ß-fpsS cmiym-[n-]-Xyhpw hcp-∂Xv.
apI-fn se 6 FÆw N{μ-m[ohpw XmgsØ 6 FÆw kqcy-m[ohp-am-Wv. kqcyp]Icw
`qanbmWv Cu cminN{IØns‚ tI{μw F∂Xp am{XamWv Hcp hyXymkw.
{Kl-ß-fpsS D®-cm-in-Ifpw AXyp®ÿmßfpw
kqcym-Zp-®-Krlmx {Intbm hrjar-K-kv{Xo -I¿°n -ao-m-kvXpemx
Zn{‡yw-ssi¿a-p-bpIv XnYojp`-Jmw-ssikvtX f kvX oNmx {IamXv.
kqcymXv ˛ kqcy≥apX¬°,v
D®-Krlm ˛ D®cmin-Iƒ,
{Klw cmin
chn {Inb ˛ ta-Sw,
N{μ≥ hrj ˛ C-Shw,
IpP≥ arK ˛ a-I-cw,
_p[≥ kv{Xo ˛ I-∂n,
Kpcp I¿°n ˛ I¿°-S-Iw,
ip{I≥ ao ˛ aow,
in Xpemw ˛ Xpemw,
D®w `qXkwJybn¬
ZnIv ˛ ]Øp Zn°pIƒ ˛ 10
{Xywssix ˛ 3 `mK
ap-bpIv ˛ ap°ƒ 14, 14 $ 2 = 28
XnYn ˛ XnYnIƒ 15.
Cjp ˛ icw ˛ ]©ic߃ ˛ 5
`w ˛ 27 £{X߃ ˛ 27
J ˛ J߃ 10+ 10 = 20
AkvX ˛ (Chbp-sS) Ggmwcmin,
oN ˛ oN-ÿmw,
{IamXv ˛ {Ia-Øn¬.
ic1
^eZo]nI 10
10A
pp
]´nI
{Klw D®w AXp®w oNw AXnoNw
chn taSw 10T
Xpemw 10T
N{μ≥ CShw 3T
hr›nIw 3T
IpP≥ aIcw 28T
I¿°Sw 28T
_p[≥ I∂n 15T
aow 15T
Kpcp I¿°Sw 5T
aIcw 5T
ip{I≥ aow 27T
I∂n 27T
in Xpemw 20T
taSw 20T
kq-cyv taS-Øn¬ D®w. taS-w 10 Un{Kn-bn¬ AXyp®w. Cu coXnXs∂ a‰p-≈-
h¿°pw. D®-Øn¬n∂pw Ggmwcmin oNw. AXyp®Øn¬n∂pw 180T
Un{Knbn¬ AXnoNw.
AP-hr-j-`-ar-Kmw-K-m-Ip-focm
Qj-h-WnPu N Znhm-I-cmZn XpwKmx (tlmcm-im-kv{Xw : 1-˛13)
(7)
knwtlm-£m-Ph[qlbmwKhWnPx
Ipw`-kv{Xn-tIm-Wmx -c-thx
- t⁄tμmkvXq-®-e-hm∂tJmUzn--i-sscx
-ZnKv`q-X-Ir-Xyw-issIx
Nm]m-Zy¿[h-[qr-bp-Kv L-S-Xpem
a¿Xym› IoSm f fn`w
Xzm]ymx I¿°narKm-]-cm¿≤i^-cmx
tijm-›-Xp-jv]m-Z-Imx.
{Klß-fpsS aqe-{Xn-tIm-W-cm-in-Iƒ
{XntImtW ˛ aqe-{Xn-tIm-W-߃,
cth-x ˛ kqcy≥ apX¬°v,
aqe-{Xn-tIm-Wcmin aqe-{Xn-tIm-W`mK {Klw ]cn[n
knwl ˛ Nnßw, tJm ˛ Jw ˛ 20T
c 1˛20
D£ ˛ CShw, DUp ˛ £{X߃ ˛ 27T
N 4˛30
AP ˛ ta-Sw, C ˛ kqcy∑m¿ ˛ 12T
Ip 1˛12
h[p ˛ I-∂n, ic ˛ ic߃ ˛ 5T
_p 16˛20
lbmwK˛ [-p, ZnIv ˛ Zn°pIƒ ˛ 10T
Kp 1˛10
hWnP ˛ Xp-emw, `qX ˛ ]©`qX߃ ˛ 5T
ip 1˛5
Ipw` ˛ Ipw`w, IrXn ˛ 20T
a 1˛20
Q^^^^^^
11
111111
A≤ymbw 1. (kw⁄m≤ymbw) 11
11A
11
knwtlm hrjx {]Y-a-j-jvT-l-bmw-K-Xu-eo
Ipw`m-x {Xn-tIm-W-`-h-mn `h¥n kqcym-Xv. (tlmcm-im-kv{Xw: 1-˛14)
c-cm-in-Iƒ, IoS-cm-inIƒ, Pe-cm-in-Iƒ, NXp-jv]m-ZcminIƒ
(c≠p Imep-≈h, mep Imep-≈h, Pe-Øn¬ Ign-bp-∂-h....)
...Nm]m-Zy¿[h-[qr-bp-Kv L-S-Xpem a¿Xym› IoSm f fn`w
Xzm]ymx I¿°narKm-]-cm¿≤i^-cmx tijm-›-Xp-jv]m-Z-Imx.
Nm]mZy¿≤ ˛ [p BZysØ ]IpXn (Acbv°p apIfn¬),
h[p ˛ I∂n,
rbpKv ˛ anYpw,
LS ˛ Ipw`w,
Xpem ˛ Xpemw,
a¿Xym ˛ (Ch) a-p-jy cm-in-Iƒ,
IoS Afn`w ˛ hr›nIw IoS-cmin (Nne-hymJym
ßfn¬ aohpw ImWp∂p),
Xzm]ym ˛ A∏v cmin-Iƒ (Pe-/Pem{ibcm-in-Iƒ),
I¿°n ˛ I¿°-SIw,
arKA]-cm¿≤ ˛ aIcw at‰ ]IpXn (A-cbv°p Xmsg),
i^cm ˛ aow,
tijm ˛ _m°n-bp-≈h,
NXp-jv]m-ZIm ˛ mep Imep-≈h.
1. taSw ˛ m¬--°men
2. CShw ˛ m¬--°men
3. anYpw ˛ apjycmin
4. I¿°SIw ˛ Pe-cm-in-
5. Nnßw ˛ m¬--°men
6. I∂n ˛ apjycmin
7. Xpemw ˛ apjycmin
8. hr›nIw ˛ IoScmin
9. [p ˛ 1. BZysØ ]IpXn apjycmin
2. c≠masØ ]IpXn m¬--°men
10. aIcw ˛ 1. BZysØ ]IpXn m¬--°men
2. c≠masØ ]IpXn Pecmin
11. Ipw`w ˛ apjycmin
12. aow ˛ Pecmin.
ic1
^eZo]nI 12
12A
pp
(8)
tKmI¿°yiz-P- -{I-`m-yY rbp-Mv
ao-u- ]tc cmib˛
kvtX ]rjvtTm-`-b-tIm-Zbmx kanYpmx
]rjvtTmZ-bmss›μhmx
kucm-x tij-Krlmx {ItaW IYnXm
cm{XnZypkw⁄mx {Iam˛
Zq¿≤zm-[ -a-h-{I (1)
`mn Xp ]p˛
kvXo-£vWmwip ap‡m¬ Krlm¬.
(1) ]mTt`Zw : h{‡
]rjvtTm-Z-b ˛ D`-tbm-Z-b ˛ io¿tjm-Zbcmin-Iƒ
1. tKm ˛ CShw,
I¿°n ˛ I¿°-SIw,
Aiz ˛ [p,
AP ˛ taSw,
{I`mn ˛ aIcw F∂n-h A©pw,
2. rbpMv ˛ anYpw,
aou ˛ aow F∂n-h c≠pw
{Ia-Øn¬,
]rjvT ˛ ]rjvTwsIm≠v DZn-°p-∂-hbpw,
D`-b-tIm-Zb ˛ c≠p `mKw-sIm≠pw DZn-°p-∂-hbpw,
BIp∂p.
3. tijn-®h (Nnßw, -I-∂n, Xpemw,
hr›n-Iw, Ipw`w Ch A©pw) ˛˛ io¿tjm-ZbcminIfpw BIp-∂p.
cm{Xn-cm-in-Iƒ, ]I¬ cmin-Iƒ
1. kan-Ypm ˛ anYp-hpw,
]rjvtTm-Z-bx N ˛ ]rjvtTm-Z-b-cm-in-Ifpw,
Cμhm ˛ -N{μ-s‚ Iogn-ep-≈-hbmIp-∂p.
kucm tij -Krlm ˛ tijn-®h kqcys‚ Iogn-ep-≈-hbpw,
ItaW ˛ {I-a-Øn¬
IYnXm -˛ ]d-b-∏s∏Sp∂p.
2. cm{Xn ˛ cm{Xn cmin-Iƒ F∂pw,
Zyp ˛ ]I¬ cmin-Iƒ F∂pw,
kw⁄m ˛ t]cp-Iƒ,
IamXv ˛ {Ia-Øn¬ ]dbs∏Sp∂p
.
Q^^^^^^
13
131313
A≤ymbw 1. (kw⁄m≤ymbw) 13
13A
13
cm{Xn-cm-in-Iƒ cm{Xn _e-ap-≈-hbpw, ]I¬ cmin-Iƒ ]I¬ _eap-≈-hbpw
BIp-∂p.
]´nI
1. taSw ˛ ]rjvtTmZbw N{μm[ow cm{Xncmin
2. CShw ˛ ]rjvtTmZbw N{μm[ow cm{Xncmin
3. anYpw ˛ D`tbmZbw N{μm[ow cm{Xncmin
4. I¿°SIw ˛ ]rjvtTmZbw N{μm[ow cm{Xncmin
5. Nnßw ˛ io¿tjmZbw kqcym[ow ]I¬cmin
6. I∂n ˛ io¿tjmZbw kqcym[ow ]I¬cmin
7. Xpemw ˛ io¿tjmZbw kqcym[ow ]I¬cmin
8. hr›nIw ˛ io¿tjmZbw kqcym[ow ]I¬cmin
9. [p ˛ ]rjvtTmZbw N{μm[ow cm{Xncmin
10 .aIcw ˛ ]rjvtTmZbw N{μm[ow cm{Xncmin
11. Ipw`w ˛ io¿tjmZbw kqcym[ow ]I¬cmin
12 .aow ˛ D`tbmZbw kqcym[ow ]I¬cmin
tlmcm-im-kv{X-w: 1-˛10
tKmPm-izn-I¿°n-an-Ypmx karKm nimJymx
]rjvtTm-Zbm hnan-Ypmx IYn-XmkvX Gh
io¿tjm-Zbm Zn-_em› `h¥n tijmx......
Du¿≤-˛-A-[-˛-k-a-cmin-Iƒ
...Du¿≤zm-[k-a-h-{I`mn Xp ]pkvXo-£vWmwip ap‡m¬ Krlm¬.˛
Du¿≤z ˛ Du¿≤zcminIƒ,
A[ ˛ A[-a-cminIƒ,
k-a ˛ ka-cminIƒ,
h{I `mn Xp ]px ˛ h{I-cminIƒ F∂n-ßs,
Xo£vWmwip ap‡m¬ Krlm¬ ˛ kqcy≥ hn´ cmin-ap-X¬°v
{Ia-Øn¬ IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p.
DZmlcWw
kqcy≥ CShØn¬:
kqcy≥ apºp n∂ cmin ˛ taSw ˛ Du¿≤z
Ct∏mƒ (PØn¬ --)
n¬°p∂ cmin ˛ CShw ˛ A[
AXnSpØ cmin ˛ anYpw ˛ ka
]n∂sØ cmin ˛ I¿°SIw ˛ h{I
ic1
^eZo]nI 14
14A
pp
kq-cy≥ ]n∂n´ cmin-ap-X¬ ]{¥≠p cmin-I-sfbpw Cßs IW-°m-°Ww F∂mWv
Cu X¿÷abv°Snÿmamb, tZhmKcn en]nbnep≈, ]Xn∏pIfn¬ ImWp∂Xv. F∂m¬
sIm√w ]Xn∏n¬ Du¿≤zm[ a h{‡`mn Xp ]p kvXo £vWmwipap‡m¬ {Klm¬
F∂p aqehpw kqcy≥ hn´ cmin apX¬ mep cmin Du¿≤zapJ cminbpw AXnSpØ
mep cminIƒ XncyMvapJcminbpamWv F∂ A¿∞hpw sImSp Øncn°p∂p. A[w,
kaw, h{‡w F∂nhsb °pdn®vv H∂pw ]dbp∂n√. kqcy≥ hn´ cminapX¬ {IaØn¬
Du¿≤z apJw, At[mapJw, XncyMvapJw F∂nßsbpw ]d™p hcp∂p F∂mWv
sNdph≈nbpsS hymJymw. aplq¿Ø˛{]iv{KŸßfn¬ cminIsf Du¿≤zapJcmin,
At[mapJcmin, XncyMvapJcmin F∂p aq∂mbn Xcw Xncn°p∂p≠v. AXn¬ kqcy≥
]n∂n´ cmin Du¿≤zapJhpw Ct∏mƒ n¬°p∂ cmin At[mapJhpw AXnSpØ cmin
XncyMvapJhpamWv. h{Iw/h{‡w Fs∂m∂v AXnen√. Hmebn¬ tZhmKcnen]nbn¬
]I¿Øn FgpXptºmƒ h{‡w h{IambXmsW∂pw hcmw. AsX¥mbmepw, Zn√n
]Xn∏pIfn¬ AXp h{IwXs∂bmWv.
(9)
tajm-Zml Ncw ÿncm-Jy-ap-`bw Zzmcw _ln¿K¿``w
[mXp¿aq-e-an-Xol Poh-ap-ZnXw {Iqcw N kuayw hnZpx
tajmZymx IYn-Xm-kv{Xn-tIm-Wk-lnXmx {]mKmZnmYmx {Iam˛
tZmP¿£w ka`w ]pamw› bph-Xn¿hmamMvKakvXm-Zn-Iw.
Nc-˛ÿn-c˛-D-`-b-cm-in-Iƒ XpSßnbh
Ncw ÿncw D`bw
Zzmcw _ln K¿`w
[mXp aqew Poh≥
taSw CShw anYpw
I¿°-SIw Nnßw I∂n
Xpemw hr›nIw [p
aIcw Ipw`w aow
Q^^^^^^
15
151515
A≤ymbw 1. (kw⁄m≤ymbw) 15
15A
15
]pcp-j-cminIƒ, kv{Xo-cm-in-Iƒ XpSßnbh
(....HmP¿£w ka`w ]pamw› bph-Xn¿hmamwKakvXm-Zn-Iw.)
{Iqcw kuayw
HmPw bp‹w
]pcp-j≥ kv{Xo
taSw CShw
anYpw I¿°-SIw
Nnßw I∂n
Xpemw hr›nIw
[p aIcw
Ipw`w aow
tlmcm-im-kv{Xw: -1-˛11
{Iqc-x kuayx ]pcp-j-h-ntX tX Ncm-K-Zzn-tZlmx
cminIƒ°v Zn°p-I-fpsS B[n]Xyw
tajmZym ˛ taSw apX¬°v,
{XntIm-W klnXm- ˛ {XntIm-W-߃ (5,9) AS°w,
{]mKm-Zn-mYm ˛ Ing°p XpS-ßnb Zn°pI-fpsS
(BIp∂p).
mY-∑m¿
Ing°v sX°v ]Sn-™mdv hS°v
taSw CShw anYpw I¿°-SIw
Nnßw I∂n Xpemw hr›nIw
[p aIcw Ipw`w aow
tlmcm-im-kv{Xw: 1-˛11
{]mKm-Zoimx {Inb-hr-j-r-bp-°¿°Smx k{XntImWmx
hmamw-K- Z£n-Wmw-K-cm-in-Iƒ
hmamw-K-cm-in-Iƒ Z£n-Wmw-K-cm-in-Iƒ
(CSXv) (heXv)
(1) cminN{IØn¬
Xpemw ap-X¬ aow hsc taSw apX¬ I∂n hsc
(2) PmXIØn¬
7˛12 `mh߃ 1 ˛ 6 `mh߃
ic1
^eZo]nI 16
16A
pp
2. `mh-ß-fpsS t]cp-Ifpw Imc-I-Xz-ßfpw
(10)
e·w tlmcm Iey tZtlm-Z-bmJyw
cq]w io¿jw h¿Ø-amw N P∑
hnØw hnZym kzm∂-]m-mn `p‡nw
Zm£m£ymkyw ]{XnIm hmIv IpSpw_w.
H∂mw `mhw
1. e·w
2. tlmcm
3. Ieyw ˛ kpJw, BtcmKyw
4. tZlw
5. DZ-bw ˛ DZbcmin
6. cq]w
7. io¿jw ˛inc v
8. h¿Øamw˛˛ h¿ØamImew
9. P∑-w.
c≠mw `mhw
1. hnØw
2. hnZy
3. kz ˛ kzØv
4. A∂-]m-w
5. `p‡n
6. Z£A£n ˛ heXpIÆv
7. Bkyw ˛ apJw
8. ]{Xn-I
9. hmIv
10. IpSpw_w
(11)
Zp›n¬tImtcm Z£-I¿Æmw› tkmw
ss[cyw iucyw hn{Iaw {`mXcw N
tKlw t£{Xw amXpew `mKn-tbw
_‘pw an{Xw hmlw amXcw N.
Q^^^^^^
17
171717
A≤ymbw 1. (kw⁄m≤ymbw) 17
17A
17
aq∂mw `mhw
1. Zp›n¬--Iw
2. Dcx ˛ Dc v (amdnSw)
3. Z£I¿Æ ˛ heXp sN-hn
4. tk -˛ sskyw
5. ss[cyw
6. iucyw
7. hn{I-aw
8. {`mXcw ˛ ktlm-Z-c≥ .
memw `mhw
1. tKlw ˛ hoSv
2. t£{Xw ˛ `qan
3. amXpew ˛ AΩm-h≥
4. `mKn-tbw ˛ acp-a-I≥
5. _‘p
6. an{Xw
7. hmlw
8. amXcw ˛ amXmhv
(12)
cmPyw tKm alnj kpK‘ hkv{X `qjmx
]mXmfw ln_pI kpJmw_p tkXp Zyx
cmPm¶w kNn-h-I-cm-fl[o `hn-jyXv˛
⁄mm-kq≥ kpX-P-Tc {ipXnkvarXn›.
memw `mhw (Xp-S¿®)
9. cmPyw
10. tKm ˛ ]ip
11. alnjw ˛ Fcp-a
12. kpK‘w
13. hkv{Xw
14. `qjmx ˛ B`-c-W-߃
15. ]mXmfw
16. ln_pIw
17. kpJw
18. Aw_p ˛ Pew
17. tkXp ˛ AW-s°-´v
19. Zyx ˛ ZnIƒ
ic1
^eZo]nI 18
18A
pp
A©mw `mhw
1. cmPm¶w - ˛ cmPNn-”w
2. kNn-h-I-¿ ˛ a{¥nam¿
3. Bfl ˛ Bflmhv
4. [o - ˛ _p≤n
5. `hn-jyXv ˛ `mhn
6. ⁄mw, (`hn-jy⁄mw --F∂pw ImWp∂p).
- 7. kpX ˛ a°ƒ
-8. P-Tcw ˛ DZcw
9. {ipXn ˛ {ippXnIƒ (thZ-߃).
10. kvarXn ˛ kvarXnIƒ (apkvarXn apXembh).
(13)
EWmkv{X-tNm-c-£-X-tcm-K-i-{Xq≥
⁄mXymPn ZpjvIr-Xy-L-`oXy-h⁄mx
Pman{X NntØm∞ aZm-kvX-Im-am≥
Zypm-≤z-tem-Im≥ ]Xn-am¿§-`mcym.
Bdmw `mhw
1. EWw ˛ IS-w
2. Akv{Xw ˛ Bbp-[w -
3. tNm-c ˛ I≈≥
4. £-Xw ˛ apdn-hv
5. tcm-Kw -
6. i-{Xp
7. ⁄mXn ˛ _‘p°ƒ
8. APn ˛ bp≤w
9. ZpjvIr-Xn ˛ ZpjvI¿Ω-߃
10. A-Lw -˛ ]m]w
11. `oXn ˛ `bw
12. Ah⁄m ˛ Ah-⁄
Ggmw `mhw
1. Pman{Xw
2. NntØm∞w ˛ hnIm-cw
3. aZ ˛ aZw
4. A-kvX ˛- AkvX-a-w
Q^^^^^^
19
191919
A≤ymbw 1. (kw⁄m≤ymbw) 19
19A
19 20
5 Imaw
6. Zypw
7. A≤z- ˛ SØw
8. tem-Im ˛ Pw
9. ]Xn ˛ -`¿Øm-hv
10. am¿§w ˛ hgn
11. `mcy
(14)
awKeyc{‘aen-m[n]cm-`-hmbpx
t¢im-]-hm-Z-a-c-Wm-ipNnhnLv-Zmkm≥
BNmcyssZhX]nXr≥ ip`]q¿h`mKy
]qPm X-]- p-IrX]u{X P]mcyhwim≥.
F´mw `mhw
1. awKeyw ˛ Xmen, `¿Øm-hns‚ Bbp v
2. c{‘ ˛ Zu¿_-eyw
3. aen ˛ Agp°v
4. B[n ˛ ZpxJw
5. ]cm-`hw ˛ A-ham-w
6. Bbpx ˛ Bbp- v
7. t¢i ˛ A]hmZ,
8. ac-W
9. AipNn ˛ ]pe
10. hnLv ˛ XS- -߃
11. Zmk ˛ th-e-°m-c≥
HºXmw `mhw
1. BNmcy - ˛ Kp-cp
2. ssZhX -˛ tZ-h-X
3. ]nXr ˛ A—≥
4. ip`w
5. ]q¿h`mKy ˛ ap-÷-∑-kp-Ir-Xw
6. ]qP
7. X]- v,
8. kpIr-Xw
9. ]u{X≥
10. P]w
11. Bcyhwiw ˛ D-XvIr-jvS- IpeØn¬ Pw
ic1
^eZo]nI 20
20A
pp
(15)
hym]m-cm-kv]-Z-am-I¿aPbkXvIo¿Ønw {IXpw Pohw
thymam-Nmc KpW-{]-hrØn Ka-m-ym-⁄mw› tajq-cWw
em`m-bm-K-a-m]vXnkn≤n hn`-hm≥ {]m]vXnw `hw «mLyXmw
tPyjvT-{`m-X-c-a-y-I¿Ækc-km≥ kt¥m-j-am-I¿Æ-w.
]Ømw `mhw
1. hym]m-cw ˛ I®hSw
2. Bkv]Zw ˛ ASnÿm-w
3. amw ˛ A`n-am-w
4. I¿aw ˛ {]h¿Øn, sXmgn¬
5. Pbw ˛ hnPbw
6. kXvIo¿Øn ˛ k¬t]-cv
7. {IXp ˛ bmKmZn I¿a-߃
8. Pohw ˛ Po-hn-X-am¿§w
9. thymaw ˛ BImiw
10 BNm-cw
11. KpW{]hrØn ˛ kXvI¿Ω߃
12. Ka ˛ t]m°v (S-Øw)
13. B⁄m ˛ B-⁄m-i-‡n
14.tajqcWw.
]Xnsm∂mw `mhw
1. em`w ˛ em`w
2. B-bw ˛ h-c-hv
3. BK-a-w ˛ hchv
4. B]vXn ˛ e-_v[n
5. kn≤n ˛ In´¬
--6. hn`-hw (kn≤nhn`-hm≥ F∂pw)
7. {]m]vXn
8. `hw
9. «mLyX ˛ Io¿Øn
10. tPyjvT-{`m-X-cw˛ tPyjvT-k-tlm-Z-c≥
11. Ay-I¿Æw ˛ CSXp sNhn
12. kc-kw ˛ kmc-kyw
13. kt¥mjw
14. BI¿Æ-w ˛ tIƒ°¬.
Q^^^^^^
21
212121
A≤ymbw 1. (kw⁄m≤ymbw) 21
21A
21
(16)
ZpxJmw{Ln hma--b£bkqN-Im-¥y˛
Zmcn{Zy]m]ibhybcnx^ _‘m≥
`mhm-lzbm nK-ZnXmx {Ia-tim f Y eo˛
ÿmw {Xn jUv hyb ]cm-`h cmin-m-a.
]{¥≠mw `mhw
1. ZpxJw ˛ ZpJw
2. Aw{Ln ˛ Imep-Iƒ
3. hma--bw ˛ CSXp IÆv
4. £bw ˛ miw
5. kqNIw ˛ kqNI≥
6. A¥yw ˛ Ahkmw, Ah-km`mhw
7. Zmcn{Zyw
8. ]m]w
9. ibw
10. hybw
11. cn^w,
12. _‘w.
eo-ÿm--߃
{Xn ˛ aq∂v,
jUv ˛ Bdv,
hyb ˛ ]{¥≠v,
]cm`h ˛ F´v
(17)
Zpxÿm--a-jvS-a-cn]phyb`mh-amlpx
kpÿmay`hw ip`Zw {]ZnjvSw
{]mlp¿hn-e·Zik]vXNXp¿∞-`mn
tI{μm ln I≠INXp-jvSbma-bp‡w.
Zpÿm--߃
AjvSaw ˛ F´mw `mhw,
cn]p ˛ Bdmw `mhw,
hybw ˛ ]{¥≠mw `mhw.
ic1
^eZo]nI 22
22A
pp
kpÿm߃
kpÿm--w Ay-`-hw ˛ a‰p `mh߃ (6˛8˛12 Hgn®p≈h)
kpÿmßfmWv.
ip-`Zw {]ZnjvSw ˛ Ahsb√mw ip`IchpamWv
CXv kmμ¿`nIamb Hcp {]kvXmh am{XamWv. 3˛6˛11, 2˛7 F∂nh bpw ip`Ica√.
IrXyambn ]dbpIbmsW¶n¬ 1˛5˛9 `mh߃, AXmbXv {XntImW߃, am{XamWv
XnI®pw ip`Icambn´p≈h. ChbpsS ip`Xzhpw Bt]£nIamWv. `mh_eaps≠¶nte
kpÿm ߃IqSn ip`ZamIq.
tI{μ-߃
hne· ˛ e·w (H∂mw `mhw),
Zi ˛ ]Ømw `mhw,
k]vX ˛ Ggmw `mhw,
NXp¿∞ ˛ memw `mhw F∂nh,
tI{μmx ˛ tI{μ`mhßfmWv.
I≠INXp-jvSbma-bp‡w ˛ I≠Iw, NXpjvSbw F∂nh
tI{μØns‚ ]cymbßfmWv.
(18)
]W-]-c-anXn tI{μm-Zq¿≤z-am-t]m-¢naw XXv
]c-aY NXp-c{iw ss[w _‘p-`w N
AY kap-]-N-bmn thyma-iu-cymcnem`w
hakpX`bp‹w kym{ØntImWw {]ikvXw.
]W-]-c-w apXembh
]W-]-c-w CXn tI{μm-Xv Du¿≤zw ˛ tI{μ߃°v sXm´p≈h ]W]cßfmWv.
Bt]m-¢naw XXv ]cw- ˛ AXnpsXm´p≈h Bt]m-¢naßfpw.
NXp-c{iw ss[w _‘p-`w N ˛ F´pw mepw NXpc{ißfmWv.
kap-]-N-bmn thyma-iu-cymcn em`w ˛10˛3˛6˛11 F∂nh D]Nbßfpw,
ha kpX` bp‹w kymXv {Xn-tImWw
{]ikvXw ˛ HºXv, A©v F∂nh c≠pw
(ip`Icsa∂p) {]kn≤amb
{XntImWßfpamWv.
16102013
Q^^^^^^
23
232323
A≤ymbw 1. (kw⁄m≤ymbw) 23
23A
23
tI{μ-w 1 4 7 10
]W-]cw 2 5 8 11
Bt]m-¢naw 3 6 9 12
NXp-c{iw 8 4 . .
D]-Nbw 10 3 6 11
{XntImWw 9 5 . .
eoÿm߃ yq (tZmj) kz`mhap≈hbpw D]Nbÿm߃ A`nhr≤n
¬Ip∂hbpw {XntImW߃ ip`Ichpw BIp∂p. tI{μ߃ s]mXpsh
_eZmbIßfmsW¶nepw B[n]Xyhpw ÿnXnbpw Apcn®v ip`{Klßsfbpw
]m]{Klßsfbpw hyXykvXambn _m[n°p∂p.
iQiQMP
^eZo]nI 24
A≤ymbw 2
{Klt`Zm≤ymbw
hnjbhnhcw
t«mIw
1˛7 {KlßfpsS ImcIXz߃
8˛14 {KlßfpsS cq]hpw kz`mhhpw
15˛16 hmkÿmw, Zn°pIfpsS B[n]Xyw
17˛20 a‰p Imc-I-Xz-߃ (sXmgn¬,]£n, arKw apX-em-bh)
21, 22. i{Xp-an-{XXzw: ssk¿§nIw,
23 i{Xp-an-{XXzw: Xm¬°menIw,
ssk¿§nIw + Xm¬°menIw.
{Kl-ZrjvSn (ho-£Ww)
24. Imew, h¿Æw, KpWw, EXp
25. _‘p, t{XImcIXzw
26. tZlw˛tZln, K‘˛ck˛cq]˛i_vZ˛kv]¿iImcIXzw
27. ip`∑-mcpw ]m]∑-mcpw
]p-cpj{Kl-ßfpw kv{Xo{Klßfpw
{Kl-ß-fpsS tZhXIƒ, ]©`qXw
28. [myw, tZiw
29. cXvw
30. temlw, hkv{Xw
31 ck-w
32. ASbmfw, {]mbw
33. cmlpkzcq]w
34. tIXp-kz-cq]w
35. cmlptIXp°fpsS ]m{Xw, hkv{Xw, an{Xßfpw i{Xp°fpw
36 ÿnXnsIm≠ v ApIqehpw {]XnIqehpamb {Kl߃
37 hr£mZn ImcIXzw
Ime-]p-cp-jpw {Kl-ßfpw XΩnep≈ _‘w
cmin-N-{IsØ Ime-]p-cp-js‚ ico-c-ambn tlmcm-im-kv{X-Øn¬ D]-an-®Xv, PmX-I-]p-
cp-js‚ ico-c-`m-K-ß-fmbn ^e-Zo-]n-I-bn¬ Ign™ A≤ym-b-Øn¬ hnh-cn°pIbp≠mbn.
F∂m¬, tlmcm-imkv{X-Øn¬ B Ime-i-co-c-Øn¬ kqcy≥ apX¬°p≈ Ggp {Kl-ß-
fpsS kzm[o--w hnh-cn-°p-∂ t«mI-Ønp kam-¥-c-ambn, PmX-I-]p-cp-js‚ Bflmhv, a v
XpS-ßnb Imcy-߃ ]d-bp∂ Hcp t«mIw ^e-Zo-]n-I-bn-en√ AXn-p-Im-c-Ww, tlmcm-imkv{Xw
Imc-I-Xz-߃ ]d-bp-∂Xv hnj-b-{Ia--Øn-em-sW-¶n¬ ^e-Zo-]nI AXp ]d-bp-∂Xv {Kl{Ia-
Øn-em-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠v, {][myw IW-°n-se-SpØv, tlmc-bnse B t«mIw (tlmcm-
ikv{Xw: 2-˛1) ChnsS D≤-cn-°-bm-Wv:
A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 25
Imemflm Zn-Ir-∑--kvXp-ln-Kpx kXzw IptPm t⁄m htNm
Pothm ⁄m-kptJ knX› aZtm ZpJw Znt-im-flPx......
1. Imemflm - Zn-IrXv ˛ kqcy≥ Ime-]p-cp-js‚ Bflmhpw
2. ax Xpln-Kp ˛ N{μ≥ a pw
3. kXzw IpPx ˛ IpP≥ a-ssÿ-cyhpw
4. ⁄ hN ˛ _p[≥ hm°pw
5. Poh ⁄m-kptJ ˛ hymgw ⁄mhpw kpJhpw,
6. knX› aZx ˛ ip{I≥ ⁄mkpJßfpw
IqSmsX Imahpw
7. ZpJw Znt-im-flPx ˛ in ZpJhpw BIp∂p.
knXx N aZx.... ChnsS hfsc A¿∞-h-Ømb Hcp N sIm≠v ⁄m-kp-J-߃
ip{Ipw ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu ⁄m-kp-J-ß-fpsS hyXymkw a- n-em-°m≥ Kpcphpw
ip{Ipw XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw Adn™m¬ aXn. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-v, ]ØmasØ t«m-I-
Øn¬ _rl-kv]Xn t{ijvT-aXn F∂pw `rKp kpJo F∂pw Ch-cpsS kz`mhw ]d-bp∂p≠v.
AXm-bXv t{ijvTa-Xn-bmb Kpcp- kqNn-∏n°p∂Xv ip≤amb ⁄mhpw kpJn-bmb ip{I≥
kqNn-∏n°p∂Xp euInI ⁄mhp ambncn°pw.
kpJØns‚ ImcyØnepw Cu hyXmkw ImWmw. insbmgn®v a‰v Bdp
{Klßsfs°m≠pw kpJw ]dbp∂p≠v. AhnsSbpw {KlßfpsS kz`mhw tm°n thWw
kpJsØ hnebncpØm≥. DZmlcWØnv ip{I≥ kv{Xo, hmlw, hoSv F∂o kpJ߃
kqNn∏n°ptºmƒ Cu hIp∏n¬ kqcy≥ A—n¬n∂pap≈ kpJhpw N{μ≥
AΩbn¬n∂pap≈ kpJhpw hymgw a°fn¬n∂pap≈ kpJhpw a‰pamWv {][mambpw
kqNn∏n°pI.
{KlßfpsS ImcIXz߃
(PmXIØnepw a‰pw {Klßsfs°m≠p Nn¥nt°≠ hnjb߃)
(1)
Xm{aw kz¿Æw ]nXrip`-^ew Nmfl-kuJyw {]Xm]w
ss[cyw iucyw kan-Xn-hn-Pbw cmP-tkhm {]Imiw
ssihw Imcyw h-Kn-cn-KXnw tlma-Im-cy-{]-hrØnw
tZh-ÿmw IY-bXp _p[--kvssX-£vWy-ap-’m-l-a¿°m¬
kqcy≥
Xm{aw ˛ sNºv.,
^eZo]nI 26
kz¿Æw.,
]nXr ˛ A-—≥,
ip`-^ew -(]nXrip`^ew F∂pw).
Bfl ˛ Bflmhv, Xm≥.
kuJyw ˛ kpJw (BflkuJyw F∂pw).
{]Xm]w.
ss[cyw.
iucyw.
kan-Xn- hn-Pbw ˛ bp-≤-Øn¬ Pbw.
cmP-tkh ˛ cmPmhns tkhn°¬ --
(kcv°m¿ tPmenbpw CXn¬ s]Sp∂p)
{]Imiw.
ssihw Imcyw ˛ inhs kw_‘n®Imcy߃ .
hKn-cn KXnw ˛ Im´neqsSbpw ta´neqsSbpap≈ bm{X,
tlma-Im-cy-{]-hrØnw ˛ tlm-ahpambn _‘s∏´ Imcy-߃,
tZh-ÿmw ˛ t£{X-ßfpw a‰pw,
ssX-£vWyw ˛ Xo£vWX,
D’m-lw.
IY-bXp _p[ A¿°mXv ˛ (C{]-Imcw) _p[∑-m¿ (]WvUn-X-∑m¿),
kqcy-s-s°m≠v (AYhm kq-cys‚ Imc-
I-Xz-߃) ]d-bp∂p.
(2)
amXr kzkvXn ax-{]-km-Z-ap-Z-[n-kvmw knXw Nmacw
O{Xw kphy-Pw ^em-n -ar-Zpew ]pjv]mWn kkyw Irjnw
Io¿Ønw au‡n-I-Imw-ky-cu-]y-a-[p-c-£ocmZnhkv{Xmw_p tKm
tbmjm]vXnw kpJ-t`m-Pw Xp-kpJw cq]w htZ-®-{μ-Xx
N{μ≥
amXr ˛ amXmhv,
kzkvXn ˛ kpJw,
(am-Xpx -kzkvXn -- ˛ amXmhns‚ kuJyw F∂pw)
a-{]-km-Zw ˛ a- pJw,
DZ-[n-kvmw ˛ Xo¿∞kvmw,
knXw Nmacw ˛ sh©m-a-cw,
O{Xw ˛ IpS,
kphy-Pw ˛ hnidn (Be-h-´w),
^em-n- ar-Zpew ˛ am¿±-h-ap≈ ]g-߃,
]pjv]mWn ˛ ]pjv]-߃,
A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 27
kkyw,
Irjn
Io¿Øn ˛ {]ikvXn,
au‡nIw ˛ apØv,
Imwkyw ˛ sh¶ew (Iq´p-tem-lw),
cu]yw ˛ sh≈n, a[p-cw,
£ocmZn ˛ ]m¬ XpS-ßn-bh,
hkv{Xw
Aw_p ˛ Pew,
tKm ˛ ]ip,
tbmjm ˛ kv{Xo,
B]vXn ˛ e-_v[n (kv{Xoe_v[n)
kpJ-t`m-Pw ˛ `£-WkpJw,
Xp-kpJw ˛ ico-c-kp-Jw,
cq]w ˛ BIrXn (cq]`wKn) (F∂nh)
htZXv N{μXx ˛ N{μ-s-s°m≠p ]d-bWw.
(3)
kXzw `q^-enXw ktlm-Z-c-KpWw {Iucyw cWw kmlkw
hntZzjw N alm--km·n II⁄mXykv{XtNmcm≥ cn]q≥
D’mlw ]c-Im-a-o-cXnaktXym‡nw alo-Pm-ZztZ˛
Zzocyw NnØ-k-ap-∂Xnw N Iepjw tkm-[n-]Xyw £Xw.
IpP≥
kXzw ˛ Dƒ°cp-Øv,
`q^-enXw -˛ ^e`qbnjvTamb `qan,
ktlm-Z-c-KpWw
{Iucyw
cWw ˛ bp≤w,
kml-kw
hntZz-jw
alm--kw ˛ ASp-°-f,
A·n,
IIw ˛ kz¿Æw
⁄mXn ˛ _‘p-°ƒ,
Akv{Xw ˛ Bbp-[-߃,
tNmcm≥ ˛ I≈-∑m¿,
cn]q≥ ˛ i{Xp-°ƒ,
D’mlw,
^eZo]nI 28
]c-Im-a-o-cXn ˛ ]ckv{XokpJw,
AktXym‡n ˛ pW]d-b¬,
hocyw ˛ _ew,
NnØ-k-ap-∂Xn ˛ amkntIm∂aw
Iepjw ˛ ]m]w,
tkm-[n-]Xyw,
£Xw ˛ apdn-hv. (F∂nh)
alo-Pm-Xv htZXv ˛ IpPss°m≠p ]dbWw.
(4)
]mWvUnXyw kphNx Iem-n-]p-WXmw hnZz¬kvXpXnw amXpew
hmIvNm-Xp-cy-ap-]m-k-m-Zn-]-SpXm hnZymkpbp‡nw aXnw (1)
b⁄w sshjvW-h-I¿a-k-Xy-h-Nw ip‡nw hn-lm-c-ÿew
inev]w _m‘hbuh-cmPykplr-Z-kvXZv`m-Kn-tbw _p[m¬.
_p[≥
]mWvUn-Xyw,
kphNx ˛ √ hm‹n,
Iem-n-]p-WX ˛ Ie-I-fn¬ sshZ-Kv≤yw,
hnZz¬ kvXpXn ˛ hnZz-∑m-cpsS {]iwk,
amXpe≥ ˛ AΩm-h≥,
hmIvNm-Xp-cyw- ˛ kw`m-j-W-Nm-Xpcyw (hm‹nXzw),
D-]m-k-m-Zn -]-SpXm ˛ D]m-k-m-Zn-I-fn¬ ]mS-hw,
hnZy
bp‡n,
aXn ˛ _p≤n,
b⁄w ˛ bmKw,
sshjvW-h-I¿Ωw ˛ hnjvWphnp≈ Bcm-[m-]-c-amb
Imcy-߃,
k-Xy-h-Nw ˛ kXyw ]db¬,
ip‡n ˛ apØp Nn∏n,
hn-lm-c-ÿew ˛ Ifn-ÿ-ew,
in¬∏w ˛ sImØp-th-e-Iƒ,
_m‘h ˛ _‘p-°ƒ,
buh-cmPy ˛ bph-cm-Pm-hv,
kplr-Z- ˛ kplr-Øp-°ƒ,
`m-Kn-tbw ˛ acp-a-°ƒ,
_p[mXv ˛ (Ch) _p-[-s-s°m≠v (]-d-bp∂p).
A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 29
(1)
hnZymkpbp‡nw aXnw F∂Xp mep ]pkvXIßfn¬ mep XcØnemWp
hymJymn®ncn°p∂Xv.
(1) hnZybpw bp‡nbpw
(2) hnZymhnjbw Xncs™Sp°p∂Xnse bp‡n
(3) hnZym-`ym-khpw bp‡n-Nn-¥bpw
(4) hnZybnse bp‡n
CØcw kμ¿`ßfn¬ icn Is≠Øm≥ bp‡n D]tbmKn°pItb nhrØnbp≈p.
(5)
⁄mw kZvKp-W-am-flPw N kNnhw kzmNm-c-am-Nm-cyIw
amlmflyw {ipXn-imkv{X[o kvarXn-aXnw k¿thm-∂Xnw kZvKXnw
tZh-{_m-“-W-`-‡n-a-≤z-c-X]x {i≤m› tImi-ÿew
sshZpjyw hnPn-tX-{μnbw [h-kpJw kΩm--ao-Uym±-bmw.
hymgw
⁄mw,
kZvKp-Ww,
B-flPw ˛ a°ƒ
kNnhw ˛ a{¥n-am¿,
kzmNm-cw- ˛ kz-I¿Ωw, (kXvI¿Ωw F∂pw),
BNm-cyIw ˛ BNmcy-∑m¿ (KpcpmY∑-m¿),
amlm-flyw,
{ipXn ˛ thZ-߃,
imkv{X ˛ imkv{X-߃,
[o ˛ _p≤n,
kvarXn ˛ Hm¿Ω, (apkvarXn XpS-ßn-bhbpw),
aXn ˛ _p≤n
k¿thm-∂Xn ˛ F√m-XcØn-ep-ap≈ Db¿®,
kZvK-Xn - ˛ ta¬§-Xn (tam£w),
tZh-{_m-“-W-`-‡n ˛ tZh-∑mcnepw(ssZhßfnepw) {_m“-
Wcnepw (Bfl⁄mnIfnepw) D≈
-`-‡n/_lpamw
A≤z-c ˛ bmKmZn I¿Ω-߃,
X]x ˛ X]- v,
{i≤m ˛ BkvXnIyw, (BflnbX),
tImi-ÿew ˛ JP-m-hv,
sshZpjyw ˛ ]mWvUnXyw,
hnPn-tX-{μnbw ˛ C{μnb-kwb-aw,
[h-kpJw ˛ Zmº-Xy-kp-Jw,
^eZo]nI 30
kΩmw ˛ Aw-Ko-Im-cw, _lpaXn
Zb,
CuUymXv ˛ (Ch) hymg-sØ-s°m≠v (Nn¥n-°-Ww.)
(6)
kº-Zzm-lhkv{X`qjWn[n{ZhymWn Xucy-{XnIw
`mcymku-Jykp-K‘]pjv]aZ--hym-]m-c-i-øm-e-bm≥
{ioaXzw Ihn-Xm-kpJw _lp-h-[qkwKw hnemkw aZw
kmNnhyw kc-tkm-‡n-aml `rKp-Pm-Zp-Zzm-l-I¿tam-’-hw.
ip{I≥
kºXv ˛ kº-Øv, ([w, -sFizcyw),
hmlw,
hkv{Xw,
`qjW ˛ B`-c-W-߃,
n[n,
{ZhymWn ˛ {Zhy߃ (PwKakzØp°ƒ,
mWbw, ]Ww)
Xucy{XnIw ˛ Kmw, rØw, hmZyw Ch aq∂pw
`mcy,
kuJyw ˛ kpJw (`mcymkuJyw F∂pw),
kpK‘ ˛ kpK‘{Zhy߃
10. ]pjv] ˛ ]q°ƒ -(kpK‘]pjv]w),
aZ--hym-]m-cw ˛ Ima-eoe-Iƒ,
i-ø ˛ InSbv-°.
B-e-bw ˛ hoSv (iømebw F∂pw),
{ioaXzw ˛ sFizcyw.
Ihn-Xm-kpJw ˛ Imhy-c-NsImt≠m ImhymkzmZw
sImt≠m e`n°p∂ Bμw,
_lp-h-[qkwKw ˛ ]e kv{XoI-fp-ambn _‘w
hnemkw ˛ D√mkw,
aZw,
kmNnhyw ˛ a{¥n-ÿm-w,
kc-tkm-‡n ˛ ¿Ω-`m-j-Ww, ,
D-Zzm-l-I¿Ωw ˛ hnhm-l-w, D’-h-w,
`rKp-Pm-Xv ˛ ip{I-s-s°m-≠v (Nn¥n°Ww).
A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 31
(7)
Bbpjyw acWw `bw ]Xn-XXmw ZpJm-h-am-m-a-bm≥
Zmcn{Zyw `rX-Im-]-hm-Z-I-ep-jmym-iu-N n-μm-]Zx
ssÿcyw oN-P-m-{ibw N alnjw X{μoarWw Nmbkw
ZmkXzw Irjn-km-[w chn-kp-Xm¬ Imcm-Krlw _‘-w.
in
Bbpjyw- ˛ Bbp- v,
ac-Ww,
`bw,
]Xn-XX ˛ ]XnXzw (PmXn{`jvSv),
ZpxJw, Ah-am-w,
Ba-bm≥ ˛ tcmK-߃,
Zmcn{Zyw,
`rX-I ˛ `rXy≥,
A]-hm-Zw ˛ NoØ∏cv,
I-ep-jmn ˛ ]m]-I¿Ω-߃,
Biu-Nw ˛ Aip-≤w (]pe, hmembva )
nμ,
B]Z ˛ B]-Øv,
ssÿcyw ˛ ÿnc-X,
oN-P-m-{ibw ˛ Zp¿÷sØ --B{ibnt°≠n hcnI
alnjw ˛ t]mØv,
X{μo ˛ ab°w, Bekyw
EWw ˛ ISw,-
Bbkw ˛ Ccp-ºv.
ZmkXzw ˛ `rXyXzw,
Irjn-km-[w ˛ Im¿jntIm]IcW߃,
Imcm-Krlw ˛ XShd,
_‘-w ˛ XShv.
chn-kp-Xm¬ ˛ in-sbs°m-≠v
(Nn¥n-t°-≠h).
{KlßfpsS cq]hpw kz`mhhpw
(8)
]nØmÿnkmtcm-¬]-I-N› c‡˛
iymam-IrXnx kym∑-[p-]nw-K-fm£x
Iukpw-`-hm-km-›-Xp-c-{i-tZlx
iqcx {]NWvUx ]rYp-_m-lp-c¿°x.
^eZo]nI 32
kqcy≥
A¿°x ˛ kqcy-≥:
]nØ - ˛ ]nØ-{]-Ir-Xn,
Aÿnkmtcm ˛ F√p-d-∏v,
A¬∏-IN ˛ apSn Ipd-hv,
c‡iymam-IrXn ˛ Idp-∏pw NpI∏pw tN¿∂ ndØnep≈ cq]w,
a[p-]nw-K-fm£ ˛ tX≥ nd-ap≈ IÆp-Iƒ,
Iukpw-`-hm-k ˛ NpI∂ hkv{X-߃,
NXp-c{i tZlw ˛ c≠p ssI ofhpw amdns‚ hoXnbpw
tN¿∂ Dbcw,
iqc≥,
{]N-WvU ˛ AXn-i-‡≥, D{KtIm]n.
]rYp-_m-lp ˛ XSn® ssIIƒ.
(9)
ÿqtem bphm N ÿhncx Iri-x knXx
Imt¥-£-Wm-›m-kn-X-kq-£va-aq-¿-≤Px
css‡-I-kmtcm arZp-hmIv knXmw-iptIm
Kucx iio hmX-I-^m-fltIm arZpx.
Nμ≥
iin ˛ N{μ≥
ÿqtem bphm N ÿhncx Iri-x ˛ XSn-®Xpw buh--bp-‡-hpw, NS-®Xpw
{]mb-am-bXpw Bb c≠-h-ÿ-Iƒ,
Imt¥-£-W ˛ hiy-amb IÆp-Iƒ,
A-kn-X-kq-£va-aq-¿-≤P ˛ IdpØv t¿Ø XeapSn,
css‡-I-kmtcm ˛ tNmcØpSn-∏p≈,
arZp-hmIv ˛ kuay-amb kw`mj-Ww,
knXmw-iptIm ˛ shfpØ hkv{Xw,
knX/Kuc ˛ shfpØ
hmX-I-^m-fltIm ˛ hmXhpw I^hpw tN¿∂ {]Ir-Xn,
arZp ˛ kuay≥.-
(10)
at≤y Irix Ip©n-X-Zo-]vX-tIix
{Iqtc-£Wx ss]ØnI D{K-_p≤nx
c‡mw-_tcm c‡-X-p¿a-loPx
NWvtUm f Xyp-Zm-c-kvX-cp-tWm f- Xn-a-÷x.
A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 33
IpP≥,
aloP ˛ IpP≥,
at≤y Iri ˛ HXp-ßnb Ac-s°-´v,
Ip©n-X- Zo-]vX -tIi ˛ Npcp≠, Xnf-ßp∂ apSn,
{Iqtc-£W ˛ cq£-amb tm´w.
ss]ØnI ˛ ]nØ{]IrXn,
D{K-_p≤n ˛ Xo£vW_p≤n,
c‡mw-_tcm ˛ NpI∂ hkv{X-w,
c‡X-p ˛ NpI∂ tZlw,
NWvUm ˛ tIm]-im-en.,
AXyp-Zm-c ˛ hfsc DZm-c-a--kvI≥,
X-cp-tWm- ˛ bphmhv.
AXn-a-÷x ˛ A[nIw a÷. (IcpØp‰ icocw).
(11)
Zp¿Δm-e-Xm-iym-a-X-p-kv{Xn-[mXp
an{i- n-cm-hm≥ a[p-tcm-‡n-bp‡x
c‡m-b-Xmt£m lcn-Xmw-ip-I-kvXzIv˛
kmtcm _pt[m lmky-cp-Nn- -amw-Kx.
_p[≥.
_pt[m: - ˛ _p[≥.
Zp¿Δm-e-Xm-iym-a- X-p ˛ Idp-I-∏p-√ns‚ ndap≈ icocw,
{Xn-[mXpan{ix ˛ {XntZm-j-{]-Ir-Xn,
kn-cm-hm≥ ˛ RcºpIƒ nd™ tZlw,
a[ptcm‡n bp‡ ˛ a[p-c-amb kw`m-j-Ww,
c‡m-b-Xmt£m ˛ NpI∂ IÆpIƒ,
lcn-Xmw-ip-Iw ˛ ]® hkv{Xw,
XzIvkmtcm ˛ I´n-bp-≈ sXmen,
lmky-cp-Nn ˛ ¿Ω-t_m-[ap≈-h≥,
kamw-Kw ˛ ka-amb Aw-K-ßtfmSp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥.
{Xn[mXpan{i....
hymJym-Xm-°-fn¬ Nne¿ {Xn-[mXp F∂pw, an{i- n-cm-hm≥ F∂pw a‰p Nne¿ {Xn[m-
Xp-an{i, kncm-hm≥ F∂pw ]Zw apdn®v A¿Yw ]d™p ImWp∂-p.
(12)
]oX-ZypXnx ]nwK-I-tN-£-Wx kymXv
]otm-∂-tXm-cm› _rl-—-cocx
^eZo]nI 34
I^m-flIx t{ijvTaXnx kptcUyx
knwlm-_vPm-Z› hkp-{]-[m-x.
kptcUyx ˛ hymgw.
]oX-ZypXnx ˛ Xnf-ßp∂ a™ndw,
]nwK -I-N Cu-£-W ˛ Xhn´p ndØnep≈ apSnbpw IÆp-Ifpw,
]o- D∂X D-cx ˛ XSn®Xpw Db¿∂ amdv,
_rl-Xv i-cocx ˛ henb icocw,
I^m-flIx ˛ I^-{]-Ir-Xn,
t{ijvTaXnx ˛ DXvIr-jvS-amb a- v,
knwlm-_vPm-Z ˛ knwlK¿÷-w-t]mse apg-ßp∂ i_vZw,
hkp-{]-[m-x. ˛ kº-∂≥.
(13)
Nn{Xmw-_cm Ip©n-X-Ir-jvW-tIix
ÿqemw-K-tZ-l› I^m-n-emflm
Zp¿Δm-¶p-cm`x Iatm hnim-e˛
tt{Xm `rKpx -km-[nXip¢-hr-≤nx.
ip{I≥,
`rKpx ˛ ip{I≥,
Nn{Xmw-_cw ˛ (hn)Nn{X-amb As√-¶n¬ _lp-h¿Æ-
Øn-ep≈ hkv{Xw,
Ip©n-X-Ir-jvWtIix ˛ Npcp-≠p IdpØ apSn,
ÿqemw-K -tZ-l ˛ XSn® tZl-{]-Ir-Xn,
I^m An-emflm ˛ I^-hmX{]Ir-Xn,
Zp¿Δm-¶p-cm`x ˛ Idp-I-m-ºns‚ ndw,
Iat hnim-ett{X ˛ BI¿j-Ihpwhnim-ehp-amb
IÆp-Iƒ,
km[nX ip¢-hr≤n ˛ ip¢-hr-≤n-bp-≠m-°p-∂p.
(14)
]wKp¿nav-hn-tem-Nx (1)
Iri-X-p¿±o¿L- n-cm-tfm- f ekx
IrjvWmwKx ]h-m-fl-tIm f-Xn-]n-ipx kvmbz-fltIm n¿LrWx
aq¿Jx ÿqe--J-ZznPx ]cp-jtcm-amw-tKm f ip-Nn-kvXm-atkm
cu{Zx t{Im[-]tcm Pcm-]-cn-WXx IrjvWmw-_tcm `mkvI-cox.
(1)
]mTt`Zw: ]nwtKm nav-hn-tem-N....
A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 35
in.
`mkvIcn ˛ in.
]wKpx ˛ apS¥≥.
nav- hn-tem-N ˛ Ipgn™ IÆp-Iƒ As√-¶n¬
Xmtgbv°p tm°p∂ kz`m-hw,
Iri-X-p ˛ saen™ ico-cw,
Zo¿L ˛ Db-c-ap≈ tZlw,
kn-cm-f ˛ knc-Iƒ nd-™- icocw
(Zo¿L- n-cmtfm F∂pw ImWp-∂p),
Ae-k ˛ Ae-k≥,
IrjvWmwtKm ˛ IdpØ icocw,
]h-m-fl-I ˛ hmX-{]-Ir-Xn,
AXn-]n-ipx ˛ ZpjvS≥ (nμy≥),
kvmbz-flI ˛ t]in-Iƒ nd™ (I-cp-Øp-≈),
n¿LrW ˛ μn-bn√mØh≥,
aq¿J ˛ _p≤nbn√mØh≥,
ÿqe--J-ZznP ˛ XSn® ]√pw J-ß-fpw,
]cp-jtcm-amw-K ˛- am¿±-h-an-√mØ tcmahpw ico-chpw,
A-ip-Nn ˛ ipNn-Xzan-√m-Ø-h≥,
Xm-ak ˛ Xma-k-kz`mhw,
cu{Z ˛ cu{Zkz`mhw,
t{Im[-]tcm ˛ ap≥tIm-]n,
Pcm-]-cn-WXx ˛ hm¿≤Iyw _m[n-®,
IrjvWmw-_tcm ˛ IdpØ hkv{Xw,
(15)
ssihw [ma -_lnx{]Im-i-I-a-cp-t±iw cthx ]q¿h-ZnIv
Zp¿Km-ÿm--h-[q-P-eu-j[n a[p-ÿmw hnt[m¿hm-bp-ZnIv
tNmc-w tæ-—-Ir-im-p-bp-≤-`p-hn-Zn-Kymaym IpP-tkym-ZnXm
hnZz-ZznjvWpk`mhnlmcKW-I-ÿm-m-yp-Z-oNow hnZpx.
{KlßfpsShmkÿm߃
cthx ˛ kqcyv.
ssihw [ma - ˛ inh-t£{Xw,
_ln{]tZiw ˛ shfn-ÿew,
{]Im-i-I- {]tZiw ˛ shfn®ap≈ ÿew,
a-cp-t±iw ˛ acp-`qan,
]q¿h- ZnIv ˛ Ing°p Zn°v.
^eZo]nI 36
hnt[m ˛ N{μv.
Zp¿Km-ÿm-w ˛ Zp¿§mt£{Xw,
h-[q ˛ kv{XoIƒ,
P-ew,
Hu-j[n-Iƒ,
a[pÿmw ˛ tX≥/aZyw D≈ ÿew,
(h-[q-P-eu-j[na[p-F∂nh D≈ ÿew F∂pw),
hmbp-ZnIv ˛ hS-°p-]-Sn-™md.v
IpP ˛ IpPv.
tNmc ˛ I≈-∑m¿,
tæ-— ˛ tæ—∑m¿,
Ir-im-p ˛ A·n,
bp-≤-`p-hn ˛ bp≤-`qan,
ZnKymaym ˛ ZnIv bmaym ˛ ba-Zn°v, sX°v
hnZp ˛ _p[v.
hnZzXv ˛ hnZzm-∑m¿,
hnjvWp,
k`m ˛ kZ- p-Iƒ,
hnlmc ˛ Ifn-ÿew / _p≤hnlmcw
KW-I ˛ KWn-X-⁄≥ ˛ KWI≥/tPym’y≥
ÿmmn ˛ (Chbp≈) ÿe-߃,
DZ-oNn ˛ hS°p Zn°v.
(16)
tImim-iz-∞-kp-c-Zzn-Pm-Xn-n-e-bkvssXzim--Zn-§ojv]-tX¿
thiymhoYy-h-tcm-[-r-Ø-i-b--ÿmw `rtKm-c-·n-ZnIv
oN-t{i-Wy-ip-Nn-ÿew hcp-W-ZnIvimkvXpx i-t-cm-etbm
hm¬ao-Im-ln-X-tam-_ne-(1)
yln inJn-ÿm-mn Zn{K-£-kx.
Kojv]-tXx ˛ hymg-Øn-v.
tImix ˛ JP-mhv,
Aiz-∞ ˛ Ac-bm¬,
kp-c-Zzn-Pm-Xnn-e-b ˛ tZ-h-∑m¿, {_m-“-W¿ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS
hmk-ÿ-ew,
Cuim--ZnIv ˛ hS°p Ing°v,
A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 37
`rtKmx ˛ ip{Iv:
thiymhoYn ˛ thiymsØ-cphv,
Ah-tcm-[ ˛ A¥x-]pcw,
r-Øÿmw ˛ -rØ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ S°p∂ ÿew,
i-b-ÿmw ˛ InS∏d,
A-·n-ZnIv ˛ A·n-tIm-Wv. Ing°psX°p aqe.
it ˛ i-n-°v. -
oN-t{i-Wn ˛ tNcn-Iƒ,
Aip-Nn-ÿew ˛ hrØn-sI´ ÿew,
hcp-W-ZnIv ˛ ]Sn-™mdv,
imkvX ˛ imkvXm-hv,
Bebw ˛ ÿmw.
Aln-inJn ˛ cmlp-tI-Xp-°ƒ°v.
hm¬aoIw ˛ ]p‰v,
X-tam-_new ˛ Ccp≠ amfw (s]mØv).
ÿm-mn ˛ ÿm-߃,
Zn{K-£-kx -˛ ZnIvc£k ˛ ncrXn tImWv (sX-°p-]-Sn-™m-dv).
(17)
ssithm `njMvr]-Xn-c-[z-cIrXv{]-[mo
hymt{Lm artKm Zn-]tXx Ine -N-{I-hmIx
imkvXmw-Km(1)
cPI I¿jI tXmb-Kmkyp˛
cntμm-x ii› lcn-W› _I›-tIm-cx.
{Kl-ßfpsS a‰p Imc-I-Xz-߃
(sXmgn¬, ]£n, arKw apX-em-bh)
N{μ≥
Cμp ˛ N{μv
imkvXm ˛ imkvXmhv,
Aw-Km ˛ kv{Xo,
(]mTt`Zw ikvXmw-Km -˛ {]ikvXbmb kv{Xo)
cPI ˛ Ae-°p-Imc≥,
I¿j-I ˛ Irjn-°m-c≥,
tXmb-Km --˛ PeØn-¬ k-©cn°p∂h≥
i-iw ˛ apb¬,
^eZo]nI 38
lcn-Ww ˛ am≥t]S,
_Iw ˛ sIm°v,
NtImcw ˛ sNtºmØv.
kqcy≥
Zn-]tXx ˛ kqcyv.
ssithm ˛ inh-`-‡≥,
`njIv ˛ sshZy≥,
r]-Xn- ˛ cmPmhv,
A-[z-cIrXv ˛ bmKw sNøp-∂-bmƒ,
{][mn - ˛ ap-Jy≥,
hymt{Lm ˛ ISph,
artKm ˛ am≥,
N{I-hmIw ˛ ]I¬ CW- Iq´np≠mIp-sa¶nepw cm{Xn
bmbm¬ CWsb ]ncn™v hnc-l-ZpxJw Ap-`-hn-t°≠n hcp∂ Hcp ]£n F∂p
i_vZXmcmhen.
(18)
`utam alm--k-K-Xm-bp-[`r¬kp-h¿Æ˛
Imcm-P-Ip-°pSinhmI]n KrZv{[tNmcmx
tKm]m-e -in¬]n KW-tIm-Øa(1)
hnjvWp-Zmkmx
Xm¿£yx InIo-Zn-hn- ip-Iu- iintPm _nUm-ex
IpP≥
`ua - ˛ IpP≥,
alm--k-K-X ˛ ASp-°-f-°m-c≥,
B-bp-[`rXv ˛ Bbp[w [cn-®h≥,
kp-h¿ÆImc ˛ kz¿Æ-∏-Wn-°m-c≥,
AP ˛ BSv,
Ip-°pS ˛ tImgn,
inhm ˛ s]¨Ip-dp-°≥,
I]n ˛ Ipc-ß≥,
KrZv{[p ˛ Igp-I≥,
tNmcx ˛ I≈≥.
_p[≥
iinP ˛ _p[≥,
tKm]m-e ˛ ]ip-°-sf]men°p-∂-h≥,
in¬]n,
A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 39
KW-tImØa ˛ KWn-X-⁄≥,
hnjvWp-Zmkx ˛ hnjvWp-`-‡≥ (sshjvW-h≥),
Xm¿£yw ˛ ]cp¥v,
InIoZn-hn ˛ Im´p-Im°, (InIo F∂p Ic-bp∂ Hcp
]£n),
ip-I ˛ XØ,
_nUm-ex ˛ ]q®.
(1) hymJymt`Zw:
tKm]-⁄-in¬]-K-WI....
tKm] ˛ ]m¬°m-c≥,
⁄ ˛ hnZzm≥,
in¬]n ˛ sImØp-]-Wn-°m-c≥,
KWI ˛ IW-s°-gp-Øp-Im-c≥.
(19)
ssZh⁄ a{¥n Kpcp hn{] bXoi apJymx
]mcm-h-Xx kpcKptcm-kvXp-c-K› lwkx
Kmo [o hnS hWnMv S X¥p-hmb
thiymabqcalnjo N `rtKmx iptIm Kux.
hymgw
kpcKptcm ˛ hymg-Ønv,
ssZh⁄ ˛ ssZh⁄≥
a{¥n,
Kpcp,
hn{] ˛ {_m“-W≥.
bXoi ˛ kymkn,
apJy ˛ apJy≥, ({][mn),
]mcm-hXw ˛ amS{]mhv,
XpcKw ˛ IpXnc,
lwkw ˛ A-c-b-∂w.
ip{I≥
`rtKm ˛ ip{I-v
Kmo ˛ Kmb-I≥,
[o ˛ [nI≥,
hnS ˛ hnS≥,
^eZo]nI 40
hWnIv ˛ I®-h-S-°m-c≥,
S ˛ ¿Ø-I≥ (S≥),
X¥p-hmb ˛ sbvØp-Im-c≥,
thiy,
abqc ˛ abn¬,
alnjo ˛ Fcpa
]mTt`Zw a-ln-jw ˛ t]mØv
viptIm ˛ XØ,
Ku ˛ ]ip.
(20)
ssXe-{Ibo `rXIoNIncmXImb˛
kvImcm› Z¥nIcSm› ]nIm-»tx kypx.
_u≤m-ln-Xp-fin-I-J-cm-P-Ir-
tImjv{Sk¿]˛
≤zm¥m-Jy-tbm¿a-i-I-a-°p-W-Ir-ayp-eq-Imx.
in
it ˛ in-°v.
ssXe-{Ibo ˛ FÆ-°-®-h-S-°m-c≥,
`rXI ˛ `rXy≥,
oN ˛ oN≥,
IncmX(I) ˛ Im´m-f≥, ZpjvS≥
AbkvImcm ˛ sIm√≥ (C-cpºp ]Wn-°m-c≥),
Z¥n ˛ B,
Ic-Sm ˛ Im°,
]nIm- ˛ Ipbn¬,
cmlp, tIXp
[zm¥m-Jy-tbmx ˛ Xtam{Kl߃°v, cmlptIXp°ƒ°v
([zm¥w ˛ Ccp´v, BJytbm ˛ F∂p t]cmbh)
_u≤ ˛ _u≤≥ (_p≤-a-X-mpbmbn, Alnμp),
AlnXpfinI ˛ ]mºp ]nSpØ°mc≥, ]mºm´n,
Jc ˛ IgpX
AP ˛ BSv
IrI(hmIw) ˛ Iqhp∂ ]£n, ]qh≥ tImgn
Djv{SIw ˛ H´Iw.
k¿∏ ˛ ]mºv,
aiI ˛ sImXpIv,
A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 41
a°pW ˛ aq´,
Iran, ˛ sIm®p {]mWn-Iƒ
D-eqI ˛ aqß.
(IpPp ]d™ BSpw tImgnbpw ChnsS ho≠pw h∂Xns‚ ImcWw IpPhXv tIXp
F∂ nbaambncn°Ww.),
{Kl-ß-fpsS i{Xp-an-{XXzw
(21)
kuayx ktam¿°-P-kn-Xm-h-lnXu Jcmw-tim˛
cntμm¿lnXu chn-_p-[m-h-]tc kamx kypx
`uaky aμ-`rKpPu Xp kau cn]p¿⁄˛
kuayky ioX-Kp-c-cn- p-lrZu knXm¿°u.
(22)
kptc¿Zznju Ihn _p[u chn-P- ax kym˛
∑≤yu Ith¿Kp-cp-IpPu kplrZu in⁄u
Poh-x- kax knXhnZu chn-Pky ant{X
t⁄bm Ap-‡-J-N-cmkvXp XZ-yYm kypx.
kqcy-v
Jcmw-tim kuay ktam ˛ kqcy-v -_p[≥ ka≥,
A¿°P knX AhlnXu ˛ inbpw ip{Ipw i{Xp°ƒ.
N{μ-v
Ctμmx lnXu chn-_p-[ ˛ N{μ-v an{X߃ kqcypw _p[-pw,
A]tc kamx ˛ addp-≈-h¿ k-a-∑m¿.
(N-{μp i{Xp-°-fn-√).
IpPv
`uaky aμ-`r-KpPu Xp kau ˛ IpPv inbpw ip{Ipw ka-∑m¿,
cn]p¿⁄ ˛ _p[≥ i{Xp-.
_p[-v
kuayky ioXKpx Acn ˛ _p[-v N{μ-≥ i{Xp,
knXm¿°u kplrZ ˛ ip{Ipw kqcy-pw an{X߃.
^eZo]nI 42
Kpcphnv
kptcx Zznju Ihn-_p-[u ˛ ip{Ipw_p[pw hym-g-Ønp i{Xp-°-ƒ
chn-P-x ka ˛ in ka≥
ip{Iv
Ithx ˛ ip{Iv
Kpcp-IpPu a≤yu ˛ Kpcphpw IpP-pw ka-∑m¿,
in⁄u kplrZu ˛ inbpw _p[pw kplr-Øp-°ƒ.
in-bv°p
chn-Pky Pohx k--a ˛ in-bv°p Kpcp kapw
knX-hnZu ant{X ˛ ip{Ipw _p[pw an{X-߃.
t⁄bm Ap‡ JN-cmkvXp XZ-y-Ymkypx
˛ ap-I-fn¬ FSpØp ]d-bmØ {Kl-ß-fpsS Imcyw Duln-®p-sIm≈-Ww. (DZm-l-c-
W-Ønv t«mI-Øn¬ in-bpsS kapw an{X-ßfpw am{Xta ]d-™n-´p-≈q. i{Xp-hns‚
Imcyw Duln-°Ww.)
{Kl-ß-fpsS Cu i{Xp-˛-an-{X-˛-ka _‘-Øns‚ ASn-ÿmw _rl-÷m-X-I-Øn¬
(2--˛15) ]d-bp∂p≠v:
.. .ktXymt‡ kplrZkv{XntImW`hmXv
kzmXv kzm¥y[o[¿Ω]mx
tkz®mbp pJ]m› e£Whnt[¿˛
∂mty hntcm[mZnXn.
kXym-Nm-cy≥ ]d™n-´p-≈-X-p-k-cn®v kz¥w aqe-{Xn-tIm-W-cm-in-bn¬n∂pw, 2,
12, 5, 9 cmin-I-fpsS mY-∑mcpw, kz¥w D®cmin, Bbp v (8) kpJ (4) F∂n-h-bpsS
mY-∑mcpw kplr-Øp-°ƒ BIp-∂p. Cu imkv{X-hn-[n°v ApkrXa√mØh kplr-
Øp-°ƒ BIp-∂n-√. t«mIØn¬ ]d™Xp ]´nI cq]Ønem°ptºmƒ˛˛
A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 43
{Klw aqe-{Xn 2 12 5 9 D®w 8 4
kqcy≥ Nnßw I∂n I¿°-S [p taSw taSw aow hr›nIw
c _p N Kp Ip Ip Kp Ip
N{μ≥ CShw anYpw taSw I∂n aIcw CShw [p Nnßw
ip _p Ip _p a ip Kp c
IpP≥ taSw CShw aow Nnßw [p aIcw hr›n I¿°-SIw
Ip ip Kp c Kp a Ip N
_p[≥ I∂n Xpemw Nnßw aIcw CShw I∂n taSw [p
_p ip c a- ip- _p- Ip Kp
Kpcp [p aIcw hr›n taSw Nnßw I¿° I¿-° aow
Kp a Ip Ip c N N Kp
ip{I≥ Xpemw hr›n I∂n Ipw`w anYp aow CShw aIcw
ip Ip _p a _p Kp ip a
in Ipw`w aow aIcw anYp Xpemw Xpemw I∂n CShw
a Kp a _p ip ip _p ip
CXp-{]-Im-cw- Hmtcm {KlØnpw In´p∂ t]mb‚pIƒ
c- N- Ip_p -Kp- ip a
kqcyv ˛ 1 3 1 2 -˛ ˛
N{μv 1 ˛ 1 2 1 1 1
IpPv 1 1 ˛ 1 2 1 1
_p[v 1 ˛ 1 1 1 2 1
Kpcp-hnv 1 2 2 ˛ 1 ˛ 1
ip{Iv ˛ ˛ 1 2 1 1 2
in°v ˛ ˛ ˛ 2 1 3 1
CXpsh®p i{Xpan{Xßsf ImWp∂ hn[w˛˛
1. c≠p cmin-I-fpsS B[n-]-Xy-ap-≈-h¿ ˛ c≠p h∂m¬ an{Xw
2 Hcp cmin-bpsS B[n-]-Xy-ap-≈-h¿ ˛ H∂p h∂mepw an{Xw
3 c≠p cmin-I-fpsS B[n-]-Xy-ap-≈-h¿ ˛ H∂p h∂m¬ ka≥
4 H∂pw hcm-Øh i{Xp.
^eZo]nI 44
AXp{]Imcw˛
an{Xw ka≥ i{Xp
kqcyv NIpKp _p ipa
N{μv c_p IpKp-ipa C√
IpPv cNKp ip a _p
_p[v c ip IpKpa N
Kpcp-hnv cNIp a _pip
ip{Iv _pa IpKp cN
in°v _pip Kp cNIp
^eZo]nI{]Imcap≈ i{Xpan{XXzhpw CXpXs∂bmWv.
an{Xw ka≥ i{Xp
kqcyv N{μ≥, IpP≥, Kpcp _p[≥ ip{I≥ in
N{μv chn, _p[≥ IpP≥, Kp-cp, ip{I≥, in C√
IpPv chn, N{μ≥, Kpcp ip{I≥, in _p[≥
_p[v chn, ip{I≥ IpP≥, Kpcp, in N{μ≥
Kpcp-hnv chn, N{μ≥, IpP≥ in _p[≥, ip{I≥
ip{Iv _p[≥, in IpP≥, Kpcp chn, N{μ≥
in°v _p[≥, ip{I≥ Kpcp chn,N{μ≥,IpP≥
CXphsc ]d™Xv {KlßfpsS ssk¿§nI i{Xpan{X AhÿbmWv. Cn
Xm¬°menI i{Xpan{Xmhÿ ]dbp∂p.
(23)
Atymyw {Xnkp-J-kz-Jm-¥y-`-h-Km-kvX¬Im-e-an-{Xm-Wyao
Xss∂-k¿§n-I-a-]y-th£y IY-tb-Ø-kym-Xn-an-{Xm-ln-Xm≥
iucymt-⁄- c-hntPm Kpcp¿Kpcp-kpXu `ua-›Xp¿∞m-jvSau
]q¿Æw ]iyXn k]vX-a© kI-em-kvtX-jzw-{Ln-hr≤ym{Iam¬.
{Kl-ß-fpsS Xm¬°m-enI i{Xp-an-{Xmhÿ
Atymyw {Xn kp-J -kz- J - A¥y- `-hKm- XX¬Im-e-an-{Xm-Wn
˛ Hcp{KlØn¬ n∂pw 3, 4, 2, 10, 12, 11 `mhßfn¬ n¬°p∂ {Kl߃
X¬°mean{XßfmWv.
XXv ssk¿§n-Iw- A]n A-th£y IY-tb-Xv Xky A-Xn-an-{Xm
˛ ssk¿§nI_‘wIqSn tm°n AXnan{Xw XpSßnbh ]dbWw.
Hcp PmX-I-Øn¬ Hcp {Kl-Øns‚ ]n∂nse aq∂p cmin-Ifnepw (10,11,12) ap∂nse
aq∂p cmin-Ifnepw (2, 3, 4) n¬°p∂ {Kl-߃ B PmX-I-Øn¬ B {Kl-Øns‚ X¬°m-
A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 45
e-an-{X-ß-fm-Wv. CX-√m-Øh (5 apX¬ 9 hsc `mh-ß-fn¬ n¬°p-∂h), X¬°m-e-i-{Xp-°-
fp-am-Ip-∂p. Cu X¬°me _‘hpw 21, 22 t«mI-ß-fn¬ ]d™ ssk¿§n-I-_-‘hpw
tN¿Øp Nn¥n-°-Ww. AXm-b-Xv˛˛-
XXv°m-e-an{Xw + ssk¿§nIan{Xw = AXnan{Xw
XXv°m-e-an{Xw + ssk¿§nI i{Xp = ka≥
XXv°m-e-an{Xw + ssk¿§nIka≥ = an{Xw
XXv°m-e-i{Xp + ssk¿§nIi{Xp = AXni{Xp
XXv°m-e-i{Xp + ssk¿§nIan{Xw = ka≥
XXv°m-e-i{Xp + ssk¿§nIka≥ = i{Xp-
{Kl-ß-fpsS ZrjvSn (ho-£Ww)
....iucym⁄m- c-hntPm Kpcp¿Kpcp-kpXu `ua-›Xp¿∞m-jvSau
]q¿Æw ]iyXn k]vX-a© kI-em-kvtX-jzw-{Ln-hr≤ym {Iam¬.
]q¿Æw ]iyXn k]vX-aw N kI-em-x ˛ F√m- {Kl߃°pw Ggntebv°p
]q¿ÆZrjvSnbp≠v.
iucy B-⁄m- c-hntPm -˛ inbv°v 3, 10
Kpcpx Kpcp-kpXu ˛ Kpcp-hnv 9, 5,
`ua -NXp¿∞ AjvSau ˛ IpPv 4, 8.
F∂nßs hntijZrjvSnIfp≠v.
Aw-{Ln-hr≤ym {Iam¬ ˛ ]mZhr≤n{IaØn¬ (]mZZrjvSnbpap≠v.)
1) km[mcW ZrjvSnbpw hntijZr-jvSn-bpw
F√m- {Kl߃°pw Ggn-te-bv°p≈ ]q¿Æ-Zr-jvSn-bv°p ]pdsa in (3˛10), Kpcp
(5˛9), IpP≥ (4˛8) F∂nßs hntijZr-jvSn-bpap≠v. hnti-j-Zr-jvSnbpw ]q¿Æ-Zr-
jvSn-bm-Wv.
Hcp `mhØn¬ n¬°p∂ {KlØnv as‰mcp`mhØntebv°p≈ ZrjvSn kmamy
ambn ]d™XmWv. tcJmwiØn¬ n∂pw tcJmwiØntebv°mWv ZrjvSn hcp∂Xv.
AXmbXv˛˛
{Klw ZrjvSn tcJmwiw
1. kqcy≥ 7 180
2. N{μ≥ 7 180
3. IpP≥ 4, 7, 8 90, 180, 210
4. _p[≥ 7 180
5. hymgw 5, 7, 9 120,180, 240
6. ip{I≥ 7 180
7. in 3, 7, 10 60, 180, 270
^eZo]nI 46
DZmlcWw: IpPkv^pSw 0˛5˛0 (taSw 5) BsW¶n¬ 7˛tebv°p≈ ZrjvSn hcpI 185
Un{Knbntebv°v (Xpemw 5 tebv°v) BWv. hmkvXhØn¬ 185 Un{KnbpsS 15 Un{Kn
A∏pdtØbv°pw 15 Un{Kn C∏pdtØbv°pw am{XamWv ZjvSn hcp∂Xv.. AXmbXv,
XpemØn¬ 20 Un{Kn°∏pdw n¬°p∂ {KlØnp IpPZrjvSn C√.
2) ]mZZrjvSn
Aw-{Ln-hr≤ym {Iam¬
˛ ]mZ-hr≤n Ap-k-cn®v Ah-bpsS ZrjvSn-bpsS Ap-]m-Xhpw Im¬
(3˛-10), Ac (5˛9), ap°m¬ (4˛8) F∂ {IaØn¬ h¿≤n®phcp∂p.
1, 2, 6, 11, 12 `mhßfntebv°v Hcp Xcw ZrjvSnbpan√.
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
kqcy≥ ˛ ˛ 1
/4
3
/4
1
/2
˛ 1 3
/4
1
/2
1
/4
˛ ˛
N{μ≥ ˛ ˛ 1
/4
3
/4
1
/2
˛ 1 3
/4
1
/2
1
/4
- -
IpP≥ ˛ ˛ 1
/4
1 1
/2
˛ 1 1 1
/2
1
/4
- -
_p[≥ ˛ ˛ 1
/4
3
/4
1
/2
˛ 1 3
/4
1
/2
1
/4
- -
Kpcp ˛ ˛ 1
/4
3
/4
1
˛ 1 3
/4
1 1
/4
˛ ˛
ip{I≥ ˛ ˛ 1
/4
3
/4
1
/2
˛ 1 3
/4
1
/2
1
/4
- -
in ˛ ˛ 1 3
/4
1
/2
- 1 3
/4
1
/2
1 - -
(24)
kqcym-tZ-c-bw £tWm Zn-ar-Xp¿Ωm-k› ]£-»c˛
Zzn{]-»p-{I-Kpcp chn-£n-Xn-kpXu N{μu _pt[m f ¥y»nx
{]mlp¿ -Xz-c-P-kvX-amwkn iin-Kp¿h¿°mx Ihn⁄u ]tc
{Kojvam-Z¿°-IpPu iio iin-kptXm Poh-»-n¿`m¿§hx.
Ime-n¿Æbw
kqcym-tZx ˛ -kqcy≥ apXemb {Klßsfs°m≠p Nn¥n t°≠Xv:
kqcy≥ Abw ˛ 6 amkw,
N{μ≥ £W ˛ 2 mgnI,
IpP≥ Zn- ˛ 1 Znhkw,
_p[≥ EXp ˛ 2 amkw,
hymgw ˛ 1 am-kw,
ip{I≥ ]£-w ˛ 15 Znhkw,
in icx ˛ 1 h¿jw.
A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 47
h¿Æw:
hn{]- ip-{I-Kpcp, ˛ ip{Ipw Kpcphpw {_m“W¿,
chn-£n-Xn-kpXu, ˛ kqcypw IpPpw £{Xnb¿
Nt{μm_pt[m, ˛ N{μpw _p[pw sshiy¿
A¥yx inx ˛ in A¥yP≥ (NmXp¿h¿WyØnse
AhkmsØ PmXn, iq{Z≥).
hymJymt`Zw: _p[≥˛iq{Z≥, in˛A¥yP≥, Ah¿Æ≥
KpWw:
k-Xz -c-P- X-amwkn ˛ kmXznIw cmPknIw XmaknIw F∂o
{XnKpW߃°v {IaØn¬,
iin -Kpcp A¿°mx ˛ N{μpw Kpcphpw kqcypw (kmXznIw),
Ihn ⁄u ˛ ip{Ipw _p[pw (cmPknIw),
]tc ˛ a‰p≈h¿ (IpPpw inbpw:
XmaknIw)
EXp°ƒ:
{Kojvam-Xv ˛ {Kojvaw XpSßnb Bdp
EXp°fpsS ImcI∑-m¿:
A¿°-IpPu ˛ kqcypw IpPpw, ({Kojvaw),
iio ˛ N{μ≥ (h¿jw),
iin-kptXm ˛ _p[≥ (icXv),
Pohx ˛ hymgw (tla¥w),
in ˛ (inincw),
`m¿Kh ˛ ip{I≥ (hk¥w)
Imew, h¿Æw, KpWw, EXp
(]´nI cq]Øn¬)
{Klw Imew h¿Æw KpWw EXp
1. kqcy≥ 6 amkw £{Xnb kmXznIw {Kojvaw
2. N{μ≥ 2 mgnI sshiy kmXznIw h¿jw
3. IpP≥ 1 Znhkw £{Xnb Xma-knIw {Kojvaw
4. _p[≥ 2 amkw sshiy cmP-knIw icXv
5. hymgw 1 amkw {_m“W≥ kmXznIw tla¥w
6. ip{I≥ 15 Znhkw {_m“-W≥ cmPknIw hk¥w
7. in 1 h¿jw iq{Z≥ Xma-knIw inincw
^eZo]nI 48
(25)
XmXmwt_ chn-`m¿§hu Znhn nin {]m`m-I-co-μp -kvarXu
XZvhy-kvtX ]nXrhy-amXr`Kn-o-kw⁄m XZm XZv{Iam¬
hmam-£o-μp-cntm f yZ£n IYntXm `uax In-jvTm-ptPm
Pothm tPyjvTktlm-Z-c-»-in-kptXm ZØm-flPx kw⁄n-Xx.
_‘pImcIXzhpw t{XImcIXzhpw
1. XmXmwt_ ˛ A—pw AΩbpw, ({IaØn¬)
chn-`m¿§hu ˛ kqcypw ip{Ipw,
Znhn ˛ ]I¬. --
nin ˛ cm{Xnbn¬,
{]m`m-I-co-μp - ˛ inbpw N{μpw,
2. XZv hykvtX, ]nXrhy -amXr`Kn-o- kw⁄m....
˛ ]nXmhns‚ ktlmZcpw amXmhns‚ ktlmZcnbpw (hn]coXambpw {IaØnepw),
3. hmam-£n Cμp ˛ N{μ≥ CSXp IÆv,
Ctm AyXv A£n ˛ kqcy≥ heXp IÆv
4. `uax In-jvTm-ptPm ˛ IpP≥ ApP≥,
Pothm tPyjvTktlm-Z-c˛hymgw tPyjvT≥,
iin-kptXm ZØm-flP ˛ _p[≥ ZØp]p{X≥.
{Klw ]I¬ cm{Xn F√mbvt∏mgpw
kqcy≥ ]nXmhv ]nXrktlmZc≥ heXp IÆv
in ]nXrktlmZc≥ ]nXmhv ....
N{μ≥ amXrktlmZcn amXmhv CSXp IÆv
ip{I≥ amXmhv amXrktlmZcn . ...
IpP≥ ˛ ˛ CfbktlmZc≥
_p[≥ ˛ ˛ ZØp]p{X≥
Kpcp ˛ ˛ tPyjvTktlmZc≥
(26)
tZtlm tZln lna-cp-Nn-cn--kvXzn-{μn-bm--Wym-c-]q¿hm
BZn-Xy-Zzn-UvKp-fn-I-in-Jn-kvXky ]oUm-Icmx kypx
K‘x kutaym `rKp-P-i-inu Zzu cku kqcy-`uau
cq]u i_vtZm Kpcp-cY ]tc kv]¿i-kw⁄mx {]Zn-jvSm-x
A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 49
tZlw, tZln
tZtlm tZln lna-cp-Nn- C ˛ N{μ≥ tZl (icoc)ImcI≥,
kqcy≥ tZln (Bfl) ImcI≥,
C{μnbm--Wn Bc-]q¿hm ˛ IpP≥ XpS-ßn-b (A©p) {Kl߃
C{μnb߃,
Kp-fn-I -in-Jn- Xky ]oUm-Icmx kypx ˛ Kpfn-Ipw cmlp-tI-Xp-°fpw
iey-Im-cn-I-fp-am-Ip-∂p.
K‘ ck cq] i_vZ kv]¿i Imc-IXzw
K‘x kutaym ˛ _p[≥ K‘-Im-c-I-pw,
`rKp-P -i-inu Zzu cku ˛ ip{Ipw N{μpw ck-Im-c-I-∑m-cpw,
kqcy-`uau cq]u ˛ kqcypw IpPpw cq]-Im-c-I-∑m-cpw,
i_vtZm Kpcp- AY ˛ Kpcp i_vZImc-Ipw,
]tc kv]¿i- ˛ a‰p {Kl-߃ (a, k, in) kv]¿i-
Im-c-I-cp-am-Ip-∂p.
(27)
£otWμz¿°-Ip-Pm-ln-tI-Xp-c-hnPmx ]m]- -]m-]-›-hnXv
¢o_mx tIXp-_p-[m¿°-Pm-x iinX-ax -ip-{Im-x kv{Xntbm f ty cmx
cp{Zmw_m Kpl -hn-jvWp -[m-Xr- I-a-em- Im-em-lyPm tZh-Xm˛
 qcym-Zy-·n- `q-an- J -]-tbm- hm-bzm-fl-Imx -kyp¿{Klmx.
{Kl-ß-fpsS ip`]m]Xzw
£otWμp ˛ £oW-N-{μ≥,
A¿° ˛ kqcy≥,
IpP≥, ˛ IpP≥
Aln ˛ cmlp,
tIXp, ˛ tIXp
c-hnPmx ˛ in,
]m] ˛ Ch¿ ]m]-∑m-cm-Ip∂p,
k]m] N -hnXv ˛ ]m]-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb _p[pw (]m]-m-Ip-∂p.)
ip`≥ ]m]≥
1. ]£_eap≈ N{μ≥ 1. kqcy≥
2. ]m]tbmKan√mØ _p[≥ 2. ]£_ean√mØ N{μ≥
3. Kpcp 3. IpP≥
4. ip{I≥ 4. ]m]tbmKap≈ _p[≥
5. in
6. cmlp
7. tIXp
^eZo]nI 50
ssk¿§nI]m]∑-m¿:
]m]∑-m¿ F∂p s]mXphmbn ]dbptºmƒ kqcy≥, IpP≥, in F∂o aq∂p
{Kl߃ am{Xta AXn¬ s]Sp∂p≈q. F∂m¬ kqcys‚ ASpØpn¬°ptºmƒ N{μpw
]m]∑-mcpsSIqsS n¬°ptºmƒ _p[pw ]m]cmbnamdp∂p.
N{μs‚ ]£_ew:
kqcypambp≈ AI¬®bpw ASp∏hpamWv N{μs‚ ip`]m]Xzw n¿Æbn°p∂Xv.
kqcyn¬n∂pw G‰hpw AIse n¬°p∂ N{μ≥ (]q¿ÆN{μ≥) ip`mWv. IdpØ
hmhp Ign™v F´mw ZnhkwapX¬°mWv N{μs‚ ]£_ew Bcw`n°p∂Xv. shfpØ
hmhn≥mfn¬ AXp ]q¿Æ amIpw. AhnSp∂tßm´v _ew Ipdbm≥ XpSßpw. shfpØ
hmhv Ign™v GgmwmfmIptºmtgbv°pw AXp Xosc C√mXmIpw. shfpØ]£w AjvSan
apX¬ N{μp sK‰ohv _eamWv. Cdßn Cdßn N{μ≥ IdpØ hmhnseØptºmƒ
(kqcys‚ G‰hpw ASpØv FØptºmƒ) qdp iXamhpw ]m]^eamIpw. ASpØ
ZnhkwapX¬ Ib‰w Bcw`n°pw. F´mw Znhkw ip`XzØntebv°p IS°pw.
(Aamhmkn˛]u¿ÆanIfpsS tPymXn »mkv{XXXzw Adn™m¬ C°mcyw IqSpX¬
hy‡amIpw.)
_p[s‚ ]m]Xzw
_p[≥ kzXth ip`mWv. F∂m¬ _p[≥ n¬°p∂ AtX cminbn¬
]m]{Klßfmb kqcy≥, IpP≥, in Chcn¬ Bsc¶nepw IqsS n¬∏ps≠¶n¬ _p[≥
]m]mIpw.
kv{Xo, ]p-cpj≥, ]pwkIw
¢o_mx tIXp- _p-[ A¿°-Pm-x ˛ tIXp-, _p-[≥, in
Ch¿ ]pw-kIßfpw,
iin X-a ip-{Im-x kv{Xntbm ˛ N-{μ≥, cm-lp, ip{I≥
Ch¿ kv{XoIfpw,
Aty cmx ˛ a‰p-≈-h¿ (kq-cy≥, IpP≥, Kpcp)
]pcp-j-{K-l-ß-fp-am-Ip-∂p.
{Kl-ß-fpsS tZhXIƒ
cp{Z ˛ inh≥,
Aw_m ˛ {io]m¿hXn,
Kpl ˛ kp{_-“-Wy≥, -
hnjvWp, -
[m-Xr ˛ {_“mhv, -
I-a-e ˛ alme£van,
Ime ˛ b-a≥,
Aln ˛ k¿∏w,
APm ˛ amb.
A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 51
]©`qXImcIXzw
kqcymXv ˛ kqcy≥ apX-¬°v,
A·n,`q-an-,J,BImi,-]-b ˛ Pew, hm-bp F∂o ]©-`q-X-ßfpsS
Imc-I-Xzhpw.
{Klw enwKw- tZ-hX ]©`qXw
1. kqcy≥ ]pcp-j≥ inh≥ A·n
2. N{μ≥ kv{Xo ]m¿h-Xn Pew
3. IpP≥ ]pcp-j≥ kp{_-“-Wy≥ A·n
4. _p[≥ ]pw-kIw hn-jvWp `qan
5. Kpcp ]pcp-j≥ {_“m-hv. BImiw
6. ip{I≥ kv{Xo e£van Pew
7. in ]pw-kIw ba≥ hmbp
8. cmlp kv{Xo k¿∏w ˛
9 tIXp ]pw-kIw ambmtZhn ˛
(28)
tKm[qaw X¨Upew ssh Xne-N-W-I-Ipep∞mV-Iiym-a-apZvKm˛
∂njv]m-hm- am-j-a¿t°-μz-kn-X-Kp-cp-in-Jn{Iqc-hn-Zv`r-Kz-lox
t`mKo-m¿°ym-c-Po-h-⁄-i-in-inJn-kn-tXjzw_-cmJyw IenwKw
kucm-jv{Sm-h¥n kn‘q≥ kpa-K-[-b-h-m≥ ]¿h-Xm≥ IoISmw›.
[m-y-ßfpw ]b-dp-h¿§-ß-fpw
A¿t° ˛ kqcyv tKm[qaw ˛ tKmXºv
Cμp ˛ N{μv X¨Upew ˛ Acn
Akn-X ˛ in°v Xne ˛ F≈v
Kp-cp ˛ hymgØnv N-W-I ˛ ISe
in-Jn ˛ tIXphnv Ipep∞ ˛ apXnc
{Iqc ˛ IpPv BV-Io ˛ Xphc
hnZv ˛ _p[v iym-a- ˛ Nma
`rKp ˛ ip{Iv ap-ZvKm ˛ sNdp-]-b¿
Aln ˛ cmlphnv am-jw ˛ Dgp∂v
tZiImc-IXzw
{Klw tZiw
t`mKo ˛ cmlp Aw_cw
C≥ ˛ kqcy≥ IenwKw
A¿°n ˛ in kucmjv{Sw
Bc ˛ IpP≥ Ah¥n
^eZo]nI 52
Poh ˛ hymgw kn‘p
⁄ ˛ _p[≥ aK[
iio ˛ N{μ≥ bhw
inJn tIXp ]¿hXw
knX ˛ ip{I≥ IoISw
(29)
amWn-Iy-w XctWx kp[m-cy-a-aew ap‡m-^ew ioX-tKm¿˛
Ωmtl-bky N hn{Zpaw ac-IXw kuayky Kmcp-flXw
tZth-Uyky N ]pjycm-K-a-kp-cmam-Xyky h{Pw it¿˛
oew n¿Ω-ea-ytbm› KZntX tKmta-Zssh-Uq-cy-tI.
cXvImc-IXzw
1. amWn-Iy-w XctWx ˛ kqcyv amWnIyw
2. kp[m-cy-w Aaew ap‡m-^ew ioX-Kp ˛ N{μv apØv
3. amtl-bky N hn{Zpaw ˛ IpPv ]hngw
4. ac-IXw kuayky ˛ _p[v ac-XIw
5. Kmcp-flXw tZth-Uyky ]pjycm-K-w ˛ hymgØnv ]pjycmKw
6. Akp-cmam-Xyky sshcw ˛ ip{Iv h{Pw
7. itx oew n¿Ωew ˛ in°v C{μoew
Aytbm N KZntX tKmta-Zssh-Uq-cy-tI.
8. cmlphnv ˛ tKmta[w
9. tIXphnv ˛ sshUqcyw
(30)
Xm{ax Imwkyw [mXp-Xm{aw {X]p- ymXv
kz¿Æw cu]yw Nmbkw `mkvI-cmtZx
hkv{Xw XØ-Zz¿Æ-bp‡w hntijmXv
Po¿Æw aμ-kym-·n-ZKv[w IpP-ky.
temlImc-IXzw
(Xm{ax Imwkyw....)
`mkvI-cmtZx ˛ kqcy≥ apX-em-b-h¿°v
1. kqcy≥ ˛ Xm{ax - ˛ sNºv
2. N{μ≥ ˛ Imwkyw ˛ Iq´p-temlw
3. IpP≥ ˛ [mXp-, Xm{aw ˛ [mXp{Zhyw, sNºv
A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 53
4. _p[≥ ˛ {X]p ˛ Cøw
5. hymgw ˛ kz¿Æw ˛ kz¿Æw
6. ip{I≥ ˛ cu]yw ˛ sh≈n
7. in ˛ Bbkw ˛ Ccpºv
hkv{XImc-IXzw
hkv{Xw XØXv h-¿Æ-bp‡w ˛ Hmtcm {KlØnpw ]d-™n-´p≈ nd-Øn-ep≈
hkv{X-߃,
hntijmXv Po¿Æw aμ-ky ˛ hntijn®pw in Po¿Æn® hkv{X
Ønt‚bpw,
A-·n-ZKv[w IpP-ky ˛ IpP≥ Xo ]nSn® (IØnb) hkv{X Øn-s‚bpw
Imc-I-∑m-cm-Ip-∂p.
(31)
`mtmx ISp¿`q-an-kp-Xky Xn‡w
emh-Wy-an-tμm-cY N{μ-Pky
an{io-IrXw b∑-[pcw KptcmkvXp
ip{Iky Nmæ© itx Ijm-bx.
ck-Im-c-IXzw
`mtmx ISpx ˛ kqcy≥ ISp-c-kw,
`q-an- kp-Xky Xn‡w ˛ IpP≥ Ibv]v,
emh-Wy-w C-tμm ˛ N{μ≥ D∏v,
N{μ-Pky an{io-IrXw ˛ _p[≥ an{iw,
a-[pcw Kptcmx ˛ hymgw a[pcw,
ip{Iky Aæw ˛ ip{I≥ ]pfn,
itx Ijm-bx ˛ in Ijmbw (Nh¿∏v).
{Klw hkv{Xw ckw
1. kqcy≥ Imhn ISp-c-kw,
2. N{μ≥ sh≈ D∏v
3. IpP≥ NpI∏v, Xo-]n-Sn-®X v. Ibv∏v
4. _p[≥ ]® an{ickw
5. hymgw a™ a[pcw
6. ip{I≥ sh≈ Aæw
7. in Po¿Æn-®, IdpØ, Ijmbw
^eZo]nI 54
(32)
`mkzZv Kojv]Xn N{μP £nXn-`phmw kym±-£ntWemRvOw
tijm-Wm-an-X-c{X Xn‹-In-c-Wm¬ ISymw incx ]rjvTtbmx
It£w f tk hZt N kIvYn-N-ctW Nn”w hbmw-ky¿°tXm
tta, Zm, XSw, Jw, K, kn,- ⁄m-m-Vy, ·m-S-w.
ASbmf߃
`mkzZv ˛ kqcy≥,
Kojv]Xn ˛ hymgw,
N{μP ˛ _p[≥,
£nXn-`phw ˛ IpP≥,
kymXv Z£ntW ˛ Ch-bv°p heXp hiØpw
tijm-Wm-w CX-c A{X Xn‹IncWm¬
˛- _m°n-bp-≈-hbv°p (N{μ≥, ip{I≥,
in, cmlp, tIXp) CSXp hiØpw,
em©w ˛ AS-bm-f-߃ D≠m-Ipw.
ISymw ˛ kqcyv Ac-bnepw,
incx ˛ N{μp inc- nepw,
]rjvTtbmx ˛ IpPp ]rjvT-`m-KØpw,
It£ ˛ _p[p I£-Ønepw,
Awtk ˛ hymg-Ønp tXmfnepw,
hZt ˛ ip{Ip apJØpw,
kIvYn N-ctW ˛ in°p XpSbnepw ]mZ-Ønepw,
Nn”w ˛ AS-bm-f-߃ D≠m-Ipw.
{Klw hiw Ahbhw
1. kqcy≥ heXv Ac-bn¬ --
2. N{μ≥ CSXv inc- n¬ --
3. IpP≥ heXv ]rjvT-`m-KØv / ]n∂n¬
4. _p[≥ heXv I£-Øn¬ --
5.hygw heXv tXmfn¬ --
6. ip{I≥ CSXv apJØv
7. in CSXv XpSbnepw ]mZ-Ønepw
{Kl߃ kqNn∏n°p∂ {]mbw
....hbmw-ky¿°tXm
tta, Zm, XSw, Jw, K, kn,- ⁄m-m-Vy, ·m-S-w.
A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 55
hbmw-kn A¿°tXm ˛ kqcy≥ apX¬°p≈hcpsS hb v
(A£ckwJybn¬):
A£-c-kwJy {Klw hb v
tta - --˛ 05 - ˛ 50. kqcy≥ 50
Zm ˛ 80 ˛ 08 N{μ≥ 8
XSw 61 ˛ 16 IpP≥ 16
Jw ˛ 02 ˛ 20 _p[≥ 20
K ˛ 03 ˛ 30 hymgw 30
kn ˛ 70 ˛ 07 ip{I≥ 7
⁄m-m-Vy, 001 in 100
·m-S-w. 001 cmlp 100
(IS-]-bmZn A£-c-kwJybv°v Ap_‘w ˛ 1 ImWpI)
(33)
oe-Zyp-Xn¿±o¿L-Xpx Iph¿Æx
]mao N ]mj-WvU-a-X- -ln°x
Ak-Xy-hmZo I]So N cmlpx
IpjvTo ]cm-∂n-μXn _p≤n-lo-x.
cmlpkzcq]w
oe-Zyp-Xn ˛ oe ndw,
Zo¿L-Xpx ˛ o≠ (Dbcap≈) ico-c-w,
Iph¿Æx ˛ IogvPmXn,
]mao ˛ - XzIv tcmK-ß-ƒ D≈h≥,
]mj-WvU-a-X-x ˛ nco-iz-c-aX°mc≥,
kl C°x ˛ C°nƒ,
Ak-Xy-hmZo ˛ pW-b≥,
I]So ˛ Im]-Sy°mc≥,
IpjvTo ˛ IpjvTtcmKn,
]cm-≥ nμXn ˛ a‰p≈-hsc nμn-°p-∂-h≥,
_p≤n-lo-x ˛ _p≤niqy≥.
(34)
ct‡m-{K-Zr-jvSn¿hn-j-hm-Kp-Z-{K˛
tZlx kikv{Xx ]Xn-X› tIXpx
[q{a-Zyp-Xn¿[q-a] Gh nXyw
{hWm¶n-Xmw-K› Irtim riw-kx.
^eZo]nI 56
tIXp-kz-cq]w
ct‡m-{K-Zr-jvSn ˛ Nph∂ D{K-amb IÆp-Iƒ,
hn-j-hm-Iv ˛ hnjw han-°p∂ hm°v,
DZ-{KtZl ˛ henb ico-cw,
k-ikv{Xx ˛ Bbp-[-[m-cn,
]Xn-X› - ˛ {`jvS≥,
[q{a-Zyp-Xn¿ ˛ I-dp∏pw NpI∏pw tN¿∂ ndw,
[q-a] Gh nXyw- ˛ ]pI han°p∂-h≥, -
hWmw-In-Xmw-K› ˛ apdn-∏m-Sp≈ AhbtØmSpIqSnbh≥.
Irtim ˛ saen™h≥,
riw-kx - ˛ {Iqc≥
(35)
kokw N Po¿Æ-h-kw Xa-kkvXp tItXm¿˛
arZv`m-Pw hnhn-[-Nn-{X-]Sw {]ZnjvSw
an{XmWn hn—-n-kn-Xm-kvX-a-tkm¿Zz-tbmkvXp
`ua tam nK-ZntXm cn]p-h› tijmx.
cmlp tIXp°fpsS ]m{Xw, hkv{Xw
Xa-kx kokw N Po¿Æ-h-kw ˛ cmlphnv Cø-∏m-{Xhpw Po¿Æ-
hkv{Xhpw,
tItXmx arZv`m-Pw hnhn-[-Nn-{X-]Sw ˛ tIXp-hnv a¨]m-{X-hpw
Nn{Xßfp≈ (]e ndßfp≈)
hkv{Xhpw.
cmlp tIXp°fpsS an{X-i-{Xp-°ƒ
an{XmWn hnXv in- kn-Xm- X-a-tkmx Zz-tbmx ˛ Ombm-{K-l-߃ c≠npw
(cmlptIXp °ƒ°v)
_p[≥, in, ip{I≥ F∂n-h¿-
an{X-ßfpw,
`ua- ktam ˛ IpP≥ kapw,
cn]p-h› tijmx ˛ ti-jn-®h i{Xp-°-fp-am-Ip-∂p.
cmlp-tI-Xp-°-fpsS an{X-i{Xp {Kl-߃.
_p[≥, ip{I≥, in, ˛ an{X-߃.
kqcy≥, N{μ≥, hymgw ˛ i{Xp-°ƒ
IpP≥ ˛ ka≥
A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 57
(36)
aqtVm f ]n o-N-cn-]p-tKm f jvS-a-j-Uvhy-b-tÿm
Zpxÿx kvartXm `hXn kpÿ CXo-X-c- ymXv
Nt{μ hybm-b-X-p-j-Svkp-X-Im-a-kwtÿ
tXmbm-`n-hr-≤n-anl iwkXn hr≤n-Im-tcy.
{Kl߃ ZpÿnXcmIp∂sXt∏mƒ
aqV ˛ auVy-ap≈ {Klw-,
o-N- ˛ Xs‚ oN-cm-in-bn¬ n¬°p∂ {Klw,
cn-]p-K ˛ Xs‚ i{Xp-t£-{X-Øn¬ n¬°p∂ {Klw,
A-jvS-a- jUv hybÿ ˛ F´v, Bdv, ]{¥≠v `mh-ß-fn¬
n¬°p-∂- {Kl-߃,
Zpxÿx `hXn kvarX ˛ Chsc√mw Zpÿn-X-sc-∂-dn-bpI.
kpÿ CXn CX-cx kymXv ˛ a‰p {Kl-ß-sf√mw kpÿ-cpw
B-Ip∂p.
ÿnXnsIm≠v {]XnIqeamIp∂ {Kl߃
1. auVyw:
kqcys‚ ASpØv Hcp {]tXyI]cn[n°p≈nseØptºmgmWv {Kl߃°p
auVyw F∂ _e°pdhv D≠mIp∂Xv.
N{μ≥ -˛ 12T
IpP≥ ˛ 17T
_p[≥ 14T
hymgw ˛ 11T
ip{I≥ ˛ 10T
in 16T
kqcys‚ 17T
Un{Kn ]cn[n°p≈n¬ (kqcys‚ A∏pdhpw C∏pdhpw) IpPp
auVyap≠v. CXpt]mse a‰p≈h¿°pw Ah¿°p tsc ]d™ ]cn[n°p≈n¬
auVyap≠v. IpP≥, _p[≥, ip{I≥ F∂o aq∂p {Kl߃ h{IØn emsW ¶n¬ sNdnb
hyXymkap≈Xmbpw ImWp∂p. h{IØnemsW¶n¬ IpPpw ip{Ipw 8T
hscbpw
_[p 12T
hscbpw kqcys‚ ASpØp sN√mw. Kpcphn pw in°pw Cu hyXykw
ImWp∂n√. N{μpw kqcys‚ 12 Un{Kn ]cn[n°p≈n¬ _e°pdhp≠v. F¶nepw AXp
]£_eØns‚ IW°n¬ hcp∂Xnm¬ auVyØnp thsd _e°pdhv FSp°mdn√.
2. oNÿnXn:
A≤ymbw t«mIw ¬ {KlßfpsS oNÿm߃ ]d™n´p≠t√m. B
ÿmßfpsS (tcJmwißfpsS) A∏pdØpw C∏pdØpw GItZiw 15T
hsc oNØns‚
tZmjw ImWpw. {Klkv^pShpw oNÿmhpw XΩnep≈ ASp∏hpw AI¬®bpw
{Kl_esØ Bp]mXnIambn _m[n°p∂p.
^eZo]nI 58
3. i{Xpt£{XÿnXn:
A≤ymbw t«mIw ]d™n´p≈ {KlßfpsS an{X˛i{Xp_‘wXs∂bmWv
CXnSnÿmw. N{μv i{Xp°fn√mØ Xnm¬ N{μs‚ t£{Xamb I¿°SIw B¿°pw
i{Xpt£{Xa√. F∂m¬ _p[s kw_‘n®nStØmfw N{μ≥ i{XphmIbm¬
_p[t£{Xßfmb anYphpw I∂nbpw N{μp i{Xpt£{XßfpamWv. (BYntXbs‚
atm `mhamWv {][msa∂¿∞w).
4. ZpÿmÿnXn:
^eZo]nI Apkcn®v 6-˛8˛12 `mh-ß-ƒ Zpÿmßfpw AhnsS n¬°p∂
ip`{Kl߃ Xo¿Øpw Zp¿∫ecpamWv. PmXIN{μnI Apkcn®v 3˛6˛11 ÿmßfpw
ZpÿmßfmWv. H∂pIqSn hy‡ambn ]dbpIbmsW¶n¬ 3˛6˛11 `mhßfn¬ kqcy≥,
IqP≥, in, cmlp, tIXp F∂o ]m]∑-m¿ ApIqe^ew ¬Ipw. F´n¬ _p[pw
ip{Ipw ]{¥≠n¬ ip{I≥am{XhpamWv. ApIqeambn hcp∂Xv.
ÿnXnsIm≠v ApIqeamIp∂ {Kl߃
ta¬∏d™ mep XcØn¬s∏´ {Kl-߃ Zpxÿ-cpw (ÿn-Xn-sIm≠v Ap-Iq-e-a-
√mØ-hbpw) ^e-Zm--hn-j-b-Øn¬ {]Xn-Iq-e-hp-amWv. A√m-Øh (AXm-bXv Cu tZmj-
߃ C√m-Øh) kpÿcpw AXp-Im-cWw A-p-Iq-e-cpw BIp-∂p. H∂pIqSn
hy‡am°pIbmsW¶n¬ tZmjßsfm∂p ans√¶n¬ hn]coX^ew D≠mIpIbn√
Ft∂bp≈q. ip`^eap≠mIW sa¶n¬ D®w aqe{XtImWw, kzt£{Xw, an{Xt£{Xw
XpSßnb ApIqecminIfnep≈ ÿnXn BhiyamWv.
N{μpw thentb‰hpw
....Nt{μ hybm-b-X-p-j-Svkp-X-Im-a-kwtÿ
tXmbm-`n-hr-≤n-anl iwkXn hr≤n-Im-tcy.
Nt{μ ˛ N{μ≥
hyb ˛ 12
Bb ˛ 11 -
X-p ˛ 1-
j-Sv ˛ 6
kp-X- ˛ 5
Im-a ˛ 7 (F∂o ÿmßfn¬)
kwtÿ ˛ n∂m¬
tXmbm-`n-hr-≤n-anl iwkXn hr≤n-Im-tcy...˛ hr≤nImcyØn¬ Pehr≤n ]dbWw.
A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 59
kwKXn H‰ hcnbn¬ HXp°nbt∏mgp≠mb Ahy‡XImcWamImw ]ecpw ]e
XcØnemWv CXp hymJymn®ncn°p∂Xv.
(1) “thentb‰w D≠m°pw ” F∂p mWp]n≈ Bim≥.
(2) CXntmSp tbmPn®psIm≠v sNdph≈n “tcmK£bmZn hnjb߃°v thentb‰w
KpWas√∂pw CXpsIm≠v AdnbpIbpw thWw.” F∂p IqSn tN¿Øncn°p∂p.
(3) “If there be a query whether water in a reservoir ( or in an irrigation project) will
increase or decrease, increase in water should be predicted if the Moon be in the 12th,
11th, 1st, 6th, 5th or the 7th house at the time of the qyery”. -- G.S.Kapoor
PmXI^ehpambn _‘s∏SpØmhp∂ GtXm Hcp kwlnXmnbaw kqNn∏n°pI
am{XamWv at{¥izc≥ ChnsS sNbvXn´p≈Xv. AXv GXmsW∂v Is≠Ønbmte Cu
{]ivØnsmcp ]cnlmcamIq.
(37)
A¥- m-c-k-ap-∂-X-{Zp-ccptWm h√o kntXμq kvarXu
Kp¬ax tIXp-c-ln› I≠-I-Ku `uam¿°Pu Io¿ØnXu
hmKo-i- -^-temf^-ex -i-in-kptXm £oc-{]-kq--{Zpau
ipt{I-μq-hn-[p-tcm-j-[o-»-n-c-km-cm-Km› kme-{Zp-ax.
hr£-mZn Im-c-IXzw
A¥- m-c- k-ap-∂-X -{Zp- AcptWm˛ kqcyv ImX-ep≈ h∑-c-߃,
h√o kntXμq kvarXu ˛ ip{Ipw N{μpw eX-Iƒ,
Kp¬ax tIXp- Aln N ˛ cmlphpwtIXphpw ]p¬s°mSnIƒ,
I≠-I-Ku `uam¿°Pu ˛ IpPpw inbpw ap≈p≈ ac-߃,
hmKo-i- k-^-tem ˛ hymgw Imbv°p∂ hr£-߃,
A-^-te i-in-kptXm ˛ _p[≥ Imbv°mØ acßfptSbpw,
£oc-{]-kq--{Zpau ipt{I-μq- ˛ ]mepw ]qhpw D≈ ac߃
ip{Ipw, N{μpw,
hn-[p Hm-j-[o- ˛ N{μ≥ Huj[nIƒ,
in- A-km-cm-Km› kme-{Zp-ax ˛ inImXen√mØ acßfpw,]Ifpw.
^eZo]nI 60
]´nI
1. kqcy≥ ˛ ImX-ep≈ h∑-c-߃,
2. N{μ≥ ˛ eX-Iƒ, ]mepw ]qhpw D≈ ac߃,
Huj[nIƒ
3. IpP≥ ˛ ap≈p≈ ac-߃
4. _p[≥ ˛ Imbv°mØ ac߃
5. hymgw ˛ Imbv°p∂ hr£-߃
6. ip{I≥ ˛ eX-Iƒ, ]mepw ]qhpw D≈ ac߃
7. in ˛ ap≈p≈ ac-߃, ImXen√mØ
ac߃, ]Iƒ
8. cmlp ˛ ]p¬s°mSnIƒ
9. tIXp ˛ ]p¬s°mSnIƒ
A≤ymbw 3 (h¿§hn`mKm≤ymbw) 61
A≤ymbw 3
h¿§ßfpw Awißfpw
hnjbhnhcw
t«mIw
1 Zi-h¿§w, h¿t§m-Øaw
2 k]vX-h¿§w, jUz¿§w,
hmw-i^ew
3 h¿§-_ew,
_memZn AhÿIƒ
Zih¿§w hnhcWw
4 tlmc, t{Z°mWw, ZzmZ-imwiw, {Xnwimw-iw, hmwiw
5 jjvSywiw,
6 k]vXmwiw, Zimwiw, Iemwiw
7 {XtbmZih¿§w, DØamwiw XpSßnbh,
^e`mKw
8, 9 DØamwimZn ^ew
10 Zih¿§^ew,
_memZn Ah-ÿm-^ew
11 jUz¿§^ew
12 tlmcm^ew
e·Ønpw N{μpw _eaps≠¶n¬ ^ew
{Xnwimwi^ew
{]Zo-]vXmZn Ah-ÿIƒ
13, 14 t{Z°mWkzcq]w, ^ew
15 t{Z°mW˛{Xnwimwi˛ZzmZimwi˛tlmcmmY^e߃
16 e·kwtim[w
17 N{μÿnXn^ew, {XnwimwiÿnXn^ew
18,19 {]Zo-]vXmZn Ah-ÿIƒ
20 {]Zo-]vXmZn Ah-ÿm^ew
^eZo]nI 62
h¿§_ew
{Kl߃ XßfpsS Imc-I-Xzhpw `mhm-[n-]-Xyhpw Ap-k-cn-®p≈ ^ew Xcp-
∂Xv Ah-cpsS Zi, A]-lmcw XpS-ßnb Ime-b-f-hp-I-fn-em-Wv. Cßs Ah ¬Ip∂
^e-ß-fpsS IpSpX¬°pdhpIƒ Adnbp-∂-Xn-mWv {Kl-_ew IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv.
AXmbXv _ew Ap-k-cn-®mWv {Kl߃ -^ew ¬Ip-I. _e-an-s√-¶n¬ ^ehp-an-√.
_ew IqSpw-tXmdpw ^e-Zm--ti-jnbpw IqSn hcpw. ( {Kl߃ GsX¶nepw hn[Øn¬
(DZm: e·m[n]≥) ApIqeambm¬ am{Xw t]mcm, Bhiyamb _ew IqSn Ds≠¶n
te Ahbv°p t`Zs∏´ ^ew ¬ImmIq.)
_ew Adn-bp-∂-Xnv ]e coXn-Iƒ ne-hn-ep-≠v. ChnsS BZyw ]d-bp-∂Xv h¿§-
_-esØ°pdn-®m-Wv. h¿§_ew ImWp ∂Xnv jUvh¿§w, k]vXh¿§w, Zih¿§w,
tjmUih¿§w F∂nßs ]e h¿§ßƒ nehnep≠v. _ew ImWp∂Xn pam{Xa√
^e{]hNØnpw Ch D]tbmKn°mdp≠v.
(1)
t£{X- {Xn-`m-K- -h-`m-K -Z-imw-i- tlm-cm˛
{Xnwimw-i- k-]vX-e-h -j-jvSn-ehmx Iemwimx
tX ZzmZ-imw-i-k-lnXm Zi-h¿§-kw⁄m
h¿t§m-Øtam nP-ntP `ht hmw-ix.
Hcp cminbpsS 30 Un{Knsb 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 10, 12, 16, 30, 60 F∂nßs ]Øp
hn[Øn¬ `mKn®p ]Øp h¿§ßfm°n b XmWv Zih¿§w.
Zi-h¿§w
1. t£{Xw ˛ cmin
2. {Xn`mKw ˛ t{Z°m-Ww
3. h-`mKw ˛ hmw-iw
4. Zimw-iw
5. tlmcm
6. {Xnwimwiw
7. k]vXeh ˛ k]vXmwiw
8. jjvSnehm ˛ jjvSywiw
9. Iemwiw ˛ tjmU-imwiw
10. ZzmZ-imwiw
A≤ymbw 3 (h¿§hn`mKm≤ymbw) 63
Zih¿§w ]´nI
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
cmin tlmc t{Z°m-W k]vXmw hmw-i Zimw-i ZzmZ-im Iemwi {Xnwimw jjvSywi
30/1 30/2 30/3 30/7 30/9 30/10 30/12 30/16 30/30 30/60
30T
15T
10T
4T
˛17’˛18 3T
˛20’ 3T
2T
˛30’ 1T
˛52’˛30” 1T
1/2T
h¿t§m-Øaw
h¿t§m-Øtam nP-ntP `ht hmw-ix ˛ {Klw n¬°p∂ cmin-bn¬ Xs∂ Awin-
°p-∂-XmWv h¿t§m-Øaw.
cminbn¬ CS-h-Øn¬ n¬°p∂ N{μ≥ hmw-i-Ønepw CS-h-Øn¬Xs∂ n∂m¬
AXp h¿t§m-Ø-a-am-bn. h¿t§m-Ø-aap≈ {Kl-Ønp _ew D≠v.
(2)
Zimw-ijjv-SywiIemw-i-lo-m˛
kvtX k]vX-h¿§m› hnk-]vX-amwimx
jUz¿§-kw-⁄m-kvXzY cmin-`m-h˛
Xpeyw hmw-iky ^ew ln tINn-Xv.
k]vX-h¿§w
Zimw-i jjv-Sywi Iemw-i- lo-mx tX k]vX-h¿§mx ˛ Zi-h¿§-Øn¬ Zimw-iw, jjvSyw-
iw, Iemwiw Ch-sbm-gn-®p-≈Xv k]vX-h¿§w.
jUz¿§w
hnk-]vX-amwimx jUz¿§-kw-⁄m-x ˛ k]vX-h¿§-Øn¬ n∂v k]vXmwiw
Hgn-®p-≈Xv jUz¿§w.
hnhn[h¿§ßƒ:
Zih¿§w k]vXh¿§w jUv h¿§w
1. cmin 1. cmin 1. cmin
2. tlmc 2. tlmc 2. tlmc
3. t{Z°mWw 3. t{Z°mWw 3. t{Z°mWw
4. k]vXmwiw 4. k]vXmwiw ....
5. hmwiw 5. hmwiw 4. hmwiw
6. Zimwiw .... ....
7. ZzmZimwiw 6. ZzmZimwiw 5. ZzmZimwiw
9. Iemwiw .... ....
9. {Xnwimw 7. {Xnwimw 6. {Xnwimwiw
10. jjvSywiw .... ....
^eZo]nI 64
hmw-i^ew
cmin-`m-hXpeyw hmw-iky ^ew ln tINn-Xv ˛ hmw-i-Ønv cmin°p Xpeyamb -{]m-[m-
y-aps≠∂mWv Nne-cpsS A`n-{]m-bw.
km[m-cW Hcp Xe-°p-dnbn¬ {Kl-ß-fpsS cminÿnXnbpw hmw-i-ÿn-Xnbpw
sImSp-Øncn°pw. Ch c≠pw Xmc-Xayw sNbvXm¬ {Kl-_-e-Øns‚ Hcp GI-tZicq]w
In´pw F∂mWp hnizmkw. hmwiw cmin-tb-°mfpw kq£vaamb `mK-am-b-Xn-m¬
hmwiÿnXn°v cmin-ÿn-Xn-tb-°mƒ {]m[m-y-aps≠∂pw Nne¿°`n{]mbap≠v. DZm-l-
c-W-Ønv, Hcp PmX-I-Øn¬ ip{Is‚ cmin-ÿnXn oN-Ønepw hmw-i-ÿnXn D®-Øn-ep-
am-Wv. D®-Ønse ^ew ]d-bWsa-∂mWv PmX-I-]m-cn-Pm-Xhpw am-km-K-cnbpw ]d-bp-∂-Xv.
F∂m¬ Ap-`-h-Øn¬ D®-Øns‚ sa®tam oN-Øns‚ tZmjtam ImWp∂n√. ^ew icm-
i-cn-bn¬ n¬°p-∂p. AXmbXv hmwiØnse √ ÿnXnsIm≠p am{Xambn√:
{Kl_ewIqSn D≠mIWsa∂mWv Ap`hw.
(3)
t£t{Xjp ]q¿Æ-apZnXw ^e-ay h¿t§-˛
jz¿≤w Iem-Z-i-a-j-jvSn-e-thjp ]mZw
_mex Ipamcx XcpWx {]hbm artXm jUv˛
`mssKx {Iam-ZypPn hn]-cy-ban-Xy-h-ÿm.
h¿§-_ew
t£t{Xjp ]q¿Æ-w D-ZnXw ˛ cmin-bn¬ ]q¿Æ^ew- ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p.
^ew Ay h¿t§jp A¿≤w ˛ a‰p h¿§-ßfn¬ ]Ip-Xn ^ew.
Iem -Z-i-a -j-jvSn -e-thjp ]mZw ˛ Iemwiw, Zimw-iw, jjvSywiw
Ch-bn¬ Im¬ ^ew.
h¿§hpw _ehpw:
cmin ˛ apgph≥,
tlmc, t{Z°m-Ww, k]vXmwiw,
hmw-iw, ZzmZ-imwiw, {Xnwimwi ˛ ]IpXn,
Zimw-i Iemwiw jjvSywiw ˛ Im¬,
_memZn AhÿIƒ
_mex Ipamcx XcpWx {]hbm artXm jUv`mssKx {Iam-Xv AbpPn
˛ _meyw, Iuam-cw, buh-w, hm¿≤Iyw, acWw Cu {Ia-Øn¬ HmP-cm-in-bn¬
Bdp `mKIƒ hoXap≈ A©v AhÿIfp≠v
hn]-cy-ban-Xy-h-ÿm
˛ bp‹-cm-in°p ac-Ww, hm¿≤Iyw, buh-w, Iuam-cw, _meyw Cu {Ia-ØnemWv
Ah-ÿ-I-ƒ hcp-∂-Xv.
*
A≤ymbw 3 (h¿§hn`mKm≤ymbw) 65
(4)
t£{X-kym¿≤w ln tlmcm- Xz-bpPn chn-kp-[mw˛
tizm -ta -hy-kvX-ta-XXv
t{Z°mtWimkv{Xn-`m-ssK-kvX-p-kp-X-ip-`]m
ZzmZimw-ikvXp e·mXv
`uam¿°o-Uy⁄ip{Imx iinP ka-ehm
tlymPt` bp‹t` XZv
hykvXw {Xnwimw-i-mYmx {Inb-a-I-c-Xpem˛
I¿°-SmZym hmw-imx.
(5)
b⁄w cXv- Pw [w b-]Sw cq]w ebw tNSnw
tlmcm tbmK-Jew _ew `K-in-Jm-[q-en¿∂hw {]kzw
em`w hniz-Znhw [hw cW-[aw jjvSyw-i-Im-t›m-Pt`
{IqcmJymx kat` hn]-cy-b-anZw tijmkvXp kuaym-lz-bmx.
(6)
kzmXv k]vXmw-i-Z-imw-iIu Xp hnjta
bpt‹ Xp Imam-NvOp-`mXv
kzm[o-im› Iemw-i]m hn[n-l-co˛
im¿°m- -a¿t£ f yYm
JymssXx tImW-bp-ssX-kv{Xn-tIm-W-`-h
kz¿t£m®-tI-t{μm-Ø-ssa¿˛
h¿§m-x k]vX-Zi -{X-tbm-Z-ianXm
h¿§mx {]ZnjvSmx ]ssc.
Zih¿§hnhcWw
1. cmin
taSw XpSßnbh
cminmY∑-m¿ : `uax ip{I.... (1˛6)
2. tlmc
t£{X-ky A¿≤w tlmcm- ˛ cminsb c≠mbn ]Ip-ØXp tlmc.
tlmcm-m-Y-∑m¿:
A-bpPn chn, -kp-[mwip ˛ HmPcm-in-bn¬ BZy-tlmc kqcy-s‚bpw
c≠m-asØ tlmc N{μs‚bpw.
kta.- hy-kvX-ta-X¬ ˛ bp‹cm-in-bn¬ BZy-tlmc N{μs‚bpw
c≠m-asØ tlmc kqcy-s‚bpw BIp-∂p.
^eZo]nI 66
3. t{Z°mWw
t{Z°mtWimx {Xn-`m-ssKx- ˛ cminsb aq∂mbn Xncn-®Xp t{Z°mWw.
t{Z°mWm-Y-∑m¿:
X-p -kp-X -ip-`]m ˛ e·w, A©v, HºXv F∂o
`mhßfpsS mY∑-m¿.
4. ZzmZ-imwiw
ZzmZimw-ikvXp e·m¬ ˛ cminsb ]{¥-≠mbn Xncn-®Xp
ZzmZ-imwiw.
ZzmZimwimY∑m¿:
{Klw n¬°p∂ cminapX¬°p≈ 12 cminIfmWv ZzmZimwiw. DZmlcWØnv
IpP≥ n¬°p∂Xv taSØn¬. ZzmZimwiw taSwapX¬ aowhsc. Kpcp n¬°p∂Xv
NnßØn¬. ZzmZimwiw Nnßw apX¬ I¿°SIwhsc. ZzmZimwimY∑m¿ taSw˛Ip,
CShw˛ip F∂ {IaØn¬Xs∂.
5. {Xnwimw-iw
Hcp cminsb ap∏-Xmbn Xncn-®Xp {Xnwimw-iIw.
{Xnwimw-iImY∑m¿ (A£ckwJybn¬):
`ua A¿°n CuUy ⁄ ip{Imx ˛
IpP≥ in, Kpcp, _p[≥, ip{I≥
i in P k a
5 5 8 7 5
ehm ˛ Awi߃
HmPt` ˛ hoXw HmPcminbn¬.
bp‹t` XZvhykvXw ˛ bp‹cminbn¬ CXnp hn]coXw.
6. hmwiw
Hcp cminsb 3T
˛20’ hoXw Hº-Xp `mKßfmbn Xncn-®Xp hmw-iIw.
{Inb -a-I-c -Xpem I¿°-SmZym hmw-imx
˛ taSw (tajmZn),
˛ aI-cw (aI-cmZn),
˛ Xpemw, (XpemZn)
˛ I¿°Sw (I¿°ymZn)
˛ XpS-ßn- hmw-i-I-߃.
tajmZn F∂p ]d-™m¬ ta-SØnpw AXns‚ {XntImWcmin Iƒ°pw
(Nnßw,- [-p) Hcpt]mse BsW-∂¿∞w. CXpt]mse a‰p≈hbpw.
A≤ymbw 3 (h¿§hn`mKm≤ymbw) 67
1 5 9
1. tajmZn: taSw, Nnßw, [p
2. aIcmZn CShw, I∂n, aIcw
3. XpemZn anYpw, Xpemw, Ipw`w
4. I¿°ymZn I¿°Sw hr›nIw aow
7. jjvSywiw
Hcp cminsb Adp-]-Xmbn `mKn-®Xv jjvSywiw.
jjvSyw-i-Imx Hm-Pt` {IqcmJymx ˛ HmPcm-inbn¬ {Iqc-mwi߃ F∂p
t]cmb jjvSyw-i߃
(A£ckwJybn¬):
b⁄w cXv Pw [w b- ]Sw cq]w ebw tNSnw
10 20 80 90 01 11 21 31 61
1 2 8 9 10 11 12 13 16
tlmcm tbmK Jew _ew `K in-em [qen hw {]kkzw
82 13 23 33 43 53 93 04 24
28 31 32 33 34 35 39 40 42
em`w hniz- Znhw [hw cW [aw
34 44 84 94 25 95
43 44 48 - 49 52 59
kat` hn]-cy-b-anZw ˛ bp‹-cm-in-bn¬ ({Iqcmwi߃)
CXnp hn]-coXambn hcp∂p.
tijmx kuaym-lz-bmx ˛ ChnsS ]dbmØh kuayw
F∂p t]cp≈hbmIp∂p.
HmPcminbn¬:
{Iqcmwi߃ kuaymwi߃
1, 2 3˛7
8˛13 14, 15
16 17˛27
28 29, 30
31˛35 36˛38
39, 40 41
42˛44 45˛47
48˛49 50, 51
52 53˛58
59 60
^eZo]nI 68
bp‹cminbn¬:
{Iqcmwi߃ kuaymwi߃
.... 1, 2
3˛7 8˛13
14, 15 16
17˛27 28
29, 30 31˛35
36˛38 39˛40
41 42˛44
45˛47 48˛49
50, 51 52
53˛58 59
60
8, 9. k]vXmwihpw. Zimwihpw
kzmXv k]vXmw-i- Z-imw-iIu Xp hnjta ˛ k]vXmwiØnepw ZimwiØnepw
HmPcminbn¬ AXmXp cmin apX¬,
bpt‹ Xp Imam ip-`m¬ ˛ bp‹cminbn¬ Ggv, HºXv cminIƒ
apX¬.
k]vXmwiw. Zimwiw
HmPcminbn¬ AXmXp cminapX¬ AXmXp cminapX¬
bp‹cminbn¬ Ggmw cminapX¬ HºXmwcminapX¬
10. Iemwiw AYhm tjmUimwiw
Hcp cminsb ]Xnmdmbn Xncn®XmWv Iemwiw AYhm tjmUimwiw. {Klw
n¬°p∂ cminapX¬ XpS¿®bmbn hcp∂ ]Xnmdp cminIfmWv ]Xnmdv
Awi߃.
Iemw-i]m hn[n- l-co Cui A¿°m-x
-˛ HmP-cm-in-bn¬ {_-“m-hv, hn-jvWp in-h≥, kqcy≥ Cu {Ia-Ønepw
k-a¿t£ AyYm
˛ bp‹cm-in-bn¬ kqcy≥, inh≥, hnjvWp, {_“mhv F∂ {Ia-Ønepw
IemwitZhXIƒ Bh¿Øn®p hcp∂p.
a‰p aq∂p hymJymßfnepw sImSpØn´p≈ Cu tjmUi h¿§mYXzw
(hn[olcoim¿°....) sNdph≈nbpsS hymJymØn¬ C√.
kzm[oim›, Iemwi]m›captJ˛
jzmZym≤tc›m]Xx
A≤ymbw 3 (h¿§hn`mKm≤ymbw) 69
F∂mWv AhnsS sImSpØn´p≈Xv. AXns‚ A¿∞w˛˛
Cu Iemwiw NccminIfn¬ taSwapXepw ÿnccminbn¬ NnßwapXepw D`bcminbn¬
[papXepw {IaØmse IW°mt°≠XmWv.
c≠p ]mTßfpw tN¿Øp hmbn°ptºmtg nbaw ]q¿ÆamIp∂p≈p.
{XtbmZih¿§w
tImW-bp-ssX-x {Xn-tIm-W-`-h kz¿£ D® -tI-{μ- DØ-ah¿§ k-]vX-k-l- {X-tbm-Z-
ianXm h¿§mx {]ZnjvSmx ]tc ˛ k]vX-h¿§ß-fpsS IqsS {Xn-tIm-Ww, aqe{XntImWw,
kz-t£{Xw, -D®w, -tI-{μw, h¿t§m-Øaw- Ch Bdpw IqSn Iq´nbXv {XtbmZih¿§w.
ChnsS sNdph≈n Xs‚ hymJymØn¬ aq∂pt«mIßfnembn Xpcy (1/4), hnwi
( 1/20), kn≤ (1/ 24), £{X (1/27), NXzmcn (1/40), kn≤thZ (1/45) F∂o Bdv Awi߃IqSn
hnhcn°p∂p≠v. Zih¿§Øns‚IqsS Cu Bdp h¿§ßƒIqsS Iq´nbm¬
tjmUih¿§ambn. ^eZo]nIbn¬ tjmUih¿§w ]dbmØ Xnm¬ Cu aq∂pt«mI߃
Hgnhm°nbtXm {]£n]vXtam Bhmw.
(7)
h¿§mtymPbXp {Xtbm-Zi kplrXv kz¿t£m-®-t`jp {IamZv˛
Zznkv{Xnx ]©N-Xp¿∂-hm-{Zn-h-kp-j-Uvkw-Jymkp h¿ss§ IrXx
{]mlp-t›m-Ø-a-]m-cn-Pm-X-I-YnXu knwlm-kw tKm]pcw
tNssXy-cm-h-X-tZ-h-tem-I-ctemImw-i› ]mcm-hXw.
DØamwiw XpSßnbh
{Xtbm-Zi h¿§m≥ tbmPbXp ˛ (PmXIØn¬) {XtbmZih¿§w
IW°m°nbXn¬ {Kl߃°v
kplrXv ˛ an{Xt£{Xw,
kz¿£w ˛ kzt£{Xw,
D®`w ˛ D®t£{Xw,
F∂o ap∂v ApIqeÿmßfnembn
Zzn {Xn ]© N-Xp -h A-{Zn h-kp- jUv
2, 3, 5, 4, 9, 7, 8, 6
kw-Jymkp h¿ss§x IrXx ˛ F∂nßs h¿§ÿnXn In´p∂psh¶n¬
B kwJy Apkcn®v {KlßfpsS ÿnXn˛
1. D-Ø-a - ˛ DØ-aw-,
2. ]m-cn-Pm-X - ˛ ]m-cn-Pm-Xw,
3. knwlm-k ˛ knwlm-kw
4. tKm]pc ˛ tKm]pcw
^eZo]nI 70
5. sFcm-h-X - ˛ sFcm-h-Xw
6. tZ-h-tem-I- - ˛ tZ-h-tem-Iw
7. ctemI ˛ ctemIw
8. ]mcm-hXw. - ˛ ]mcmhXw
F∂o Awißfnembncn°pw.
{XtbmZih¿§Øn¬
In´nb kwJy Awiw
9 sFcmhXw
8 ctemIw
7 tZhtemIw
6 ]mcmhXw
5 knwlmkw
4 tKm]pcw
3 ]mcnPmXw
2 DØaw
ctemIØnp ]Icw kpctemIw F∂pw hn[n ({_“) temIw F∂pw ]mTt`Zw
ImWp∂p≠v. ImcyØn√msX t]cnv {]m[myw sImSp°Wsa∂p tXm∂p∂n√. AXp
t]mse Nne ]Xn∏pIfn¬ DØasØ ]mcnPmXsa∂pw ]mcnPmXsØ DØasa∂pw amdn
hnfn°pp∂pap≠v . AXpw ImcysØ _m[n°p∂n√.
(8)
Bcym-¬∏-Kp-Wm¿∞-ku-Jy-hn-`-hm≥ bx ]mcn-Pm-Xmw-i-Kx
kzmNmcw hn-bm-znXw N n]pWw bZyp-Ø-amw-ti -ÿnXx
tJtSm tKm]p-c-`m-KKx ip`-aXnw kzt£-{X tKm aμncw
bx knw-lm-k-tKm rt]-{μ-Z-bnXw `q]m-e-Xpeyw cw.
(9)
t{ijvTm-iz-Zzn-]-hm-l-m-Zn-hn-`hw ]mcm-h-Xm-[n-jvTnXx
k¬Io¿Ønw bZn tZh-tem-I-k-lntXm `qa-WvU-em-[o-izcw
hμyw `q]-Xn-`nx- kp-tc-{μ-k-Z-riw ssXzcm-h-Xmw-i-ÿnXx
kZv`mKyw [-[my]p{X-k-lnXw `q]w hnZ-[ymZv {Klx
DØamwimZn h¿§^ew
1. Bcy A¬∏-Kp-W A¿∞-ku-Jy-hn-`-hm≥ ]mcn-Pm-Xmw-i-Kx
˛ ]mcnPmXmwiw (3 _nμp): t{ijvT≥, A[nIKpW-hm≥, [w, kpJw,
hn`-h-߃.
A≤ymbw 3 (h¿§hn`mKm≤ymbw) 71
2. kzmNmcw hn-bm-znXw n]pWw DØ-amw-ti -ÿnXx
˛ DØamwiw (2 _nμp) : Xs‚ BNm-c-ß-ƒ ApjvTn°p∂h≥,hn-bw,
ss]p-Wyw.
3. tKm]p-c-`m-KKxip`-aXnw kzt£-{XtKm aμncw
--˛ tKm]p-cmw-i--w (4 _nμp) : k∑-- v, kz¥-ambn `qan, ]ip-°ƒ, hoSv.
4. knw-lm-k-tKmrt]-{μ-Z-bnXw `q]m-e-Xpeyw cw
˛ knwlm-k-mwi--w (5 _nμp) : cmPm-hnp {]nb≥, cmPXpey≥.
5. t{ijvTm Aiz- Zn-]- hm-l-m-Zn-hn-`hw ]mcm-h-Xm-[n-jvTnXx˛
˛ ]mcm-h-Xmw-i--w (6 _nμp) : t{ijvT-amb IpXn-c, B apX-emb hml--߃
6. k¬Io¿Ønw bZn tZh-tem-I-k-lntXm `qa-WvU-em-[oizcw
˛ tZhtem-Imw-i-I-w (7 _nμp) : ˛ k¬ Io¿Øn, cmPm-hv.
7. hμyw `q]-Xn-`n- p-tc-{μ-k-Z-riw sFcm-h-Xmw-i-ÿnXx
˛ sFcm-h-Xmwiw( 9 _nμp) : cmPm-°-∑m-cm¬°qSn hμn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥,
tZth{μp Xpey≥.
-8. kZv`mKyw [-[my]p{X-k-lnXw `q]w
˛ c-tem-Imwiw (8 _nμp) `mKy-hm≥, [w, -[myw, ]p{X-∑m¿ Ch-tbm-Sp-
Iq-Sn-b-h≥, cmPm-hv.
3, 4 hcnIƒ sNdph≈n sImSpØn´p≈Xnv sNdnsbmcp am‰ap≠v.
kZv`mKyw [[my]p{XklnXw `q]w hncn©mwiKx
hμyw `q]Xn`nx kptc{μkZriw ssXzcmhXmwiÿnXx.
(10)
bZz¿tKjz-Jn-tejp arXyp-c-_-te-jz-{Xm-Y -ht£y {Iam˛
∂miw ZpxJ-a-¿∞Xmw N hnkpJw _‘p-{]nbw XZzcw
`qt]jvSw [nw r]w r]-hcw h¿t§ _en-jvtT- f Jnte
h¿≤[njvWpw kpJnw r]w KZ-arXo _mem-Zyhÿm^ew.
Zih¿§^ew
h¿t§jp AJntejp ˛ F√m (]Øp) ]¿§ßfnepw
arXyp A_tejp ˛ _eans√¶n¬ acWw
^eZo]nI 72
(a‰p h¿§ßfn¬ _eans√¶n¬ {IaØn¬)
9 h¿§Øn¬ _eans√¶n¬ ˛ miw
8 ,, ,, ˛ ZpJw,
7 ,, ,, ˛ A¿∞X (A¿∞߃),
6 ,, ,, ˛ hnkpJw (kpJan√mbva),
5 ,, ,, ˛ _‘p{]nbw (kzP߃°p th≠s∏´h≥)
4 ,, ,, ˛ XZvhcw (kzPßfn¬ t{ijvT≥, Xeh≥)
3 ,, ,, ˛ `qt]jvSw (cmPmhnv CjvSs∏´h≥)
2 ,, ,, ˛ [nw ([nI≥)
1 ,, ,, ˛ r]w ˛ cmPmhv
h¿t§ _en-jvtS- AJnte ˛ F√m h¿§ßƒ°pw _eaps≠¶n¬
r]hcw ˛ cmPt{ijvT≥, N{Ih¿Øn.
t«mIw aq∂n¬ ]d™ _memZn Ah-ÿm-^ew
(_mex Ipamcx XcpWx {]hbm artXm jUv`mssKx ....
h¿≤[njvWpw kpJnw r]w KZ-arXo _mem-Zyhÿm^ew.)
1. h¿≤njvWpw ˛ h¿≤n-°p-∂-h≥ (_meyw)
2. kpJnw ˛ kpJ-ap-≈-h≥, (Iuamcw)
3. r]w ˛ cmPmhv (XmcpWyw)
4. KZw ˛ tcmKw (hm¿≤Iyw)
5. arXn ˛ acWw (arX)
(11)
jUz¿t§jp ip`-{K-lm-[n-I-KpssWx
{ioam≥ NncwPohXn
{Iqcmwti _lpte hne·`ht
Zotm f ¬∏-Po-h-»Tx
X∂mYm _entm rt]m- f kvXy-Y- -hmw-˛
titim ZrKm-tWiztcm
et·ix {Ia-i-x kpJo r]-kax
t£mWo-]-Xn¿`m-Ky-hm≥.
jUz¿§^ew
PmXIØn¬˛˛
1. jUvh¿t§jp ip`-{K-l A[n-I- KpssWx {ioam≥ Nncw PohXn ˛ e·Øns‚
jUz¿§-ß-fn¬ ip`-{K-l-ßfpsS h¿§amWv A[nIw hcp∂sX¶n¬, B PmXI≥
[nIpw Zo¿Lm-bp- p≈hpw BIpw.
A≤ymbw 3 (h¿§hn`mKm≤ymbw) 73
2. {Iqcmwti _lpte hne-·-`-ht Zox A¬∏-Po-h-x iTx ˛ e·Ønp {Iqcmw-i-
amWv A[n-Iw hcp∂sX-¶n¬ Zo≥, A¬∏mbp v, iT≥. imTyw ˛ hmin, n¿_‘w
3. X∂mYm _entm rt]m- ˛ e·Øns‚ jUvh¿§mY-∑m¿ _e-hm-∑m-cm-bn-cp-
∂m¬ cmPm-hm-Ipw.
4. -hmw-titim kpJo ˛ hmw-im-[n-]≥ _e-hm-m-bn-cp-∂m¬ kpJn.
5. ZrKm-tWiztcm r]-kax ˛ t{Z°m-Wm-[n-]≥ _e-hm-m-bn-cp-∂m¬ cmP-Xp-ey≥.
6. et·ix {Ia-i-x kpJo r]-kax t£mWo-]-Xnx `m-Ky-hm≥. ˛ et·-iz-c≥ _e-
hm-m-bn-cp-∂m¬ {IaØn¬ kpJnbmbpw cmPXpeymbpw `mKy-hm-mb cmPm-hmbpw
`hn-°pw.
(12)
HmtP {Iqtc f ¿°-tlmcmw KX-hXn _e-hm≥
{Iqc-hrØn¿[-mtVym
bpt‹ Nm{μow ipt`jp ZypXn-hn--bh-tNm-
lrZyku-`m-Kybp‡x
hykvXw hykvtX f {X ant{i ka-^-e-ap-ZnXw
e·-N{μu _enjvTu
X∂mYu Zzu N XZz-ZyZn `hXn Nncw
PohyZpx-Jo- b-i-kzo.
HmPbp‹cmiywi^ew
1. HmtP - ˛ HmP- cm-in-bn¬
A¿°tlmcmw ˛ kqcy-tlm-c-bn¬ (1˛15T
)
{Iqtc ˛ ]m]{Kl߃
KXhXn ˛ n∂m¬, ^ew
_ehm≥{IqchrØnx[mVy ˛ i‡≥, {Iqc≥, [m-Vy≥.
2. bpt‹ Nm{μow ipt`jp ˛ CXpt]mse bp‹-cm-in-bn¬,
N {μ-tlm-c-bn¬, kuay-{Klw n∂m¬
ZypXn- hn--b -h-tNm- lr-Zyku-`m-Kybp‡x ˛ Im¥n, hn-bw, hmIvam-[p-cyw,
ku`m-Kyw.
3. hykvXw hykvtX f {X ˛ CXnp hn]-co-X-am-bn-cp-∂m¬
hn]-co-X-^ew.
4. ant{i ka-^-ew D-ZnXw ˛ an{i-am-bn-cp-∂m¬ an{i-^-ew.
^eZo]nI 74
5. e·-N{μu _enjvTu X∂mYu Zu N XZz-ZyZn `hXn
˛ e·Ønpw N{μpw, AXp-t]mse e·m-[n-]pw N{μe-·m-[n-]pw, _eaps≠
¶n¬
NncwPohn AZpx-Jo- b-i-kzo ˛ Nncw-Pohnbmbpw ZpxJ-an-√m-Ø-h-mbpw
bi-kzn-bmbpw `hn-°pw.
Cn hcp∂ 13, 14, 15, 16 t«mI߃ sIm√w]Xn∏nen√. sNdph≈nbpsS hymJym
Øn¬ Nne hyXymkßtfmsS sImSpØn´pap≠v. Chbn¬ BZysØ aqs∂Æw
t{Z°mWßfpsS maßfpw ^eßfpw mematØXp KpfnIssh®p e·w
icnbm°mp≈ nbahpamWv.
(13)
knwlmPmiznXpemrbp‹`ht
jz¥ym(1)
lbmPmZnamx
a≤yu kv{Xobatbmcnlmbp[`rXx
]mtim f fnat≤ym `thXv
{ImtZym nKtfm artK{μLStbm˛
cmtZym hWnMva≤ytam
Kr{≤mtkym hrj`m¥na› hnlKx
I¿IymZn tImemw.
(1) ]mTt`Zw: `htjz¥ym ˛ aItcjz¥ym
1. Bbp[t{Z°mW߃
knwl AP Aizn Xpem rbp‹ `htjp A¥ym
˛ Nnßw, taSw, [p, Xpemw, anYpw Cu
cminIfpsS A¥yt{Z°mWßfpw,
lbAPBZnau ˛ [p,taSw cminIfpsS BZnt{Z°mW
ßfpw,
a≤yu kv{Xobatbm... ˛ I∂nbptSbpw anYpØnt‚bpw a≤y
t{Z°mWßfpw
Bbp[`rXx ˛ Bbp[t{Z°mW߃.
2. ]mit{Z°mWw
]mix Afnat≤y `thXv.... Afnat≤y ]miw
˛ hr›nIw a≤yw ]mit{Z°mWw.
3. nKf t{Z°mWw
{ImtZym nKtfm ˛ aIcw BZyw: nKf t{Z°mWw
A≤ymbw 3 (h¿§hn`mKm≤ymbw) 75
4. Kr{[mkyt{Z°mW߃
artK{μ LStbm BtZym ˛ Nnßw, Iqw`w ChbpsS BZyw
hWnMv a≤ytbm ˛ Xpemw a≤yw
Kr{[mtkym ˛ Ch Kr{[apJ t{Z°mW߃.
5. hnlKt{Z°mWw
hrj`m¥na› hnlKx ˛ CShw A¥yw ]£nt{Z°mWw.
6. tImemt{Z°mWw
I¿IymZn tImemw ˛ I¿°Sw BZyw : tImeapJ (]∂napJ)
t{Z°mWw
(14)
Iu¿]ymZyx I¿ISmt¥ymQjNcaaln›mPtKma[yknwlm˛
Zyfy¥w kym®Xpjv]mZnl ^ea[{Iqcnμym Zcn{Zmx
Zzμ¿t£ kyp¿ZrKmssWc[akaip`myÿntc tNmXv{ItaW
{]mlpkvX⁄vmx ÿnc¿t£jzip`ip`kamtyh et·^emn.
7. k¿∏t{Z°mW߃
Iu¿]ymZyx ˛ hr›nIw BZn
I¿IS At¥ym ˛ I¿°SIw A¥yw,
QjNca ˛ aow A¥yw
Alnx N ˛ Ch k¿∏t{Z°mWßfpw
8. NXpjv]mZt{Z°mW߃
AP tKm a[y ˛ taSw, CShw ˛ a≤yw
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Phaladeepika malayalam pdf complete

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aebmfw X¿÷a ap√∏n≈n
  • 2. ^eZo]nI aebmfw X¿÷a {KŸkqNn 1. ^eZo]nIbpsS hymJym߃ 1. ‰n. F≥. mWp]n≈ Bim≥, Fkv. Sn. B¿. ]ªnt°j≥kv, sIm√w. (10thEdition) 2. Dr. G. .S. Kapoor, RanjanPublications,NewDelhi(1991) 3. Pandit Gopesh Kumar Ojha and PanditAshutoshOjha, MotilalBanarsidassPublishers, Delhi. (2008) 4. sNdph≈n mcmbW≥ ºqXncn, tZhn _p°v Ãmƒ, sImSpß√q¿ (2009) 2. a‰p {KŸßƒ 1. i_vZXmcmhen -˛ {ioIWvtTizcw Pn. ]flm`]n≈ 2. tPymXnjnL≠p ˛ HmW°q¿ i¶cKWI≥ IqSmsX, tlmcmimkv{Xw, PmXI]mcnPmXw, PmXImtZiw, {]ivam¿§w XpSßnb nch[n KŸßfpw tUm. _n.hn. cma≥, F≥. C. apØpkzman XpSßnb B[pnI BNmcy∑mcpsS ]pkvXIßfpw Cu X¿÷abpsS cNbn¬ D]tbmKn®n´p≠v.
  • 3. Cu ]pkvXIsØ°pdn®v... `mcXobtPymXnjØnp KWnXw, kwlnX, tlmc F∂nßs aq∂p kvI‘ß fp≠v. ip≤KWnXhpw {KlßfpsS ÿmn¿ÆbØnp≈ KWmk{ºZmbßfpamWv KWnXkvI‘Øn¬ hcp∂Xv. Cu `mKamWv ]n∂oSp tPymXn»mkv{Xw ( Astronomy) BbnØo¿∂Xv. kwlnX, tlmc F∂o kvI‘ßfn¬ hcp∂ ImcyßfmWv C∂sØ tPymXnjw. (Astrology). tlmcmkvI‘amWv tPymXnjØnse G‰hpw {]m[myhpw {]Nmchpap≈ `mKw. aplq¿Øw, {]ivw, nanØw, PmXIw F∂nßs mep `mKßfmbn CXns Xncn®ncn°p∂p. HcmfpsS PkabsØ {KlÿnXn ASnÿmam°n AbmfpsS PohnXØnse `qX˛h¿Øam˛`mhnImekw`h߃ {]hNn°mp≈ D]m[nbmWv PmXIw. PmXIØns‚ ASnkvYmw I¿Ωkn≤m¥amWv. Hcmƒ Hcp {]h¿Øn sNbvXm¬ C∂s√¶n¬ msf Abmƒ AXns‚ ^ew Ap`hn°pw F∂XmWv I¿Ωkn≤m¥w. PmXIkw_‘ambn nch[n {KŸßƒ nehnep≠v. AXnhn]pehpw AXnk¶o¿Æhpamb Hcp hn`mKamWnXv. hcmlanlnc≥ (F.Un Bdmw q‰m≠v) Xs‚ ImeØp e`yambncp∂ F√m tlmcm{KŸßfpw kw{Kln®v tlmcmimkv{Xw AYhm _rl÷mXIw F∂ Hcp {KŸw cNn®n´p≠v . PmXIhn`mKØn¬ C∂p In´mhp∂ {KŸßfn¬ sh®v G‰hpw {]Nmcap≈Xv CXpXs∂bmWv. A¿∞_mlpeyap≈ 386 t«mIßfmWv CXnep≈Xv. Hmtcm t«mIØnpw ]e A¿∞ßfpw Ahbn¬ hnhn[amb kqNIfpap≠v. q‰ºXn¬∏cw hymJym߃ CXnp≠mbn´ps≠∂p ]dbptºmƒØs∂ Cu {KŸØns‚ aqeyhpw KlXbpw hy‡amIp∂p≠t√m. Zim≤ymbn, hnhcWw XpSßnb AXns‚ hymJym߃°pXs∂ kzX{¥{KŸßfpsS ]Zhn e`n®n´p≠v. IqSmsX, ]pcmWßfpsS coXnbn¬ FgpXs∏´ _rlXv]cmictlmc (F´mw q‰m≠v), kmcmhen (]Ømwq‰m≠v), ^eZo]nI 13/16 q‰m≠v), PmXI]mcnPmXw (]Xn©mwq‰m≠v) XpSßn alØpw _rlØpamb nch[n {KŸßƒ PmXIhnjbØn¬ {]Nmctadnbh bmWv. Chtbmtcm∂pw AXmXp ImetZi߃°pkcn® {]tXyIXIfpw Hu∂Xyhpw ]pe¿Øp∂hbpamWv. ^eZo]nI cNn°s∏´Xv ]Xnaq∂mw q‰m≠ntem, ]Xnmdmw q‰m≠ntem F∂ Imcyw X¿°hnjbamWv. AXpt]mse {KŸI¿Ømhmb at{¥izcs°pdn®pw A`n{]mbhyXymkßfp≠v. At±lØns‚ t]¿ am¿°mfib`´{Xncn F∂msWWpw, aebmf{_m“WmsW∂pw AX√ t]¿ am¿°mtfib`´¿ F∂msWpw Xangvm´pImc msW∂pw A`n{]mbßfp≠v. AXv Hcp]t£ kqNn∏n°p∂Xv tIcfhpw XangvmSpw H∂mbn°nS∂ Hcp ImesØbmbncn°mw. `mjbpsS ImcyØn¬ ^eZo]nI, PmXI
  • 4. ]mcnPmXtØ°mƒ {]mNoamWv. AsX¥mbmepw, a{¥izc≥ Pohn®Xv Xncps¬ thenbnemsW∂Xnv ^eZo]nIbn¬Øs∂ kqNIfp≠v. kymkw kzoIcn®v At±lw tZimSw SØnsb∂pw Xncns®Øn AhkmmfpIƒ Xncps¬thenbn¬Øs∂ Ign®psh∂pw ]dbs∏Sp∂p. ^eZo]nIbv°p a‰p tPymXnj{KŸßsf At]£n®v ]e {]tXyIXIfpap≠v. {][mambpw tlmcmimkv{XØnset∏mse {]uVKw`ocamb t«mIßfn¬ Imcy߃ HXp°n∏dbp∂ DZmØamb BJymcoXnXs∂. ]e t«mIßfpw A]q¿hkpμcßfmWv. AXpt]mse D≈S°Øns‚ ImcyØnepw ^eZo]nI ^etPymXnjØns‚ Hcp F≥sskt¢m]oUnbt]mse.bmWv. a‰p {KŸßfn¬ ]dbmØtXm kqNn∏n°pIam{Xtam sNbvX Zp¿LSamb Imcy߃ CXn¬ hfsc efnXambpw hniZambpw hnhcn®n´p≠v. DZmlcWØnv ImeN{IZi, AjvSh¿§w, D]{KlßfpsS kzm[nw, Nme^ew XpSßnbhXs∂ aXnbmIpw. cminIƒ, `mh߃, {Kl߃, {Kl_ew, `mh_ew, e·^ew, `mh^ew, {Kl߃ `mhßfn¬ n∂mep≈ ^e߃, kv{XoPmXIw, ]p{XtbmKw, Bbp v˛tcmKw˛acWw F∂nh n¿Æbn°mp≈ hnhn[ am¿§ßƒ, ^eßfpsS kabn¿ÆbØnpXIp∂ Nmc^ew F∂nßs nch[n Imcy߃ ^eZo]nIbn¬ hnkvXcn®p {]Xn]mZn®n´p≠v. ^eZo]nIbv°v aebmfØn¬ Ct∏mƒØs∂ c≠p hymJym߃ e`yamWv. mWp]n≈ Bims‚ efnXamb hymJymhpw sNdph≈n mcmbW≥ ºqXncnbpsS {]uVKw`ocamb hymJymhpw. F∂m¬ c≠pw XmcXayw sNbvXp≈ ]TØn¬ sXfn™Xv ]ebnSØpw I≠ ckIcamb kmayXbmWv. ]ebnSØpw h≈n]p≈n hyXymkan√. DZmlcWØn,v Hcp t«mIØns‚ A¿∞Øn¬ c≠nepw `mpkpXw kqcymWv. IqSmsX, c≠pw km{ºZmbnI AYhm ]mcºcy coXnbnep≈hbmWv. hm°pIfpsS A¿∞w {]tXyIambn sImSp°pI F∂ dnkvIv Ah¿ FSpØn´n√. Aßns Ds≠¶nte tPymXnjw ]Tn°p∂h¿°p Imcy߃ kz¥ambn aw sNbvsXSp°mmIq. Cu X¿÷abn¬ Ignbp∂nStØmfw ]Zmp]Zw ]n¥pScm≥ {ian®n´p≠v. CXp km¿∞Iam°p∂Xnv, t«mIØnepw A¿∞Ønepap≈ sX‰v Hgnhm°n FSp°p∂Xnmbn, ta¬∏d™ c≠p hymJym߃°p ]pdsa, Cw•ojnep≈ c≠p hymJymßfpw AhtbmSp tN¿Øpsh®p ]Tn°pIbp≠mbn. sX‰pIƒ Cnbpw _m°nbp≠mImw. hnhcap≈h¿ Ah Nq≠n°mWn®m¬ kkt¥mjw XncpØp∂XpamWv. Ahkmambn Cu X¿÷a SØnb Bsf°pdn®p ]dtb≠Xpw Ncn{X]camb HcmhiyamWv. 1945 Pq¨ 10˛v ap√∏n≈n C√Øv IrjvW≥ CfbXnt‚bpw tßen A¥¿÷Ønt‚bpw aImbn Xriq¿ Pn√bnse Ipgqcn¬ Pn®p. [mcmfw FgpXnbn´p≠v. Fgp]Xmwhb nemWv Cu {KŸw ]q¿Ønbm°p∂Xv,
  • 5. hnjbhnhcw A≤ymbw hnjbw ˛ t]Pv 1 kw⁄m≤ymbw (cminIfpw `mhßfpw) 1˛23 2 {Klt`Zm≤ymbw ({Klßsf°pdn®v Adntb≠sX√mw.) 24 ˛ 60 3 h¿§ßfpw Awißfpw 61˛79 4 jUv_ew, N{μ{Inb apXembh 80 ˛ 97 5 I¿Ω-mPo-h-{]-I-cWw 98 ˛ 104 6 tbmK-߃ 105 ˛ 149 7 kzXxkn≤cmPtbmK߃ 150 166 8 `mhm{i-b-^ew- ({Kl-߃ `mh-ß-fn¬ n∂m-ep-≈ ^ew) 167 ˛ 196 9 {Kl߃ cmin-I-fn¬ (e·^ehpw {Kl߃ D®w, kzt£{Xw apXembhbn¬ n∂m-ep-≈ ^ehpw) 197 - 207 10 Ggmw `mhNn¥ 208 ˛ 219 11 kv{XoPmXIw 220 - 228 12 ]p{XNn¥ 229 - 246 13 Bbp¿n¿Æbw 247 - 261 14 tcmKw, acWw, Ign™ P∑w, ASpØ P∑w 262 - 280 15 `mh-Nn-¥m-hn[n 281 - 300 16 `mh^ew 301 318 17 ncymW{]IcWw 319 -˛ 330 18 Zzn{K-l-tbm-K^eßfpw ]{μ-s a‰p {Kl-߃ ZrjvSn-sN-bvXmep-≈ ^e-ßfpw a‰pw 331 ˛ 342 19 Zim-^ew 343 ˛ 357 20 `mhm-[n-]- Z-im-^ew 358 ˛ 384 21 A-]-lm-c-^-ew 385 ˛ 420 22 Bbp¿±mbZiIƒ 421 ˛ 448 23 AjvSIh¿§w 449 ˛ 468 24 AjvSIh¿§w (XpS¿®) 469 ˛ 492 25 D]{Kl߃ 493 ˛ 511 26 Nmc-^ew 512 ˛ 536 27 kymktbmK߃ 537 ˛ 540 28 D]kwlmcw 541 ˛ 542 Ap_‘w 1 {KlßfpsS h¿§_ew (A≤ymbw 3) 543 ˛ 554 2 jUv_ew, N{μ{Inb apXembh (A≤mbw 4) 555 ˛ 582 3 ImeN{IZibnse ZimmY]´nI (A≤ymbw 22) 583 ˛ 585 4 `mcXobtPymXnjw ˛ Hcp ]Tw 586 ˛ 596
  • 6. Q^^^^^^ 1 111 A≤ymbw 1. (kw⁄m≤ymbw) 1 1A 1 A≤ymbw 1 kw⁄m≤ymbw hnjbhnhcw t«mI߃ 1. cminIƒ 1, 2 awKmNcWw 3 KWnX`mKw 4. cminIfpw Ime-]p-cp-js‚ Ahbhßfpw cmin-k‘nIƒ cmin-kz-cq]w 5. cmin-ÿm-߃ 6. {Kl-ß-fpsS cmiym-[n-]Xyw kuc-bqYhpw {Kl-ß-fpsS cmiym-[n-]Xyhpw {Kl-ß-fpsS D®-cm-in-Ifpw AXyp®ÿmßfpw 7. {Klß-fpsS aqe-{Xn-tIm-W-cm-in-Iƒ c-cm-in-Iƒ, IoS-cm-inIƒ, Pe-cm-in-Iƒ, NXp-jv]m-ZcminIƒ 8. ]rjvtTm-Z-b ˛ D`-tbm-Z-b ˛ io¿tjm-Zbcmin-Iƒ cm{Xn-cm-in-Iƒ, ]I¬ cmin-Iƒ Du¿≤-˛-A-[-˛-k-a-cmin-Iƒ 9. Nc-˛ÿn-c˛-D-`-b-cm-in-Iƒ XpSßnbh ]pcp-j-cminIƒ, kv{Xo-cm-in-Iƒ XpSßnbh cminIƒ°v Zn°p-I-fpsS B[n]Xyw hmamw-K-Z£n-Wmw-K-cm-in-Iƒ 2. `mh-߃ 10˛16 1 apX¬ 12 hscbp≈ `mhßfpsS hnhcWw. 16 eo-ÿm--߃. 17 Zpÿm--߃, kpÿm߃, tI{μ-߃ 18 ]W-]cw, Bt]m-¢naw, NXp-c{iw. D]-Nbw. {XntImWw 11211 2
  • 7. ic1 ^eZo]nI 2 2A pp 1. cminIƒ (1) kμ¿iw hnX-ptX ]nXr-tZ-h-rWmw amkm-_vZ-hm-k-c-Z-ssf-c-Y(1) Du-¿-≤zKw bXv khyw IzNnXv IzNn-Zp--ss]-Xy-]-k-hy-taIw tPymXnx ]cw ZniXp hkvXz-anXmw {inbw x. kμ¿iw hnX-ptX - ˛ kμ¿in-°p∂p (Z¿iw ¬Ip-∂p), ]nXr-tZ-h -rWmw ˛ ]nXr-°ƒ°pw tZh-Iƒ°pw ap-jy¿°pw (]nXr-˛-tZ-h-˛-a-pjytemI-߃°v), amk A_vZ hm-k-c- ˛ amkw, A_vZw (h¿jw), hmkcw (Znhkw) Ch-bpsS, Z-ssf-x AY ˛ ]IpXn hoXw, Du-¿-≤zKw ˛ apI-fn-tebv°p Kan-°p-∂Xv, bXv ˛ bmsXm-∂mtWm, khyw ˛ CS-tØm-´v (sXt°m´v˛Z-£n-Wm-b-w), IzNnXv ˛ Nnte-SØv, Nne-t∏mƒ, IzNn-Xv D--ss]-Xn- A]-k-hyw ˛ Nnte-S-Øv (Nne-t∏mƒ) he-tØm-´v (hS-t°m-´ v˛ -DØcm-b-w) k©-cn°p-∂p, GIw tPymXnx ]cw -˛ ]ca-amb B tPymXn- v, ZniXp ˛ ImWn-°s´ (¬Is´), hkvXp AanXmw {inbw ˛ Af-h‰ sFiz-cysØ, x ˛ ap°v. ]mTt`Zw:(1) A[ Du¿≤zKw F∂p sNdph≈n. F∂m¬ AYbpsS ImcyØn¬ sX°pn∂pap≈ mWp]n≈ Bimpw, hS°pn∂pap≈ Pn.Fkv. I]qdpw Htc A`n{]mb°mcmWv. Cu AY˛A[ hyXymkØnp ImcWw tZhmKcnen]nsb At]£n®v {KŸm£cØnp≈ ]cnanXnbmbncn°Ww. kmcw:: ]nXr-°ƒ°pw tZh-Iƒ°pw ap-jy¿°pw amk-Øns‚ ]Ip-Xn, h¿j-Øns‚ ]Ip-Xn, Znh-k-Øns‚ ]IpXn F∂ {Ia-Øn¬ Z¿i--a-cpfn, F√m-‰npw apIfn¬ Db¿∂pn∂p {]Im-in-°p-∂, Bdp amkw sXt°m´pw Bdp amkw hS-t°m´pw k©-cn-°p∂, ]c-a-amb B tPymXn v (kq-cy-tZ-h≥) ap°p k¿h sFiz-cy-ßfpw {]ZmwsNø-s´. 1.k3 3
  • 8. Q^^^^^^ 3 333 A≤ymbw 1. (kw⁄m≤ymbw) 3 3A 3 (2) hmKvtZhow Ipe-tZ-hXmw aa Kpcq≥ Ime{Xb⁄m-Zm≥ kqcym-Zow› h-{K-lm≥ KW-]Xnw `‡ym {]W-tay-izcw kw£n]ym{Xn-]-cm-i-cmZn IYn-Xm≥ at{¥iztcm ssZhhnZv˛- ht£y f lw ^e-Zo-]nImw kphnaemw tPymXn¿hnZmw {]oXtb. hmKvtZhow ˛ kc-kz-Xo-tZ-hnsb, Ipe-tZ-hXmw ˛ [¿Ω-ssZ-h-ßsf, Ime{Xb⁄m-Zm≥ ˛ {XnIm-e-⁄m-n-I-fmb aa Kpcq≥ ˛ Fs‚ Kpcp-m-Y-∑msc, kqcym-Zow› h-{K-lm≥ ˛ kqcy≥ XpS-ßnb h-{K-l-ßsf, KW-]Xnw ˛ KW-]-Xnsb, Cuizcw ˛ Cuiz-cs (inhs) `‡ym {]W-ay ˛ -`‡n-tbmsS {]W-an-®n´v, A{Xn-]-cm-i-cmZn ˛ A{Xn, ]cm-i-c≥ XpS-ßnb al¿jn-am-cm¬, IYn-Xm≥ ˛ ]d-b-s∏´ (tPymXnj^e⁄mw) kw£n]y ˛ Npcp°n Xømdm°nb ^e-Zo-]nImw kphnaemw ˛ ]hn-{X-amb Cu ^e-Zo-]nIsb tPymXn¿hnZmw {]oXtb. ˛ tPymXnjhnZzm∑-mcpsS {]oXn°mbns°m≠v at{¥iztcm ssZh]nZv ˛ at{¥izcssZh⁄mb ht£y Alw ˛ Rm≥ hnhcn°p∂p kmcw: hmKvtZhXbmb kc-kz-Xo-tZ-hn, Ipe-tZ-h-X, Kpcp-m-Y-∑m¿, kqcy-`-K-hm≥ XpS-ßnb h-{K-l-߃, KW-]-Xn, ]c-a-in-h≥ Chsc `‡ntbmsS hWßn ssZh-⁄- mb Rm≥, at{¥-iz-c≥, tPymXn-jm-Nm-cy-∑m-cmb A{Xn, ]cm-i-c≥ XpS-ßnb al¿jn-am- cm¬ D]-tZ-in-°-s∏´ tPymXn-j-imkv{Xw ]WvUn-X-∑m-cpsS {]oXn-°-mbn-s°m≠v Npcp°n hnh-cn-°p-I-bm-Wv. (3) ]Zm-`m-ssZy¿bss{¥¿Pka-tbm f {X {]Y-atXm hnti-jm-Zzn-t⁄-b-x kl hnL-Sn-Im`n-kvXzY XZm KssX¿ZrIv XpeyXzw KWn-XI-cssWx tJN-c-KXnw hnZnXzm XZv`mhw _e-a]n ^ew ssXx IY-b-Xp. {]Y-aXx ˛ BZy-ambn, ]Zm-`m-ssZyx bss{¥x ˛ ASn-b-fthm D]-I-c-W-ßtfm sh®v, Pka-bx A{X ˛ P--k-abw, kl hnL-Sn-Im-`nx Xp AY ˛ hnm-gnI klnXw, hnti-jmXv hn--t⁄-b-x ˛ {]tXyIw Adn-bWw. AXnp tijw, KssXxZrIv XpeyXzw KWn-XI-cssWx ˛ Zr§-Wn-X-{]-Imcw IW-°p-Iq´n, 3
  • 9. ic1 ^eZo]nI 4 4A pp tJN-c-KXnw ˛ (B kabsØ) {Kl-ÿnXn, XZv`mhw_ew A]n ˛ `mhhpw _ehpw Dƒs∏sS hnZnXzm ˛ Adn-™n´v ^ew ssXx ˛ Ah-bpsS -^ew, IY-b-Xp ˛ ]d-bpI. BZy-ambn icn-bmb P--k-abw Is≠-Øp-I. F∂n´v B P--ka-b-sØ {Klne KWn-®p-≠m-°p-I. (sk¬ t^mWn¬ hsc Akvt{SmfPn tkm^v‰vshb¿ e`yamb C°meØv Hcp {Kl netbm Xe°pdntbm Xømdm°m≥ nanj߃ am{Xw aXn). AXn-p-tijw {Kl-ß-fp-ambn _‘-s∏´ `mh-ßfpsSbpw `mhm-[n-]-∑m-sc∂ nebv°v {Kl-ß-fpsSbpw _ehpw -^eZm--ti-jnbpw Nn¥ns®Sp-°pI.- C{Xbpw sNbvXn´pthWw Cn ]d- bm≥t]mIp∂ PmXI-^e-{]-h-Nnb-a-߃sh®p PmX-I-^ew Nn¥n®pXpS-ßphm≥. (4) intcm-h-‡vtdm-tcm-lr-÷-T-c-I-SnhkvXn{]P-˛ ÿem-yqcq Pmtzm¿bp-K-f-anXn PwtL ]Z-bpKw hne-·m¬ Imemw-Km-y-fn-Q-j-Ip-fo-cm-¥n-a-anZw (1) `k-‘n¿hn-JymXm kI-e-`-h-m-¥m-]n ]tc. (1) ]mTt`Zw: AfnQjIpfocmfn Ncaw cminIfpw Ime-]p-cp-js‚ Ahbhßfpw cmin-N-{I-Øn¬ PmX-I-Øn¬ AwKw (cmin) (`mhw) inc ˛ inc v taSw 1 h{‡ ˛ apJw CShw 2 Dc ˛ s©v anYpw 3 lrZv ˛ lrZbw I¿°-SIw 4 PT-c ˛ hb¿ Nnßw 5 ISn ˛ Ac-s°´v I∂n 6 hkvXn ˛ s]m°nfnp Xmsgbp≈ `mKw, (aq{Xm-ibw) Xpemw 7 {]P---ÿ-em≥ ˛ P-t-{μnbw hr›nIw 8 Ducq ˛ XpS-Iƒ [p 9 Pmtzx bpKfw ˛ Im¬ap-´p-Iƒ aIcw 10 PwtL ˛ IW-¶m-ep-Iƒ Ipw`w 11 ]Z-bpKw ˛ ]mZ-߃ aow 12 hne-·m¬ ˛ Cßs e·w apX¬°v Imemw-Kmn ˛ Ime-]pcp-js‚ -AwK-߃ BIp-∂p. 3
  • 10. Q^^^^^^ 5 555 A≤ymbw 1. (kw⁄m≤ymbw) 5 5A 5 cmin-N{Iw ÿe-am-W;v -k-abhp-am-Wv. ÿew 360 Un{Kn-bp≈ hrØ-am-sW-¶n¬, kabw 60 mgnI AYhm 24 aWn-°q¿ ssZ¿Lyap≈ Znh-k-am-Wv. KWn-Xw-sIm≠vv Chsb ]c- kv]cw am‰n-sb-Sp-°mw. cmin-N-{IsØ Ime-]p-cp-j-mbn ImWp-∂-Xns‚ ASn-ÿmhpw C-Xm-Wv. Imemw-Kmn hcmw-K-am---aptcm lrXv t{ImU-hm-tkm f `rtXm hkvXn-¿hy-RvP--aq-cpPm-p-bp-Ktf PwtL XtXm f w-{Ln-Zzbw tajmizn{]Yam h¿£NcWm›{IÿnXm cmitbm, cmint£{XKrl¿£`mn `hw ssNIm¿∞k{ºXytb. ˛ (tlmcm-imkv{Xw 1-˛4) Ime-]p-cp-js‚ Ah-b-h-߃ 360 Un{Kn hrØ-amb cmin-N-{I-Ønƒ taSw apX¬°pw PmXIØn¬ e·w-ap-X¬°pw Nn¥n°Ww. tlmcm-imkv{XØnse t«mI-Øn¬ Imemw- Kmn.....-N-{I-ÿnXm cmibx F∂-Xp-sIm≠v Dt±-in-°p-∂Xv cmin-N-{I-cq-]-Øn-ep≈ ]pcp- j-s-bm-Wv. F∂m¬ ^e-Zo-]n-I-bn¬ hne-·m¬ F∂v FSpØp ]d-™n-´p-≈-Xp-sIm≠v PmX-I-Øn¬ e·w- ap-X¬°mWv CXp Nn¥n-t°-≠-sX∂p hy‡-am-°p-∂p. Ct∏mƒ km[m-cW sNbvXp-hcp-∂Xv IpP≥ PmX-I-Øn¬ Nnß-Øn-em-sW-¶n¬, Nnßw F{Xmw `mh-amtWm AhnsS Hcp AS-bmfw ]d-bpI F∂-XmWv. cmin-k‘nIƒ Afn-Q-j-Ip-fo-cm-¥n-a-anZw Afn ˛ tXƒ (hr›nIw), Qjw ˛ a’yw (aow), Ipfocw ˛ R≠v (I¿-°-SIw), A¥naw ˛ Ah-km--cmin (aow), CZw ˛ C{]-Imcw, `k‘nx ˛ cmin-k‘nIƒ hyJymXm ˛ F∂p {]kn≤w. kI-e-`-h-m-¥m-]n ]tc ˛ cmin-Iƒ tNcp-∂n-S-sØ√mw k‘n-bp- s≠∂pw Nne¿°v A`n-{]m-b-ap-≠v. cmin-k‘nIfpw £{Xk‘nIfpw ÿmw cmin-k-‘n- £-{X-k‘n 120w I¿°Sw ˛ Nnßw B-bneyw ˛ aIw 240w hr›nIw ˛ [p Xr-t°´ ˛ aq-ew 360w aow ˛ taSw tc-hXn ˛ Aiz-Xn N{μ≥ k‘n IS-°p-tºm-gmWv Kfim¥w. Kfim¥w aq∂p hn[-ap-≠v. cminK-fim-¥w, £-{X-K-fim-¥w, XnYn-K-fim-¥w.
  • 11. ic1 ^eZo]nI 6 6A pp tlmcmimkv{Xw: 1˛7 iin`hmfnQjm¥ar£k‘n.... ^e-Zo-]n-I-bnse ASpØ t«mI-Øn-tebv°p IS-°p-∂-Xn-p-apºv tlmcm-im- kv{XØn¬n∂pXs∂ cmin-kz-cq]w hnhcn°p∂ Hcp t«mIw D≤-cn-°mw. a’yu LSo ran-Ypw kKZw khoWw Nm]o tcm-iz-P-Ltm aItcm arKmkyx Xueox kkkyZlm πhKm N Iym tijmx kzm-a-k-Zr-im -kz-N-cm› k¿th. (tlmcm-imkv{Xw 1-˛5) cmin-kz-cq]w 1. a’yu ˛ c≠p a’y-߃ (ao-w) 2 LSo ˛ IpSw ]nSn-®-h≥ (Ipw-`w) 3 ran-Ypw kKZw khoWw ˛ KZ-tb-¥nb ]pcp-jpw, hoW ]nSn® kv{Xobpw (anYpw) 4 Nm]o tcm-iz-P-Ltm- ˛ Nm]n cx Aiz PLx ˛ Acbv°p apI-fn¬, Iøn¬ hnt√m-Sp-Iq-Snb ]pcp-j≥, Acbv°p Xmsg IpXn-c ([-p) 5 aItcm arKmky ˛ amns‚ apJap≈ aI-c-a’yw As√¶n¬ amns ]IpXn hngpßnb apXe (a-I-cw) 6 Xueo ˛ Xpem p ]nSn® ]pcp-j≥(Xp-emw) 7 kkkyZlm πhKm N Iym ˛ Hcp Iøn¬ kkyhpw at‰ Iøn¬ ]¥hpw ]nSn®v tXmWn-bn¬ Ccn-°p∂ Iy-I (I-∂n) tijmx kzmakZrim ˛ tijn-®h Xß-fpsS t]cn--p-k-cn-®p-≈h 8. taSw ˛ BSv 9. CShw ˛ Imf 10. I¿°SIw ˛ R≠v 11. Nnßw ˛ knwlw 12. hr›nIw ˛ tXfv kzN-cm› k¿th ˛ F√mw Xm¥m-ß-fpsS ÿe-ß-fn¬ k©-cn-°p-∂h. kzN-cm› k¿th F∂-Xns‚ hni-Zo-I-c-W-amWv ^e-Zo-]n-I-bnse ASpØ t«mIw.
  • 12. Q^^^^^^ 7 777 A≤ymbw 1. (kw⁄m≤ymbw) 7 7A 7 (5) ActWy tIZmtc ib--`-ht iz{`k-ente Kncu ]mYx- kkym-zn-X-`phn hnimw[mavn kpjntc Pm-[o-i-ÿmt kPehn]nt [mavn hnN-c¬ Ipemte Ioemte hk-Xn-cpZnXm taj-`-h-mXv. ActWy ˛ Im´n¬, tIZmtc ˛ hb-en¬, ib--`-ht ˛ InS-∏p-ap-dnbn¬, ip{`kente ˛ ip≤-P-e-Øn¬, Kncu ˛ ae-I-fn¬, ]mYx kkym-zn-X-`phn ˛ Pehpw kky-ß-fp-ap≈ ÿew, hnimw-[mavn ˛ I®-h-S-ÿ-e-߃, kpjntc ˛ s]mØp-I-fn¬, Pm-[o-i-ÿmt ˛ sIm´m-c-ß-fn¬, kP-e-hn-]nt ˛ Pe-ap≈ Im´n¬, [mavn hnN-cXv Ipemte ˛ a¨]m-{X߃-- D≠m°p-∂ ÿe-w Ioemte ˛ Pe-Øn¬, hkXnx DZnXm ˛ hmk-ÿmw ]d-b-∏-Sp-∂p, taj-`-h-mXv ˛ taSw cmin-ap-X¬. cmin-ÿm-߃ cmin kzcq]w ÿmw 1. ta-Sw BSv ImSv 2. C-S-hw Imf hb-¬ 3. an-Yp-w bph-an-Yp--߃ InS-∏p-ap-dn 4. I¿°-S-Iw R≠v ip≤Pew 5. Nn-ßw knwlw ae{ºtZiw 6. I-∂n IyI Pehpw kky-ß-fp-ap≈ ÿew 7. Xp-emw Xpem v I®-h-S-ÿ-e-߃ 8. hr-›n-Iw R≠v s]mØv 9. [-p cmPKpcp cmPkZ v 10. a-I-cw aI-c-a’yw Pemibßfp≈ ImSv 11. Ipw-`w IpSw a¨]m-{X߃-- D≠m°p-∂ÿe-w 12. ao-w c≠p a’y-߃ Pew
  • 13. ic1 ^eZo]nI 8 8A pp XX (6) `uax ip-{I-_p-t[μp kqcyiin-Pmx ip-{Im-c- Po-hm¿°Pmx atμm tZh-Kpcpx {ItaW IYnXm tajmZn cmio-izcmx kqcym-Zp-®-Krlmx {Intbm hrjar-K-kv{Xo -I¿°n -ao-m-kvXpemx Zn{‡yw-ssi¿a-p-bpIv XnYojp`-Jmw-ssikvtX f kvX oNmx {IamXv. {Kl-ß-fpsS cmiym-[n-]Xyw `uax ip-{I....tajmZn cmio-izcmx ˛ taSw XpS-ßnb cmin-IfpsS m-Y-∑m¿ {ItaW IYnXm ˛ {Ia-Øn¬ ]d-b-s∏-Sp∂p.... cmin cmiym[n]≥ 1. taSw `ua ˛ Ip-P≥ ˛ Ip 2. CShw ip{I ˛ ip{I≥ ˛ ip 3. anYpw _p[ ˛ _p[≥ ˛ _p 4. I¿°-Sw Cμp ˛ N-{μ≥ ˛ N 5. Nnßw kqcy ˛ chn ˛ c 6. I∂n iinPm ˛ _p-[≥ ˛ _p 7. Xpemw ip{I ˛ ip{I≥ ˛ ip 8. hr›nIw Bc ˛ Ip-P≥ ˛ Ip 9. [p Poh ˛ hymgw ˛ Kp 10. aIcw A¿°P ˛ i-n ˛ a 11. Ipw`w aμ ˛ i-n ˛ a 12. aow tZh-Kpcp ˛ hymgw ˛ Kp £nXn-P-kn-X-⁄-N-{μ-c-hn-ku-ay-kn-Xm-h-nPmx kqc-Kp-cp-ku-cn-a-μ-Kp-cp-h› Krlmw-i-I]mx (tlmcm-imkv{Xw 1˛6) cminN{Ihpw {KlßfpsS cmiym[n]Xyhpw aow taSw CShw anYpw Kp Ip ip _p Ipw`w I¿°SIw a N aIcw Nnßw a c [p hr›nIw Xpemw I∂n Kp Ip ip _p
  • 14. Q^^^^^^ 9 999 A≤ymbw 1. (kw⁄m≤ymbw) 9 9A 9 kuc-bqYhpw {Kl-ß-fpsS cmiym-[n-]Xyhpw kuc-bq-Y-Øn¬ {Kl-ß-fpsS ÿmw _p[≥, ip{I≥, -`qan, IpP≥,- Kpcp, in F∂ {Ia-Øn-em-Wt√m. Cu {Ia-Øn¬ Øs∂-bmWv {Kl-ß-fpsS cmiym-[n-]-Xyhpw hcp-∂Xv. apI-fn se 6 FÆw N{μ-m[ohpw XmgsØ 6 FÆw kqcy-m[ohp-am-Wv. kqcyp]Icw `qanbmWv Cu cminN{IØns‚ tI{μw F∂Xp am{XamWv Hcp hyXymkw. {Kl-ß-fpsS D®-cm-in-Ifpw AXyp®ÿmßfpw kqcym-Zp-®-Krlmx {Intbm hrjar-K-kv{Xo -I¿°n -ao-m-kvXpemx Zn{‡yw-ssi¿a-p-bpIv XnYojp`-Jmw-ssikvtX f kvX oNmx {IamXv. kqcymXv ˛ kqcy≥apX¬°,v D®-Krlm ˛ D®cmin-Iƒ, {Klw cmin chn {Inb ˛ ta-Sw, N{μ≥ hrj ˛ C-Shw, IpP≥ arK ˛ a-I-cw, _p[≥ kv{Xo ˛ I-∂n, Kpcp I¿°n ˛ I¿°-S-Iw, ip{I≥ ao ˛ aow, in Xpemw ˛ Xpemw, D®w `qXkwJybn¬ ZnIv ˛ ]Øp Zn°pIƒ ˛ 10 {Xywssix ˛ 3 `mK ap-bpIv ˛ ap°ƒ 14, 14 $ 2 = 28 XnYn ˛ XnYnIƒ 15. Cjp ˛ icw ˛ ]©ic߃ ˛ 5 `w ˛ 27 £{X߃ ˛ 27 J ˛ J߃ 10+ 10 = 20 AkvX ˛ (Chbp-sS) Ggmwcmin, oN ˛ oN-ÿmw, {IamXv ˛ {Ia-Øn¬.
  • 15. ic1 ^eZo]nI 10 10A pp ]´nI {Klw D®w AXp®w oNw AXnoNw chn taSw 10T Xpemw 10T N{μ≥ CShw 3T hr›nIw 3T IpP≥ aIcw 28T I¿°Sw 28T _p[≥ I∂n 15T aow 15T Kpcp I¿°Sw 5T aIcw 5T ip{I≥ aow 27T I∂n 27T in Xpemw 20T taSw 20T kq-cyv taS-Øn¬ D®w. taS-w 10 Un{Kn-bn¬ AXyp®w. Cu coXnXs∂ a‰p-≈- h¿°pw. D®-Øn¬n∂pw Ggmwcmin oNw. AXyp®Øn¬n∂pw 180T Un{Knbn¬ AXnoNw. AP-hr-j-`-ar-Kmw-K-m-Ip-focm Qj-h-WnPu N Znhm-I-cmZn XpwKmx (tlmcm-im-kv{Xw : 1-˛13) (7) knwtlm-£m-Ph[qlbmwKhWnPx Ipw`-kv{Xn-tIm-Wmx -c-thx - t⁄tμmkvXq-®-e-hm∂tJmUzn--i-sscx -ZnKv`q-X-Ir-Xyw-issIx Nm]m-Zy¿[h-[qr-bp-Kv L-S-Xpem a¿Xym› IoSm f fn`w Xzm]ymx I¿°narKm-]-cm¿≤i^-cmx tijm-›-Xp-jv]m-Z-Imx. {Klß-fpsS aqe-{Xn-tIm-W-cm-in-Iƒ {XntImtW ˛ aqe-{Xn-tIm-W-߃, cth-x ˛ kqcy≥ apX¬°v, aqe-{Xn-tIm-Wcmin aqe-{Xn-tIm-W`mK {Klw ]cn[n knwl ˛ Nnßw, tJm ˛ Jw ˛ 20T c 1˛20 D£ ˛ CShw, DUp ˛ £{X߃ ˛ 27T N 4˛30 AP ˛ ta-Sw, C ˛ kqcy∑m¿ ˛ 12T Ip 1˛12 h[p ˛ I-∂n, ic ˛ ic߃ ˛ 5T _p 16˛20 lbmwK˛ [-p, ZnIv ˛ Zn°pIƒ ˛ 10T Kp 1˛10 hWnP ˛ Xp-emw, `qX ˛ ]©`qX߃ ˛ 5T ip 1˛5 Ipw` ˛ Ipw`w, IrXn ˛ 20T a 1˛20
  • 16. Q^^^^^^ 11 111111 A≤ymbw 1. (kw⁄m≤ymbw) 11 11A 11 knwtlm hrjx {]Y-a-j-jvT-l-bmw-K-Xu-eo Ipw`m-x {Xn-tIm-W-`-h-mn `h¥n kqcym-Xv. (tlmcm-im-kv{Xw: 1-˛14) c-cm-in-Iƒ, IoS-cm-inIƒ, Pe-cm-in-Iƒ, NXp-jv]m-ZcminIƒ (c≠p Imep-≈h, mep Imep-≈h, Pe-Øn¬ Ign-bp-∂-h....) ...Nm]m-Zy¿[h-[qr-bp-Kv L-S-Xpem a¿Xym› IoSm f fn`w Xzm]ymx I¿°narKm-]-cm¿≤i^-cmx tijm-›-Xp-jv]m-Z-Imx. Nm]mZy¿≤ ˛ [p BZysØ ]IpXn (Acbv°p apIfn¬), h[p ˛ I∂n, rbpKv ˛ anYpw, LS ˛ Ipw`w, Xpem ˛ Xpemw, a¿Xym ˛ (Ch) a-p-jy cm-in-Iƒ, IoS Afn`w ˛ hr›nIw IoS-cmin (Nne-hymJym ßfn¬ aohpw ImWp∂p), Xzm]ym ˛ A∏v cmin-Iƒ (Pe-/Pem{ibcm-in-Iƒ), I¿°n ˛ I¿°-SIw, arKA]-cm¿≤ ˛ aIcw at‰ ]IpXn (A-cbv°p Xmsg), i^cm ˛ aow, tijm ˛ _m°n-bp-≈h, NXp-jv]m-ZIm ˛ mep Imep-≈h. 1. taSw ˛ m¬--°men 2. CShw ˛ m¬--°men 3. anYpw ˛ apjycmin 4. I¿°SIw ˛ Pe-cm-in- 5. Nnßw ˛ m¬--°men 6. I∂n ˛ apjycmin 7. Xpemw ˛ apjycmin 8. hr›nIw ˛ IoScmin 9. [p ˛ 1. BZysØ ]IpXn apjycmin 2. c≠masØ ]IpXn m¬--°men 10. aIcw ˛ 1. BZysØ ]IpXn m¬--°men 2. c≠masØ ]IpXn Pecmin 11. Ipw`w ˛ apjycmin 12. aow ˛ Pecmin.
  • 17. ic1 ^eZo]nI 12 12A pp (8) tKmI¿°yiz-P- -{I-`m-yY rbp-Mv ao-u- ]tc cmib˛ kvtX ]rjvtTm-`-b-tIm-Zbmx kanYpmx ]rjvtTmZ-bmss›μhmx kucm-x tij-Krlmx {ItaW IYnXm cm{XnZypkw⁄mx {Iam˛ Zq¿≤zm-[ -a-h-{I (1) `mn Xp ]p˛ kvXo-£vWmwip ap‡m¬ Krlm¬. (1) ]mTt`Zw : h{‡ ]rjvtTm-Z-b ˛ D`-tbm-Z-b ˛ io¿tjm-Zbcmin-Iƒ 1. tKm ˛ CShw, I¿°n ˛ I¿°-SIw, Aiz ˛ [p, AP ˛ taSw, {I`mn ˛ aIcw F∂n-h A©pw, 2. rbpMv ˛ anYpw, aou ˛ aow F∂n-h c≠pw {Ia-Øn¬, ]rjvT ˛ ]rjvTwsIm≠v DZn-°p-∂-hbpw, D`-b-tIm-Zb ˛ c≠p `mKw-sIm≠pw DZn-°p-∂-hbpw, BIp∂p. 3. tijn-®h (Nnßw, -I-∂n, Xpemw, hr›n-Iw, Ipw`w Ch A©pw) ˛˛ io¿tjm-ZbcminIfpw BIp-∂p. cm{Xn-cm-in-Iƒ, ]I¬ cmin-Iƒ 1. kan-Ypm ˛ anYp-hpw, ]rjvtTm-Z-bx N ˛ ]rjvtTm-Z-b-cm-in-Ifpw, Cμhm ˛ -N{μ-s‚ Iogn-ep-≈-hbmIp-∂p. kucm tij -Krlm ˛ tijn-®h kqcys‚ Iogn-ep-≈-hbpw, ItaW ˛ {I-a-Øn¬ IYnXm -˛ ]d-b-∏s∏Sp∂p. 2. cm{Xn ˛ cm{Xn cmin-Iƒ F∂pw, Zyp ˛ ]I¬ cmin-Iƒ F∂pw, kw⁄m ˛ t]cp-Iƒ, IamXv ˛ {Ia-Øn¬ ]dbs∏Sp∂p .
  • 18. Q^^^^^^ 13 131313 A≤ymbw 1. (kw⁄m≤ymbw) 13 13A 13 cm{Xn-cm-in-Iƒ cm{Xn _e-ap-≈-hbpw, ]I¬ cmin-Iƒ ]I¬ _eap-≈-hbpw BIp-∂p. ]´nI 1. taSw ˛ ]rjvtTmZbw N{μm[ow cm{Xncmin 2. CShw ˛ ]rjvtTmZbw N{μm[ow cm{Xncmin 3. anYpw ˛ D`tbmZbw N{μm[ow cm{Xncmin 4. I¿°SIw ˛ ]rjvtTmZbw N{μm[ow cm{Xncmin 5. Nnßw ˛ io¿tjmZbw kqcym[ow ]I¬cmin 6. I∂n ˛ io¿tjmZbw kqcym[ow ]I¬cmin 7. Xpemw ˛ io¿tjmZbw kqcym[ow ]I¬cmin 8. hr›nIw ˛ io¿tjmZbw kqcym[ow ]I¬cmin 9. [p ˛ ]rjvtTmZbw N{μm[ow cm{Xncmin 10 .aIcw ˛ ]rjvtTmZbw N{μm[ow cm{Xncmin 11. Ipw`w ˛ io¿tjmZbw kqcym[ow ]I¬cmin 12 .aow ˛ D`tbmZbw kqcym[ow ]I¬cmin tlmcm-im-kv{X-w: 1-˛10 tKmPm-izn-I¿°n-an-Ypmx karKm nimJymx ]rjvtTm-Zbm hnan-Ypmx IYn-XmkvX Gh io¿tjm-Zbm Zn-_em› `h¥n tijmx...... Du¿≤-˛-A-[-˛-k-a-cmin-Iƒ ...Du¿≤zm-[k-a-h-{I`mn Xp ]pkvXo-£vWmwip ap‡m¬ Krlm¬.˛ Du¿≤z ˛ Du¿≤zcminIƒ, A[ ˛ A[-a-cminIƒ, k-a ˛ ka-cminIƒ, h{I `mn Xp ]px ˛ h{I-cminIƒ F∂n-ßs, Xo£vWmwip ap‡m¬ Krlm¬ ˛ kqcy≥ hn´ cmin-ap-X¬°v {Ia-Øn¬ IW-°m-°-s∏-Sp-∂p. DZmlcWw kqcy≥ CShØn¬: kqcy≥ apºp n∂ cmin ˛ taSw ˛ Du¿≤z Ct∏mƒ (PØn¬ --) n¬°p∂ cmin ˛ CShw ˛ A[ AXnSpØ cmin ˛ anYpw ˛ ka ]n∂sØ cmin ˛ I¿°SIw ˛ h{I
  • 19. ic1 ^eZo]nI 14 14A pp kq-cy≥ ]n∂n´ cmin-ap-X¬ ]{¥≠p cmin-I-sfbpw Cßs IW-°m-°Ww F∂mWv Cu X¿÷abv°Snÿmamb, tZhmKcn en]nbnep≈, ]Xn∏pIfn¬ ImWp∂Xv. F∂m¬ sIm√w ]Xn∏n¬ Du¿≤zm[ a h{‡`mn Xp ]p kvXo £vWmwipap‡m¬ {Klm¬ F∂p aqehpw kqcy≥ hn´ cmin apX¬ mep cmin Du¿≤zapJ cminbpw AXnSpØ mep cminIƒ XncyMvapJcminbpamWv F∂ A¿∞hpw sImSp Øncn°p∂p. A[w, kaw, h{‡w F∂nhsb °pdn®vv H∂pw ]dbp∂n√. kqcy≥ hn´ cminapX¬ {IaØn¬ Du¿≤z apJw, At[mapJw, XncyMvapJw F∂nßsbpw ]d™p hcp∂p F∂mWv sNdph≈nbpsS hymJymw. aplq¿Ø˛{]iv{KŸßfn¬ cminIsf Du¿≤zapJcmin, At[mapJcmin, XncyMvapJcmin F∂p aq∂mbn Xcw Xncn°p∂p≠v. AXn¬ kqcy≥ ]n∂n´ cmin Du¿≤zapJhpw Ct∏mƒ n¬°p∂ cmin At[mapJhpw AXnSpØ cmin XncyMvapJhpamWv. h{Iw/h{‡w Fs∂m∂v AXnen√. Hmebn¬ tZhmKcnen]nbn¬ ]I¿Øn FgpXptºmƒ h{‡w h{IambXmsW∂pw hcmw. AsX¥mbmepw, Zn√n ]Xn∏pIfn¬ AXp h{IwXs∂bmWv. (9) tajm-Zml Ncw ÿncm-Jy-ap-`bw Zzmcw _ln¿K¿``w [mXp¿aq-e-an-Xol Poh-ap-ZnXw {Iqcw N kuayw hnZpx tajmZymx IYn-Xm-kv{Xn-tIm-Wk-lnXmx {]mKmZnmYmx {Iam˛ tZmP¿£w ka`w ]pamw› bph-Xn¿hmamMvKakvXm-Zn-Iw. Nc-˛ÿn-c˛-D-`-b-cm-in-Iƒ XpSßnbh Ncw ÿncw D`bw Zzmcw _ln K¿`w [mXp aqew Poh≥ taSw CShw anYpw I¿°-SIw Nnßw I∂n Xpemw hr›nIw [p aIcw Ipw`w aow
  • 20. Q^^^^^^ 15 151515 A≤ymbw 1. (kw⁄m≤ymbw) 15 15A 15 ]pcp-j-cminIƒ, kv{Xo-cm-in-Iƒ XpSßnbh (....HmP¿£w ka`w ]pamw› bph-Xn¿hmamwKakvXm-Zn-Iw.) {Iqcw kuayw HmPw bp‹w ]pcp-j≥ kv{Xo taSw CShw anYpw I¿°-SIw Nnßw I∂n Xpemw hr›nIw [p aIcw Ipw`w aow tlmcm-im-kv{Xw: -1-˛11 {Iqc-x kuayx ]pcp-j-h-ntX tX Ncm-K-Zzn-tZlmx cminIƒ°v Zn°p-I-fpsS B[n]Xyw tajmZym ˛ taSw apX¬°v, {XntIm-W klnXm- ˛ {XntIm-W-߃ (5,9) AS°w, {]mKm-Zn-mYm ˛ Ing°p XpS-ßnb Zn°pI-fpsS (BIp∂p). mY-∑m¿ Ing°v sX°v ]Sn-™mdv hS°v taSw CShw anYpw I¿°-SIw Nnßw I∂n Xpemw hr›nIw [p aIcw Ipw`w aow tlmcm-im-kv{Xw: 1-˛11 {]mKm-Zoimx {Inb-hr-j-r-bp-°¿°Smx k{XntImWmx hmamw-K- Z£n-Wmw-K-cm-in-Iƒ hmamw-K-cm-in-Iƒ Z£n-Wmw-K-cm-in-Iƒ (CSXv) (heXv) (1) cminN{IØn¬ Xpemw ap-X¬ aow hsc taSw apX¬ I∂n hsc (2) PmXIØn¬ 7˛12 `mh߃ 1 ˛ 6 `mh߃
  • 21. ic1 ^eZo]nI 16 16A pp 2. `mh-ß-fpsS t]cp-Ifpw Imc-I-Xz-ßfpw (10) e·w tlmcm Iey tZtlm-Z-bmJyw cq]w io¿jw h¿Ø-amw N P∑ hnØw hnZym kzm∂-]m-mn `p‡nw Zm£m£ymkyw ]{XnIm hmIv IpSpw_w. H∂mw `mhw 1. e·w 2. tlmcm 3. Ieyw ˛ kpJw, BtcmKyw 4. tZlw 5. DZ-bw ˛ DZbcmin 6. cq]w 7. io¿jw ˛inc v 8. h¿Øamw˛˛ h¿ØamImew 9. P∑-w. c≠mw `mhw 1. hnØw 2. hnZy 3. kz ˛ kzØv 4. A∂-]m-w 5. `p‡n 6. Z£A£n ˛ heXpIÆv 7. Bkyw ˛ apJw 8. ]{Xn-I 9. hmIv 10. IpSpw_w (11) Zp›n¬tImtcm Z£-I¿Æmw› tkmw ss[cyw iucyw hn{Iaw {`mXcw N tKlw t£{Xw amXpew `mKn-tbw _‘pw an{Xw hmlw amXcw N.
  • 22. Q^^^^^^ 17 171717 A≤ymbw 1. (kw⁄m≤ymbw) 17 17A 17 aq∂mw `mhw 1. Zp›n¬--Iw 2. Dcx ˛ Dc v (amdnSw) 3. Z£I¿Æ ˛ heXp sN-hn 4. tk -˛ sskyw 5. ss[cyw 6. iucyw 7. hn{I-aw 8. {`mXcw ˛ ktlm-Z-c≥ . memw `mhw 1. tKlw ˛ hoSv 2. t£{Xw ˛ `qan 3. amXpew ˛ AΩm-h≥ 4. `mKn-tbw ˛ acp-a-I≥ 5. _‘p 6. an{Xw 7. hmlw 8. amXcw ˛ amXmhv (12) cmPyw tKm alnj kpK‘ hkv{X `qjmx ]mXmfw ln_pI kpJmw_p tkXp Zyx cmPm¶w kNn-h-I-cm-fl[o `hn-jyXv˛ ⁄mm-kq≥ kpX-P-Tc {ipXnkvarXn›. memw `mhw (Xp-S¿®) 9. cmPyw 10. tKm ˛ ]ip 11. alnjw ˛ Fcp-a 12. kpK‘w 13. hkv{Xw 14. `qjmx ˛ B`-c-W-߃ 15. ]mXmfw 16. ln_pIw 17. kpJw 18. Aw_p ˛ Pew 17. tkXp ˛ AW-s°-´v 19. Zyx ˛ ZnIƒ
  • 23. ic1 ^eZo]nI 18 18A pp A©mw `mhw 1. cmPm¶w - ˛ cmPNn-”w 2. kNn-h-I-¿ ˛ a{¥nam¿ 3. Bfl ˛ Bflmhv 4. [o - ˛ _p≤n 5. `hn-jyXv ˛ `mhn 6. ⁄mw, (`hn-jy⁄mw --F∂pw ImWp∂p). - 7. kpX ˛ a°ƒ -8. P-Tcw ˛ DZcw 9. {ipXn ˛ {ippXnIƒ (thZ-߃). 10. kvarXn ˛ kvarXnIƒ (apkvarXn apXembh). (13) EWmkv{X-tNm-c-£-X-tcm-K-i-{Xq≥ ⁄mXymPn ZpjvIr-Xy-L-`oXy-h⁄mx Pman{X NntØm∞ aZm-kvX-Im-am≥ Zypm-≤z-tem-Im≥ ]Xn-am¿§-`mcym. Bdmw `mhw 1. EWw ˛ IS-w 2. Akv{Xw ˛ Bbp-[w - 3. tNm-c ˛ I≈≥ 4. £-Xw ˛ apdn-hv 5. tcm-Kw - 6. i-{Xp 7. ⁄mXn ˛ _‘p°ƒ 8. APn ˛ bp≤w 9. ZpjvIr-Xn ˛ ZpjvI¿Ω-߃ 10. A-Lw -˛ ]m]w 11. `oXn ˛ `bw 12. Ah⁄m ˛ Ah-⁄ Ggmw `mhw 1. Pman{Xw 2. NntØm∞w ˛ hnIm-cw 3. aZ ˛ aZw 4. A-kvX ˛- AkvX-a-w
  • 24. Q^^^^^^ 19 191919 A≤ymbw 1. (kw⁄m≤ymbw) 19 19A 19 20 5 Imaw 6. Zypw 7. A≤z- ˛ SØw 8. tem-Im ˛ Pw 9. ]Xn ˛ -`¿Øm-hv 10. am¿§w ˛ hgn 11. `mcy (14) awKeyc{‘aen-m[n]cm-`-hmbpx t¢im-]-hm-Z-a-c-Wm-ipNnhnLv-Zmkm≥ BNmcyssZhX]nXr≥ ip`]q¿h`mKy ]qPm X-]- p-IrX]u{X P]mcyhwim≥. F´mw `mhw 1. awKeyw ˛ Xmen, `¿Øm-hns‚ Bbp v 2. c{‘ ˛ Zu¿_-eyw 3. aen ˛ Agp°v 4. B[n ˛ ZpxJw 5. ]cm-`hw ˛ A-ham-w 6. Bbpx ˛ Bbp- v 7. t¢i ˛ A]hmZ, 8. ac-W 9. AipNn ˛ ]pe 10. hnLv ˛ XS- -߃ 11. Zmk ˛ th-e-°m-c≥ HºXmw `mhw 1. BNmcy - ˛ Kp-cp 2. ssZhX -˛ tZ-h-X 3. ]nXr ˛ A—≥ 4. ip`w 5. ]q¿h`mKy ˛ ap-÷-∑-kp-Ir-Xw 6. ]qP 7. X]- v, 8. kpIr-Xw 9. ]u{X≥ 10. P]w 11. Bcyhwiw ˛ D-XvIr-jvS- IpeØn¬ Pw
  • 25. ic1 ^eZo]nI 20 20A pp (15) hym]m-cm-kv]-Z-am-I¿aPbkXvIo¿Ønw {IXpw Pohw thymam-Nmc KpW-{]-hrØn Ka-m-ym-⁄mw› tajq-cWw em`m-bm-K-a-m]vXnkn≤n hn`-hm≥ {]m]vXnw `hw «mLyXmw tPyjvT-{`m-X-c-a-y-I¿Ækc-km≥ kt¥m-j-am-I¿Æ-w. ]Ømw `mhw 1. hym]m-cw ˛ I®hSw 2. Bkv]Zw ˛ ASnÿm-w 3. amw ˛ A`n-am-w 4. I¿aw ˛ {]h¿Øn, sXmgn¬ 5. Pbw ˛ hnPbw 6. kXvIo¿Øn ˛ k¬t]-cv 7. {IXp ˛ bmKmZn I¿a-߃ 8. Pohw ˛ Po-hn-X-am¿§w 9. thymaw ˛ BImiw 10 BNm-cw 11. KpW{]hrØn ˛ kXvI¿Ω߃ 12. Ka ˛ t]m°v (S-Øw) 13. B⁄m ˛ B-⁄m-i-‡n 14.tajqcWw. ]Xnsm∂mw `mhw 1. em`w ˛ em`w 2. B-bw ˛ h-c-hv 3. BK-a-w ˛ hchv 4. B]vXn ˛ e-_v[n 5. kn≤n ˛ In´¬ --6. hn`-hw (kn≤nhn`-hm≥ F∂pw) 7. {]m]vXn 8. `hw 9. «mLyX ˛ Io¿Øn 10. tPyjvT-{`m-X-cw˛ tPyjvT-k-tlm-Z-c≥ 11. Ay-I¿Æw ˛ CSXp sNhn 12. kc-kw ˛ kmc-kyw 13. kt¥mjw 14. BI¿Æ-w ˛ tIƒ°¬.
  • 26. Q^^^^^^ 21 212121 A≤ymbw 1. (kw⁄m≤ymbw) 21 21A 21 (16) ZpxJmw{Ln hma--b£bkqN-Im-¥y˛ Zmcn{Zy]m]ibhybcnx^ _‘m≥ `mhm-lzbm nK-ZnXmx {Ia-tim f Y eo˛ ÿmw {Xn jUv hyb ]cm-`h cmin-m-a. ]{¥≠mw `mhw 1. ZpxJw ˛ ZpJw 2. Aw{Ln ˛ Imep-Iƒ 3. hma--bw ˛ CSXp IÆv 4. £bw ˛ miw 5. kqNIw ˛ kqNI≥ 6. A¥yw ˛ Ahkmw, Ah-km`mhw 7. Zmcn{Zyw 8. ]m]w 9. ibw 10. hybw 11. cn^w, 12. _‘w. eo-ÿm--߃ {Xn ˛ aq∂v, jUv ˛ Bdv, hyb ˛ ]{¥≠v, ]cm`h ˛ F´v (17) Zpxÿm--a-jvS-a-cn]phyb`mh-amlpx kpÿmay`hw ip`Zw {]ZnjvSw {]mlp¿hn-e·Zik]vXNXp¿∞-`mn tI{μm ln I≠INXp-jvSbma-bp‡w. Zpÿm--߃ AjvSaw ˛ F´mw `mhw, cn]p ˛ Bdmw `mhw, hybw ˛ ]{¥≠mw `mhw.
  • 27. ic1 ^eZo]nI 22 22A pp kpÿm߃ kpÿm--w Ay-`-hw ˛ a‰p `mh߃ (6˛8˛12 Hgn®p≈h) kpÿmßfmWv. ip-`Zw {]ZnjvSw ˛ Ahsb√mw ip`IchpamWv CXv kmμ¿`nIamb Hcp {]kvXmh am{XamWv. 3˛6˛11, 2˛7 F∂nh bpw ip`Ica√. IrXyambn ]dbpIbmsW¶n¬ 1˛5˛9 `mh߃, AXmbXv {XntImW߃, am{XamWv XnI®pw ip`Icambn´p≈h. ChbpsS ip`Xzhpw Bt]£nIamWv. `mh_eaps≠¶nte kpÿm ߃IqSn ip`ZamIq. tI{μ-߃ hne· ˛ e·w (H∂mw `mhw), Zi ˛ ]Ømw `mhw, k]vX ˛ Ggmw `mhw, NXp¿∞ ˛ memw `mhw F∂nh, tI{μmx ˛ tI{μ`mhßfmWv. I≠INXp-jvSbma-bp‡w ˛ I≠Iw, NXpjvSbw F∂nh tI{μØns‚ ]cymbßfmWv. (18) ]W-]-c-anXn tI{μm-Zq¿≤z-am-t]m-¢naw XXv ]c-aY NXp-c{iw ss[w _‘p-`w N AY kap-]-N-bmn thyma-iu-cymcnem`w hakpX`bp‹w kym{ØntImWw {]ikvXw. ]W-]-c-w apXembh ]W-]-c-w CXn tI{μm-Xv Du¿≤zw ˛ tI{μ߃°v sXm´p≈h ]W]cßfmWv. Bt]m-¢naw XXv ]cw- ˛ AXnpsXm´p≈h Bt]m-¢naßfpw. NXp-c{iw ss[w _‘p-`w N ˛ F´pw mepw NXpc{ißfmWv. kap-]-N-bmn thyma-iu-cymcn em`w ˛10˛3˛6˛11 F∂nh D]Nbßfpw, ha kpX` bp‹w kymXv {Xn-tImWw {]ikvXw ˛ HºXv, A©v F∂nh c≠pw (ip`Icsa∂p) {]kn≤amb {XntImWßfpamWv. 16102013
  • 28. Q^^^^^^ 23 232323 A≤ymbw 1. (kw⁄m≤ymbw) 23 23A 23 tI{μ-w 1 4 7 10 ]W-]cw 2 5 8 11 Bt]m-¢naw 3 6 9 12 NXp-c{iw 8 4 . . D]-Nbw 10 3 6 11 {XntImWw 9 5 . . eoÿm߃ yq (tZmj) kz`mhap≈hbpw D]Nbÿm߃ A`nhr≤n ¬Ip∂hbpw {XntImW߃ ip`Ichpw BIp∂p. tI{μ߃ s]mXpsh _eZmbIßfmsW¶nepw B[n]Xyhpw ÿnXnbpw Apcn®v ip`{Klßsfbpw ]m]{Klßsfbpw hyXykvXambn _m[n°p∂p. iQiQMP
  • 29. ^eZo]nI 24 A≤ymbw 2 {Klt`Zm≤ymbw hnjbhnhcw t«mIw 1˛7 {KlßfpsS ImcIXz߃ 8˛14 {KlßfpsS cq]hpw kz`mhhpw 15˛16 hmkÿmw, Zn°pIfpsS B[n]Xyw 17˛20 a‰p Imc-I-Xz-߃ (sXmgn¬,]£n, arKw apX-em-bh) 21, 22. i{Xp-an-{XXzw: ssk¿§nIw, 23 i{Xp-an-{XXzw: Xm¬°menIw, ssk¿§nIw + Xm¬°menIw. {Kl-ZrjvSn (ho-£Ww) 24. Imew, h¿Æw, KpWw, EXp 25. _‘p, t{XImcIXzw 26. tZlw˛tZln, K‘˛ck˛cq]˛i_vZ˛kv]¿iImcIXzw 27. ip`∑-mcpw ]m]∑-mcpw ]p-cpj{Kl-ßfpw kv{Xo{Klßfpw {Kl-ß-fpsS tZhXIƒ, ]©`qXw 28. [myw, tZiw 29. cXvw 30. temlw, hkv{Xw 31 ck-w 32. ASbmfw, {]mbw 33. cmlpkzcq]w 34. tIXp-kz-cq]w 35. cmlptIXp°fpsS ]m{Xw, hkv{Xw, an{Xßfpw i{Xp°fpw 36 ÿnXnsIm≠ v ApIqehpw {]XnIqehpamb {Kl߃ 37 hr£mZn ImcIXzw Ime-]p-cp-jpw {Kl-ßfpw XΩnep≈ _‘w cmin-N-{IsØ Ime-]p-cp-js‚ ico-c-ambn tlmcm-im-kv{X-Øn¬ D]-an-®Xv, PmX-I-]p- cp-js‚ ico-c-`m-K-ß-fmbn ^e-Zo-]n-I-bn¬ Ign™ A≤ym-b-Øn¬ hnh-cn°pIbp≠mbn. F∂m¬, tlmcm-imkv{X-Øn¬ B Ime-i-co-c-Øn¬ kqcy≥ apX¬°p≈ Ggp {Kl-ß- fpsS kzm[o--w hnh-cn-°p-∂ t«mI-Ønp kam-¥-c-ambn, PmX-I-]p-cp-js‚ Bflmhv, a v XpS-ßnb Imcy-߃ ]d-bp∂ Hcp t«mIw ^e-Zo-]n-I-bn-en√ AXn-p-Im-c-Ww, tlmcm-imkv{Xw Imc-I-Xz-߃ ]d-bp-∂Xv hnj-b-{Ia--Øn-em-sW-¶n¬ ^e-Zo-]nI AXp ]d-bp-∂Xv {Kl{Ia- Øn-em-Wv. AXp-sIm-≠v, {][myw IW-°n-se-SpØv, tlmc-bnse B t«mIw (tlmcm- ikv{Xw: 2-˛1) ChnsS D≤-cn-°-bm-Wv:
  • 30. A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 25 Imemflm Zn-Ir-∑--kvXp-ln-Kpx kXzw IptPm t⁄m htNm Pothm ⁄m-kptJ knX› aZtm ZpJw Znt-im-flPx...... 1. Imemflm - Zn-IrXv ˛ kqcy≥ Ime-]p-cp-js‚ Bflmhpw 2. ax Xpln-Kp ˛ N{μ≥ a pw 3. kXzw IpPx ˛ IpP≥ a-ssÿ-cyhpw 4. ⁄ hN ˛ _p[≥ hm°pw 5. Poh ⁄m-kptJ ˛ hymgw ⁄mhpw kpJhpw, 6. knX› aZx ˛ ip{I≥ ⁄mkpJßfpw IqSmsX Imahpw 7. ZpJw Znt-im-flPx ˛ in ZpJhpw BIp∂p. knXx N aZx.... ChnsS hfsc A¿∞-h-Ømb Hcp N sIm≠v ⁄m-kp-J-߃ ip{Ipw ]d-™n-cn-°p-∂p. Cu ⁄m-kp-J-ß-fpsS hyXymkw a- n-em-°m≥ Kpcphpw ip{Ipw XΩn-ep≈ hyXymkw Adn™m¬ aXn. DZm-l-c-W-Øn-v, ]ØmasØ t«m-I- Øn¬ _rl-kv]Xn t{ijvT-aXn F∂pw `rKp kpJo F∂pw Ch-cpsS kz`mhw ]d-bp∂p≠v. AXm-bXv t{ijvTa-Xn-bmb Kpcp- kqNn-∏n°p∂Xv ip≤amb ⁄mhpw kpJn-bmb ip{I≥ kqNn-∏n°p∂Xp euInI ⁄mhp ambncn°pw. kpJØns‚ ImcyØnepw Cu hyXmkw ImWmw. insbmgn®v a‰v Bdp {Klßsfs°m≠pw kpJw ]dbp∂p≠v. AhnsSbpw {KlßfpsS kz`mhw tm°n thWw kpJsØ hnebncpØm≥. DZmlcWØnv ip{I≥ kv{Xo, hmlw, hoSv F∂o kpJ߃ kqNn∏n°ptºmƒ Cu hIp∏n¬ kqcy≥ A—n¬n∂pap≈ kpJhpw N{μ≥ AΩbn¬n∂pap≈ kpJhpw hymgw a°fn¬n∂pap≈ kpJhpw a‰pamWv {][mambpw kqNn∏n°pI. {KlßfpsS ImcIXz߃ (PmXIØnepw a‰pw {Klßsfs°m≠p Nn¥nt°≠ hnjb߃) (1) Xm{aw kz¿Æw ]nXrip`-^ew Nmfl-kuJyw {]Xm]w ss[cyw iucyw kan-Xn-hn-Pbw cmP-tkhm {]Imiw ssihw Imcyw h-Kn-cn-KXnw tlma-Im-cy-{]-hrØnw tZh-ÿmw IY-bXp _p[--kvssX-£vWy-ap-’m-l-a¿°m¬ kqcy≥ Xm{aw ˛ sNºv.,
  • 31. ^eZo]nI 26 kz¿Æw., ]nXr ˛ A-—≥, ip`-^ew -(]nXrip`^ew F∂pw). Bfl ˛ Bflmhv, Xm≥. kuJyw ˛ kpJw (BflkuJyw F∂pw). {]Xm]w. ss[cyw. iucyw. kan-Xn- hn-Pbw ˛ bp-≤-Øn¬ Pbw. cmP-tkh ˛ cmPmhns tkhn°¬ -- (kcv°m¿ tPmenbpw CXn¬ s]Sp∂p) {]Imiw. ssihw Imcyw ˛ inhs kw_‘n®Imcy߃ . hKn-cn KXnw ˛ Im´neqsSbpw ta´neqsSbpap≈ bm{X, tlma-Im-cy-{]-hrØnw ˛ tlm-ahpambn _‘s∏´ Imcy-߃, tZh-ÿmw ˛ t£{X-ßfpw a‰pw, ssX-£vWyw ˛ Xo£vWX, D’m-lw. IY-bXp _p[ A¿°mXv ˛ (C{]-Imcw) _p[∑-m¿ (]WvUn-X-∑m¿), kqcy-s-s°m≠v (AYhm kq-cys‚ Imc- I-Xz-߃) ]d-bp∂p. (2) amXr kzkvXn ax-{]-km-Z-ap-Z-[n-kvmw knXw Nmacw O{Xw kphy-Pw ^em-n -ar-Zpew ]pjv]mWn kkyw Irjnw Io¿Ønw au‡n-I-Imw-ky-cu-]y-a-[p-c-£ocmZnhkv{Xmw_p tKm tbmjm]vXnw kpJ-t`m-Pw Xp-kpJw cq]w htZ-®-{μ-Xx N{μ≥ amXr ˛ amXmhv, kzkvXn ˛ kpJw, (am-Xpx -kzkvXn -- ˛ amXmhns‚ kuJyw F∂pw) a-{]-km-Zw ˛ a- pJw, DZ-[n-kvmw ˛ Xo¿∞kvmw, knXw Nmacw ˛ sh©m-a-cw, O{Xw ˛ IpS, kphy-Pw ˛ hnidn (Be-h-´w), ^em-n- ar-Zpew ˛ am¿±-h-ap≈ ]g-߃, ]pjv]mWn ˛ ]pjv]-߃,
  • 32. A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 27 kkyw, Irjn Io¿Øn ˛ {]ikvXn, au‡nIw ˛ apØv, Imwkyw ˛ sh¶ew (Iq´p-tem-lw), cu]yw ˛ sh≈n, a[p-cw, £ocmZn ˛ ]m¬ XpS-ßn-bh, hkv{Xw Aw_p ˛ Pew, tKm ˛ ]ip, tbmjm ˛ kv{Xo, B]vXn ˛ e-_v[n (kv{Xoe_v[n) kpJ-t`m-Pw ˛ `£-WkpJw, Xp-kpJw ˛ ico-c-kp-Jw, cq]w ˛ BIrXn (cq]`wKn) (F∂nh) htZXv N{μXx ˛ N{μ-s-s°m≠p ]d-bWw. (3) kXzw `q^-enXw ktlm-Z-c-KpWw {Iucyw cWw kmlkw hntZzjw N alm--km·n II⁄mXykv{XtNmcm≥ cn]q≥ D’mlw ]c-Im-a-o-cXnaktXym‡nw alo-Pm-ZztZ˛ Zzocyw NnØ-k-ap-∂Xnw N Iepjw tkm-[n-]Xyw £Xw. IpP≥ kXzw ˛ Dƒ°cp-Øv, `q^-enXw -˛ ^e`qbnjvTamb `qan, ktlm-Z-c-KpWw {Iucyw cWw ˛ bp≤w, kml-kw hntZz-jw alm--kw ˛ ASp-°-f, A·n, IIw ˛ kz¿Æw ⁄mXn ˛ _‘p-°ƒ, Akv{Xw ˛ Bbp-[-߃, tNmcm≥ ˛ I≈-∑m¿, cn]q≥ ˛ i{Xp-°ƒ, D’mlw,
  • 33. ^eZo]nI 28 ]c-Im-a-o-cXn ˛ ]ckv{XokpJw, AktXym‡n ˛ pW]d-b¬, hocyw ˛ _ew, NnØ-k-ap-∂Xn ˛ amkntIm∂aw Iepjw ˛ ]m]w, tkm-[n-]Xyw, £Xw ˛ apdn-hv. (F∂nh) alo-Pm-Xv htZXv ˛ IpPss°m≠p ]dbWw. (4) ]mWvUnXyw kphNx Iem-n-]p-WXmw hnZz¬kvXpXnw amXpew hmIvNm-Xp-cy-ap-]m-k-m-Zn-]-SpXm hnZymkpbp‡nw aXnw (1) b⁄w sshjvW-h-I¿a-k-Xy-h-Nw ip‡nw hn-lm-c-ÿew inev]w _m‘hbuh-cmPykplr-Z-kvXZv`m-Kn-tbw _p[m¬. _p[≥ ]mWvUn-Xyw, kphNx ˛ √ hm‹n, Iem-n-]p-WX ˛ Ie-I-fn¬ sshZ-Kv≤yw, hnZz¬ kvXpXn ˛ hnZz-∑m-cpsS {]iwk, amXpe≥ ˛ AΩm-h≥, hmIvNm-Xp-cyw- ˛ kw`m-j-W-Nm-Xpcyw (hm‹nXzw), D-]m-k-m-Zn -]-SpXm ˛ D]m-k-m-Zn-I-fn¬ ]mS-hw, hnZy bp‡n, aXn ˛ _p≤n, b⁄w ˛ bmKw, sshjvW-h-I¿Ωw ˛ hnjvWphnp≈ Bcm-[m-]-c-amb Imcy-߃, k-Xy-h-Nw ˛ kXyw ]db¬, ip‡n ˛ apØp Nn∏n, hn-lm-c-ÿew ˛ Ifn-ÿ-ew, in¬∏w ˛ sImØp-th-e-Iƒ, _m‘h ˛ _‘p-°ƒ, buh-cmPy ˛ bph-cm-Pm-hv, kplr-Z- ˛ kplr-Øp-°ƒ, `m-Kn-tbw ˛ acp-a-°ƒ, _p[mXv ˛ (Ch) _p-[-s-s°m≠v (]-d-bp∂p).
  • 34. A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 29 (1) hnZymkpbp‡nw aXnw F∂Xp mep ]pkvXIßfn¬ mep XcØnemWp hymJymn®ncn°p∂Xv. (1) hnZybpw bp‡nbpw (2) hnZymhnjbw Xncs™Sp°p∂Xnse bp‡n (3) hnZym-`ym-khpw bp‡n-Nn-¥bpw (4) hnZybnse bp‡n CØcw kμ¿`ßfn¬ icn Is≠Øm≥ bp‡n D]tbmKn°pItb nhrØnbp≈p. (5) ⁄mw kZvKp-W-am-flPw N kNnhw kzmNm-c-am-Nm-cyIw amlmflyw {ipXn-imkv{X[o kvarXn-aXnw k¿thm-∂Xnw kZvKXnw tZh-{_m-“-W-`-‡n-a-≤z-c-X]x {i≤m› tImi-ÿew sshZpjyw hnPn-tX-{μnbw [h-kpJw kΩm--ao-Uym±-bmw. hymgw ⁄mw, kZvKp-Ww, B-flPw ˛ a°ƒ kNnhw ˛ a{¥n-am¿, kzmNm-cw- ˛ kz-I¿Ωw, (kXvI¿Ωw F∂pw), BNm-cyIw ˛ BNmcy-∑m¿ (KpcpmY∑-m¿), amlm-flyw, {ipXn ˛ thZ-߃, imkv{X ˛ imkv{X-߃, [o ˛ _p≤n, kvarXn ˛ Hm¿Ω, (apkvarXn XpS-ßn-bhbpw), aXn ˛ _p≤n k¿thm-∂Xn ˛ F√m-XcØn-ep-ap≈ Db¿®, kZvK-Xn - ˛ ta¬§-Xn (tam£w), tZh-{_m-“-W-`-‡n ˛ tZh-∑mcnepw(ssZhßfnepw) {_m“- Wcnepw (Bfl⁄mnIfnepw) D≈ -`-‡n/_lpamw A≤z-c ˛ bmKmZn I¿Ω-߃, X]x ˛ X]- v, {i≤m ˛ BkvXnIyw, (BflnbX), tImi-ÿew ˛ JP-m-hv, sshZpjyw ˛ ]mWvUnXyw, hnPn-tX-{μnbw ˛ C{μnb-kwb-aw, [h-kpJw ˛ Zmº-Xy-kp-Jw,
  • 35. ^eZo]nI 30 kΩmw ˛ Aw-Ko-Im-cw, _lpaXn Zb, CuUymXv ˛ (Ch) hymg-sØ-s°m≠v (Nn¥n-°-Ww.) (6) kº-Zzm-lhkv{X`qjWn[n{ZhymWn Xucy-{XnIw `mcymku-Jykp-K‘]pjv]aZ--hym-]m-c-i-øm-e-bm≥ {ioaXzw Ihn-Xm-kpJw _lp-h-[qkwKw hnemkw aZw kmNnhyw kc-tkm-‡n-aml `rKp-Pm-Zp-Zzm-l-I¿tam-’-hw. ip{I≥ kºXv ˛ kº-Øv, ([w, -sFizcyw), hmlw, hkv{Xw, `qjW ˛ B`-c-W-߃, n[n, {ZhymWn ˛ {Zhy߃ (PwKakzØp°ƒ, mWbw, ]Ww) Xucy{XnIw ˛ Kmw, rØw, hmZyw Ch aq∂pw `mcy, kuJyw ˛ kpJw (`mcymkuJyw F∂pw), kpK‘ ˛ kpK‘{Zhy߃ 10. ]pjv] ˛ ]q°ƒ -(kpK‘]pjv]w), aZ--hym-]m-cw ˛ Ima-eoe-Iƒ, i-ø ˛ InSbv-°. B-e-bw ˛ hoSv (iømebw F∂pw), {ioaXzw ˛ sFizcyw. Ihn-Xm-kpJw ˛ Imhy-c-NsImt≠m ImhymkzmZw sImt≠m e`n°p∂ Bμw, _lp-h-[qkwKw ˛ ]e kv{XoI-fp-ambn _‘w hnemkw ˛ D√mkw, aZw, kmNnhyw ˛ a{¥n-ÿm-w, kc-tkm-‡n ˛ ¿Ω-`m-j-Ww, , D-Zzm-l-I¿Ωw ˛ hnhm-l-w, D’-h-w, `rKp-Pm-Xv ˛ ip{I-s-s°m-≠v (Nn¥n°Ww).
  • 36. A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 31 (7) Bbpjyw acWw `bw ]Xn-XXmw ZpJm-h-am-m-a-bm≥ Zmcn{Zyw `rX-Im-]-hm-Z-I-ep-jmym-iu-N n-μm-]Zx ssÿcyw oN-P-m-{ibw N alnjw X{μoarWw Nmbkw ZmkXzw Irjn-km-[w chn-kp-Xm¬ Imcm-Krlw _‘-w. in Bbpjyw- ˛ Bbp- v, ac-Ww, `bw, ]Xn-XX ˛ ]XnXzw (PmXn{`jvSv), ZpxJw, Ah-am-w, Ba-bm≥ ˛ tcmK-߃, Zmcn{Zyw, `rX-I ˛ `rXy≥, A]-hm-Zw ˛ NoØ∏cv, I-ep-jmn ˛ ]m]-I¿Ω-߃, Biu-Nw ˛ Aip-≤w (]pe, hmembva ) nμ, B]Z ˛ B]-Øv, ssÿcyw ˛ ÿnc-X, oN-P-m-{ibw ˛ Zp¿÷sØ --B{ibnt°≠n hcnI alnjw ˛ t]mØv, X{μo ˛ ab°w, Bekyw EWw ˛ ISw,- Bbkw ˛ Ccp-ºv. ZmkXzw ˛ `rXyXzw, Irjn-km-[w ˛ Im¿jntIm]IcW߃, Imcm-Krlw ˛ XShd, _‘-w ˛ XShv. chn-kp-Xm¬ ˛ in-sbs°m-≠v (Nn¥n-t°-≠h). {KlßfpsS cq]hpw kz`mhhpw (8) ]nØmÿnkmtcm-¬]-I-N› c‡˛ iymam-IrXnx kym∑-[p-]nw-K-fm£x Iukpw-`-hm-km-›-Xp-c-{i-tZlx iqcx {]NWvUx ]rYp-_m-lp-c¿°x.
  • 37. ^eZo]nI 32 kqcy≥ A¿°x ˛ kqcy-≥: ]nØ - ˛ ]nØ-{]-Ir-Xn, Aÿnkmtcm ˛ F√p-d-∏v, A¬∏-IN ˛ apSn Ipd-hv, c‡iymam-IrXn ˛ Idp-∏pw NpI∏pw tN¿∂ ndØnep≈ cq]w, a[p-]nw-K-fm£ ˛ tX≥ nd-ap≈ IÆp-Iƒ, Iukpw-`-hm-k ˛ NpI∂ hkv{X-߃, NXp-c{i tZlw ˛ c≠p ssI ofhpw amdns‚ hoXnbpw tN¿∂ Dbcw, iqc≥, {]N-WvU ˛ AXn-i-‡≥, D{KtIm]n. ]rYp-_m-lp ˛ XSn® ssIIƒ. (9) ÿqtem bphm N ÿhncx Iri-x knXx Imt¥-£-Wm-›m-kn-X-kq-£va-aq-¿-≤Px css‡-I-kmtcm arZp-hmIv knXmw-iptIm Kucx iio hmX-I-^m-fltIm arZpx. Nμ≥ iin ˛ N{μ≥ ÿqtem bphm N ÿhncx Iri-x ˛ XSn-®Xpw buh--bp-‡-hpw, NS-®Xpw {]mb-am-bXpw Bb c≠-h-ÿ-Iƒ, Imt¥-£-W ˛ hiy-amb IÆp-Iƒ, A-kn-X-kq-£va-aq-¿-≤P ˛ IdpØv t¿Ø XeapSn, css‡-I-kmtcm ˛ tNmcØpSn-∏p≈, arZp-hmIv ˛ kuay-amb kw`mj-Ww, knXmw-iptIm ˛ shfpØ hkv{Xw, knX/Kuc ˛ shfpØ hmX-I-^m-fltIm ˛ hmXhpw I^hpw tN¿∂ {]Ir-Xn, arZp ˛ kuay≥.- (10) at≤y Irix Ip©n-X-Zo-]vX-tIix {Iqtc-£Wx ss]ØnI D{K-_p≤nx c‡mw-_tcm c‡-X-p¿a-loPx NWvtUm f Xyp-Zm-c-kvX-cp-tWm f- Xn-a-÷x.
  • 38. A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 33 IpP≥, aloP ˛ IpP≥, at≤y Iri ˛ HXp-ßnb Ac-s°-´v, Ip©n-X- Zo-]vX -tIi ˛ Npcp≠, Xnf-ßp∂ apSn, {Iqtc-£W ˛ cq£-amb tm´w. ss]ØnI ˛ ]nØ{]IrXn, D{K-_p≤n ˛ Xo£vW_p≤n, c‡mw-_tcm ˛ NpI∂ hkv{X-w, c‡X-p ˛ NpI∂ tZlw, NWvUm ˛ tIm]-im-en., AXyp-Zm-c ˛ hfsc DZm-c-a--kvI≥, X-cp-tWm- ˛ bphmhv. AXn-a-÷x ˛ A[nIw a÷. (IcpØp‰ icocw). (11) Zp¿Δm-e-Xm-iym-a-X-p-kv{Xn-[mXp an{i- n-cm-hm≥ a[p-tcm-‡n-bp‡x c‡m-b-Xmt£m lcn-Xmw-ip-I-kvXzIv˛ kmtcm _pt[m lmky-cp-Nn- -amw-Kx. _p[≥. _pt[m: - ˛ _p[≥. Zp¿Δm-e-Xm-iym-a- X-p ˛ Idp-I-∏p-√ns‚ ndap≈ icocw, {Xn-[mXpan{ix ˛ {XntZm-j-{]-Ir-Xn, kn-cm-hm≥ ˛ RcºpIƒ nd™ tZlw, a[ptcm‡n bp‡ ˛ a[p-c-amb kw`m-j-Ww, c‡m-b-Xmt£m ˛ NpI∂ IÆpIƒ, lcn-Xmw-ip-Iw ˛ ]® hkv{Xw, XzIvkmtcm ˛ I´n-bp-≈ sXmen, lmky-cp-Nn ˛ ¿Ω-t_m-[ap≈-h≥, kamw-Kw ˛ ka-amb Aw-K-ßtfmSp-Iq-Sn-b-h≥. {Xn[mXpan{i.... hymJym-Xm-°-fn¬ Nne¿ {Xn-[mXp F∂pw, an{i- n-cm-hm≥ F∂pw a‰p Nne¿ {Xn[m- Xp-an{i, kncm-hm≥ F∂pw ]Zw apdn®v A¿Yw ]d™p ImWp∂-p. (12) ]oX-ZypXnx ]nwK-I-tN-£-Wx kymXv ]otm-∂-tXm-cm› _rl-—-cocx
  • 39. ^eZo]nI 34 I^m-flIx t{ijvTaXnx kptcUyx knwlm-_vPm-Z› hkp-{]-[m-x. kptcUyx ˛ hymgw. ]oX-ZypXnx ˛ Xnf-ßp∂ a™ndw, ]nwK -I-N Cu-£-W ˛ Xhn´p ndØnep≈ apSnbpw IÆp-Ifpw, ]o- D∂X D-cx ˛ XSn®Xpw Db¿∂ amdv, _rl-Xv i-cocx ˛ henb icocw, I^m-flIx ˛ I^-{]-Ir-Xn, t{ijvTaXnx ˛ DXvIr-jvS-amb a- v, knwlm-_vPm-Z ˛ knwlK¿÷-w-t]mse apg-ßp∂ i_vZw, hkp-{]-[m-x. ˛ kº-∂≥. (13) Nn{Xmw-_cm Ip©n-X-Ir-jvW-tIix ÿqemw-K-tZ-l› I^m-n-emflm Zp¿Δm-¶p-cm`x Iatm hnim-e˛ tt{Xm `rKpx -km-[nXip¢-hr-≤nx. ip{I≥, `rKpx ˛ ip{I≥, Nn{Xmw-_cw ˛ (hn)Nn{X-amb As√-¶n¬ _lp-h¿Æ- Øn-ep≈ hkv{Xw, Ip©n-X-Ir-jvWtIix ˛ Npcp-≠p IdpØ apSn, ÿqemw-K -tZ-l ˛ XSn® tZl-{]-Ir-Xn, I^m An-emflm ˛ I^-hmX{]Ir-Xn, Zp¿Δm-¶p-cm`x ˛ Idp-I-m-ºns‚ ndw, Iat hnim-ett{X ˛ BI¿j-Ihpwhnim-ehp-amb IÆp-Iƒ, km[nX ip¢-hr≤n ˛ ip¢-hr-≤n-bp-≠m-°p-∂p. (14) ]wKp¿nav-hn-tem-Nx (1) Iri-X-p¿±o¿L- n-cm-tfm- f ekx IrjvWmwKx ]h-m-fl-tIm f-Xn-]n-ipx kvmbz-fltIm n¿LrWx aq¿Jx ÿqe--J-ZznPx ]cp-jtcm-amw-tKm f ip-Nn-kvXm-atkm cu{Zx t{Im[-]tcm Pcm-]-cn-WXx IrjvWmw-_tcm `mkvI-cox. (1) ]mTt`Zw: ]nwtKm nav-hn-tem-N....
  • 40. A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 35 in. `mkvIcn ˛ in. ]wKpx ˛ apS¥≥. nav- hn-tem-N ˛ Ipgn™ IÆp-Iƒ As√-¶n¬ Xmtgbv°p tm°p∂ kz`m-hw, Iri-X-p ˛ saen™ ico-cw, Zo¿L ˛ Db-c-ap≈ tZlw, kn-cm-f ˛ knc-Iƒ nd-™- icocw (Zo¿L- n-cmtfm F∂pw ImWp-∂p), Ae-k ˛ Ae-k≥, IrjvWmwtKm ˛ IdpØ icocw, ]h-m-fl-I ˛ hmX-{]-Ir-Xn, AXn-]n-ipx ˛ ZpjvS≥ (nμy≥), kvmbz-flI ˛ t]in-Iƒ nd™ (I-cp-Øp-≈), n¿LrW ˛ μn-bn√mØh≥, aq¿J ˛ _p≤nbn√mØh≥, ÿqe--J-ZznP ˛ XSn® ]√pw J-ß-fpw, ]cp-jtcm-amw-K ˛- am¿±-h-an-√mØ tcmahpw ico-chpw, A-ip-Nn ˛ ipNn-Xzan-√m-Ø-h≥, Xm-ak ˛ Xma-k-kz`mhw, cu{Z ˛ cu{Zkz`mhw, t{Im[-]tcm ˛ ap≥tIm-]n, Pcm-]-cn-WXx ˛ hm¿≤Iyw _m[n-®, IrjvWmw-_tcm ˛ IdpØ hkv{Xw, (15) ssihw [ma -_lnx{]Im-i-I-a-cp-t±iw cthx ]q¿h-ZnIv Zp¿Km-ÿm--h-[q-P-eu-j[n a[p-ÿmw hnt[m¿hm-bp-ZnIv tNmc-w tæ-—-Ir-im-p-bp-≤-`p-hn-Zn-Kymaym IpP-tkym-ZnXm hnZz-ZznjvWpk`mhnlmcKW-I-ÿm-m-yp-Z-oNow hnZpx. {KlßfpsShmkÿm߃ cthx ˛ kqcyv. ssihw [ma - ˛ inh-t£{Xw, _ln{]tZiw ˛ shfn-ÿew, {]Im-i-I- {]tZiw ˛ shfn®ap≈ ÿew, a-cp-t±iw ˛ acp-`qan, ]q¿h- ZnIv ˛ Ing°p Zn°v.
  • 41. ^eZo]nI 36 hnt[m ˛ N{μv. Zp¿Km-ÿm-w ˛ Zp¿§mt£{Xw, h-[q ˛ kv{XoIƒ, P-ew, Hu-j[n-Iƒ, a[pÿmw ˛ tX≥/aZyw D≈ ÿew, (h-[q-P-eu-j[na[p-F∂nh D≈ ÿew F∂pw), hmbp-ZnIv ˛ hS-°p-]-Sn-™md.v IpP ˛ IpPv. tNmc ˛ I≈-∑m¿, tæ-— ˛ tæ—∑m¿, Ir-im-p ˛ A·n, bp-≤-`p-hn ˛ bp≤-`qan, ZnKymaym ˛ ZnIv bmaym ˛ ba-Zn°v, sX°v hnZp ˛ _p[v. hnZzXv ˛ hnZzm-∑m¿, hnjvWp, k`m ˛ kZ- p-Iƒ, hnlmc ˛ Ifn-ÿew / _p≤hnlmcw KW-I ˛ KWn-X-⁄≥ ˛ KWI≥/tPym’y≥ ÿmmn ˛ (Chbp≈) ÿe-߃, DZ-oNn ˛ hS°p Zn°v. (16) tImim-iz-∞-kp-c-Zzn-Pm-Xn-n-e-bkvssXzim--Zn-§ojv]-tX¿ thiymhoYy-h-tcm-[-r-Ø-i-b--ÿmw `rtKm-c-·n-ZnIv oN-t{i-Wy-ip-Nn-ÿew hcp-W-ZnIvimkvXpx i-t-cm-etbm hm¬ao-Im-ln-X-tam-_ne-(1) yln inJn-ÿm-mn Zn{K-£-kx. Kojv]-tXx ˛ hymg-Øn-v. tImix ˛ JP-mhv, Aiz-∞ ˛ Ac-bm¬, kp-c-Zzn-Pm-Xnn-e-b ˛ tZ-h-∑m¿, {_m-“-W¿ XpS-ßn-b-h-cpsS hmk-ÿ-ew, Cuim--ZnIv ˛ hS°p Ing°v,
  • 42. A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 37 `rtKmx ˛ ip{Iv: thiymhoYn ˛ thiymsØ-cphv, Ah-tcm-[ ˛ A¥x-]pcw, r-Øÿmw ˛ -rØ]cn-]m-Sn-Iƒ S°p∂ ÿew, i-b-ÿmw ˛ InS∏d, A-·n-ZnIv ˛ A·n-tIm-Wv. Ing°psX°p aqe. it ˛ i-n-°v. - oN-t{i-Wn ˛ tNcn-Iƒ, Aip-Nn-ÿew ˛ hrØn-sI´ ÿew, hcp-W-ZnIv ˛ ]Sn-™mdv, imkvX ˛ imkvXm-hv, Bebw ˛ ÿmw. Aln-inJn ˛ cmlp-tI-Xp-°ƒ°v. hm¬aoIw ˛ ]p‰v, X-tam-_new ˛ Ccp≠ amfw (s]mØv). ÿm-mn ˛ ÿm-߃, Zn{K-£-kx -˛ ZnIvc£k ˛ ncrXn tImWv (sX-°p-]-Sn-™m-dv). (17) ssithm `njMvr]-Xn-c-[z-cIrXv{]-[mo hymt{Lm artKm Zn-]tXx Ine -N-{I-hmIx imkvXmw-Km(1) cPI I¿jI tXmb-Kmkyp˛ cntμm-x ii› lcn-W› _I›-tIm-cx. {Kl-ßfpsS a‰p Imc-I-Xz-߃ (sXmgn¬, ]£n, arKw apX-em-bh) N{μ≥ Cμp ˛ N{μv imkvXm ˛ imkvXmhv, Aw-Km ˛ kv{Xo, (]mTt`Zw ikvXmw-Km -˛ {]ikvXbmb kv{Xo) cPI ˛ Ae-°p-Imc≥, I¿j-I ˛ Irjn-°m-c≥, tXmb-Km --˛ PeØn-¬ k-©cn°p∂h≥ i-iw ˛ apb¬,
  • 43. ^eZo]nI 38 lcn-Ww ˛ am≥t]S, _Iw ˛ sIm°v, NtImcw ˛ sNtºmØv. kqcy≥ Zn-]tXx ˛ kqcyv. ssithm ˛ inh-`-‡≥, `njIv ˛ sshZy≥, r]-Xn- ˛ cmPmhv, A-[z-cIrXv ˛ bmKw sNøp-∂-bmƒ, {][mn - ˛ ap-Jy≥, hymt{Lm ˛ ISph, artKm ˛ am≥, N{I-hmIw ˛ ]I¬ CW- Iq´np≠mIp-sa¶nepw cm{Xn bmbm¬ CWsb ]ncn™v hnc-l-ZpxJw Ap-`-hn-t°≠n hcp∂ Hcp ]£n F∂p i_vZXmcmhen. (18) `utam alm--k-K-Xm-bp-[`r¬kp-h¿Æ˛ Imcm-P-Ip-°pSinhmI]n KrZv{[tNmcmx tKm]m-e -in¬]n KW-tIm-Øa(1) hnjvWp-Zmkmx Xm¿£yx InIo-Zn-hn- ip-Iu- iintPm _nUm-ex IpP≥ `ua - ˛ IpP≥, alm--k-K-X ˛ ASp-°-f-°m-c≥, B-bp-[`rXv ˛ Bbp[w [cn-®h≥, kp-h¿ÆImc ˛ kz¿Æ-∏-Wn-°m-c≥, AP ˛ BSv, Ip-°pS ˛ tImgn, inhm ˛ s]¨Ip-dp-°≥, I]n ˛ Ipc-ß≥, KrZv{[p ˛ Igp-I≥, tNmcx ˛ I≈≥. _p[≥ iinP ˛ _p[≥, tKm]m-e ˛ ]ip-°-sf]men°p-∂-h≥, in¬]n,
  • 44. A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 39 KW-tImØa ˛ KWn-X-⁄≥, hnjvWp-Zmkx ˛ hnjvWp-`-‡≥ (sshjvW-h≥), Xm¿£yw ˛ ]cp¥v, InIoZn-hn ˛ Im´p-Im°, (InIo F∂p Ic-bp∂ Hcp ]£n), ip-I ˛ XØ, _nUm-ex ˛ ]q®. (1) hymJymt`Zw: tKm]-⁄-in¬]-K-WI.... tKm] ˛ ]m¬°m-c≥, ⁄ ˛ hnZzm≥, in¬]n ˛ sImØp-]-Wn-°m-c≥, KWI ˛ IW-s°-gp-Øp-Im-c≥. (19) ssZh⁄ a{¥n Kpcp hn{] bXoi apJymx ]mcm-h-Xx kpcKptcm-kvXp-c-K› lwkx Kmo [o hnS hWnMv S X¥p-hmb thiymabqcalnjo N `rtKmx iptIm Kux. hymgw kpcKptcm ˛ hymg-Ønv, ssZh⁄ ˛ ssZh⁄≥ a{¥n, Kpcp, hn{] ˛ {_m“-W≥. bXoi ˛ kymkn, apJy ˛ apJy≥, ({][mn), ]mcm-hXw ˛ amS{]mhv, XpcKw ˛ IpXnc, lwkw ˛ A-c-b-∂w. ip{I≥ `rtKm ˛ ip{I-v Kmo ˛ Kmb-I≥, [o ˛ [nI≥, hnS ˛ hnS≥,
  • 45. ^eZo]nI 40 hWnIv ˛ I®-h-S-°m-c≥, S ˛ ¿Ø-I≥ (S≥), X¥p-hmb ˛ sbvØp-Im-c≥, thiy, abqc ˛ abn¬, alnjo ˛ Fcpa ]mTt`Zw a-ln-jw ˛ t]mØv viptIm ˛ XØ, Ku ˛ ]ip. (20) ssXe-{Ibo `rXIoNIncmXImb˛ kvImcm› Z¥nIcSm› ]nIm-»tx kypx. _u≤m-ln-Xp-fin-I-J-cm-P-Ir- tImjv{Sk¿]˛ ≤zm¥m-Jy-tbm¿a-i-I-a-°p-W-Ir-ayp-eq-Imx. in it ˛ in-°v. ssXe-{Ibo ˛ FÆ-°-®-h-S-°m-c≥, `rXI ˛ `rXy≥, oN ˛ oN≥, IncmX(I) ˛ Im´m-f≥, ZpjvS≥ AbkvImcm ˛ sIm√≥ (C-cpºp ]Wn-°m-c≥), Z¥n ˛ B, Ic-Sm ˛ Im°, ]nIm- ˛ Ipbn¬, cmlp, tIXp [zm¥m-Jy-tbmx ˛ Xtam{Kl߃°v, cmlptIXp°ƒ°v ([zm¥w ˛ Ccp´v, BJytbm ˛ F∂p t]cmbh) _u≤ ˛ _u≤≥ (_p≤-a-X-mpbmbn, Alnμp), AlnXpfinI ˛ ]mºp ]nSpØ°mc≥, ]mºm´n, Jc ˛ IgpX AP ˛ BSv IrI(hmIw) ˛ Iqhp∂ ]£n, ]qh≥ tImgn Djv{SIw ˛ H´Iw. k¿∏ ˛ ]mºv, aiI ˛ sImXpIv,
  • 46. A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 41 a°pW ˛ aq´, Iran, ˛ sIm®p {]mWn-Iƒ D-eqI ˛ aqß. (IpPp ]d™ BSpw tImgnbpw ChnsS ho≠pw h∂Xns‚ ImcWw IpPhXv tIXp F∂ nbaambncn°Ww.), {Kl-ß-fpsS i{Xp-an-{XXzw (21) kuayx ktam¿°-P-kn-Xm-h-lnXu Jcmw-tim˛ cntμm¿lnXu chn-_p-[m-h-]tc kamx kypx `uaky aμ-`rKpPu Xp kau cn]p¿⁄˛ kuayky ioX-Kp-c-cn- p-lrZu knXm¿°u. (22) kptc¿Zznju Ihn _p[u chn-P- ax kym˛ ∑≤yu Ith¿Kp-cp-IpPu kplrZu in⁄u Poh-x- kax knXhnZu chn-Pky ant{X t⁄bm Ap-‡-J-N-cmkvXp XZ-yYm kypx. kqcy-v Jcmw-tim kuay ktam ˛ kqcy-v -_p[≥ ka≥, A¿°P knX AhlnXu ˛ inbpw ip{Ipw i{Xp°ƒ. N{μ-v Ctμmx lnXu chn-_p-[ ˛ N{μ-v an{X߃ kqcypw _p[-pw, A]tc kamx ˛ addp-≈-h¿ k-a-∑m¿. (N-{μp i{Xp-°-fn-√). IpPv `uaky aμ-`r-KpPu Xp kau ˛ IpPv inbpw ip{Ipw ka-∑m¿, cn]p¿⁄ ˛ _p[≥ i{Xp-. _p[-v kuayky ioXKpx Acn ˛ _p[-v N{μ-≥ i{Xp, knXm¿°u kplrZ ˛ ip{Ipw kqcy-pw an{X߃.
  • 47. ^eZo]nI 42 Kpcphnv kptcx Zznju Ihn-_p-[u ˛ ip{Ipw_p[pw hym-g-Ønp i{Xp-°-ƒ chn-P-x ka ˛ in ka≥ ip{Iv Ithx ˛ ip{Iv Kpcp-IpPu a≤yu ˛ Kpcphpw IpP-pw ka-∑m¿, in⁄u kplrZu ˛ inbpw _p[pw kplr-Øp-°ƒ. in-bv°p chn-Pky Pohx k--a ˛ in-bv°p Kpcp kapw knX-hnZu ant{X ˛ ip{Ipw _p[pw an{X-߃. t⁄bm Ap‡ JN-cmkvXp XZ-y-Ymkypx ˛ ap-I-fn¬ FSpØp ]d-bmØ {Kl-ß-fpsS Imcyw Duln-®p-sIm≈-Ww. (DZm-l-c- W-Ønv t«mI-Øn¬ in-bpsS kapw an{X-ßfpw am{Xta ]d-™n-´p-≈q. i{Xp-hns‚ Imcyw Duln-°Ww.) {Kl-ß-fpsS Cu i{Xp-˛-an-{X-˛-ka _‘-Øns‚ ASn-ÿmw _rl-÷m-X-I-Øn¬ (2--˛15) ]d-bp∂p≠v: .. .ktXymt‡ kplrZkv{XntImW`hmXv kzmXv kzm¥y[o[¿Ω]mx tkz®mbp pJ]m› e£Whnt[¿˛ ∂mty hntcm[mZnXn. kXym-Nm-cy≥ ]d™n-´p-≈-X-p-k-cn®v kz¥w aqe-{Xn-tIm-W-cm-in-bn¬n∂pw, 2, 12, 5, 9 cmin-I-fpsS mY-∑mcpw, kz¥w D®cmin, Bbp v (8) kpJ (4) F∂n-h-bpsS mY-∑mcpw kplr-Øp-°ƒ BIp-∂p. Cu imkv{X-hn-[n°v ApkrXa√mØh kplr- Øp-°ƒ BIp-∂n-√. t«mIØn¬ ]d™Xp ]´nI cq]Ønem°ptºmƒ˛˛
  • 48. A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 43 {Klw aqe-{Xn 2 12 5 9 D®w 8 4 kqcy≥ Nnßw I∂n I¿°-S [p taSw taSw aow hr›nIw c _p N Kp Ip Ip Kp Ip N{μ≥ CShw anYpw taSw I∂n aIcw CShw [p Nnßw ip _p Ip _p a ip Kp c IpP≥ taSw CShw aow Nnßw [p aIcw hr›n I¿°-SIw Ip ip Kp c Kp a Ip N _p[≥ I∂n Xpemw Nnßw aIcw CShw I∂n taSw [p _p ip c a- ip- _p- Ip Kp Kpcp [p aIcw hr›n taSw Nnßw I¿° I¿-° aow Kp a Ip Ip c N N Kp ip{I≥ Xpemw hr›n I∂n Ipw`w anYp aow CShw aIcw ip Ip _p a _p Kp ip a in Ipw`w aow aIcw anYp Xpemw Xpemw I∂n CShw a Kp a _p ip ip _p ip CXp-{]-Im-cw- Hmtcm {KlØnpw In´p∂ t]mb‚pIƒ c- N- Ip_p -Kp- ip a kqcyv ˛ 1 3 1 2 -˛ ˛ N{μv 1 ˛ 1 2 1 1 1 IpPv 1 1 ˛ 1 2 1 1 _p[v 1 ˛ 1 1 1 2 1 Kpcp-hnv 1 2 2 ˛ 1 ˛ 1 ip{Iv ˛ ˛ 1 2 1 1 2 in°v ˛ ˛ ˛ 2 1 3 1 CXpsh®p i{Xpan{Xßsf ImWp∂ hn[w˛˛ 1. c≠p cmin-I-fpsS B[n-]-Xy-ap-≈-h¿ ˛ c≠p h∂m¬ an{Xw 2 Hcp cmin-bpsS B[n-]-Xy-ap-≈-h¿ ˛ H∂p h∂mepw an{Xw 3 c≠p cmin-I-fpsS B[n-]-Xy-ap-≈-h¿ ˛ H∂p h∂m¬ ka≥ 4 H∂pw hcm-Øh i{Xp.
  • 49. ^eZo]nI 44 AXp{]Imcw˛ an{Xw ka≥ i{Xp kqcyv NIpKp _p ipa N{μv c_p IpKp-ipa C√ IpPv cNKp ip a _p _p[v c ip IpKpa N Kpcp-hnv cNIp a _pip ip{Iv _pa IpKp cN in°v _pip Kp cNIp ^eZo]nI{]Imcap≈ i{Xpan{XXzhpw CXpXs∂bmWv. an{Xw ka≥ i{Xp kqcyv N{μ≥, IpP≥, Kpcp _p[≥ ip{I≥ in N{μv chn, _p[≥ IpP≥, Kp-cp, ip{I≥, in C√ IpPv chn, N{μ≥, Kpcp ip{I≥, in _p[≥ _p[v chn, ip{I≥ IpP≥, Kpcp, in N{μ≥ Kpcp-hnv chn, N{μ≥, IpP≥ in _p[≥, ip{I≥ ip{Iv _p[≥, in IpP≥, Kpcp chn, N{μ≥ in°v _p[≥, ip{I≥ Kpcp chn,N{μ≥,IpP≥ CXphsc ]d™Xv {KlßfpsS ssk¿§nI i{Xpan{X AhÿbmWv. Cn Xm¬°menI i{Xpan{Xmhÿ ]dbp∂p. (23) Atymyw {Xnkp-J-kz-Jm-¥y-`-h-Km-kvX¬Im-e-an-{Xm-Wyao Xss∂-k¿§n-I-a-]y-th£y IY-tb-Ø-kym-Xn-an-{Xm-ln-Xm≥ iucymt-⁄- c-hntPm Kpcp¿Kpcp-kpXu `ua-›Xp¿∞m-jvSau ]q¿Æw ]iyXn k]vX-a© kI-em-kvtX-jzw-{Ln-hr≤ym{Iam¬. {Kl-ß-fpsS Xm¬°m-enI i{Xp-an-{Xmhÿ Atymyw {Xn kp-J -kz- J - A¥y- `-hKm- XX¬Im-e-an-{Xm-Wn ˛ Hcp{KlØn¬ n∂pw 3, 4, 2, 10, 12, 11 `mhßfn¬ n¬°p∂ {Kl߃ X¬°mean{XßfmWv. XXv ssk¿§n-Iw- A]n A-th£y IY-tb-Xv Xky A-Xn-an-{Xm ˛ ssk¿§nI_‘wIqSn tm°n AXnan{Xw XpSßnbh ]dbWw. Hcp PmX-I-Øn¬ Hcp {Kl-Øns‚ ]n∂nse aq∂p cmin-Ifnepw (10,11,12) ap∂nse aq∂p cmin-Ifnepw (2, 3, 4) n¬°p∂ {Kl-߃ B PmX-I-Øn¬ B {Kl-Øns‚ X¬°m-
  • 50. A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 45 e-an-{X-ß-fm-Wv. CX-√m-Øh (5 apX¬ 9 hsc `mh-ß-fn¬ n¬°p-∂h), X¬°m-e-i-{Xp-°- fp-am-Ip-∂p. Cu X¬°me _‘hpw 21, 22 t«mI-ß-fn¬ ]d™ ssk¿§n-I-_-‘hpw tN¿Øp Nn¥n-°-Ww. AXm-b-Xv˛˛- XXv°m-e-an{Xw + ssk¿§nIan{Xw = AXnan{Xw XXv°m-e-an{Xw + ssk¿§nI i{Xp = ka≥ XXv°m-e-an{Xw + ssk¿§nIka≥ = an{Xw XXv°m-e-i{Xp + ssk¿§nIi{Xp = AXni{Xp XXv°m-e-i{Xp + ssk¿§nIan{Xw = ka≥ XXv°m-e-i{Xp + ssk¿§nIka≥ = i{Xp- {Kl-ß-fpsS ZrjvSn (ho-£Ww) ....iucym⁄m- c-hntPm Kpcp¿Kpcp-kpXu `ua-›Xp¿∞m-jvSau ]q¿Æw ]iyXn k]vX-a© kI-em-kvtX-jzw-{Ln-hr≤ym {Iam¬. ]q¿Æw ]iyXn k]vX-aw N kI-em-x ˛ F√m- {Kl߃°pw Ggntebv°p ]q¿ÆZrjvSnbp≠v. iucy B-⁄m- c-hntPm -˛ inbv°v 3, 10 Kpcpx Kpcp-kpXu ˛ Kpcp-hnv 9, 5, `ua -NXp¿∞ AjvSau ˛ IpPv 4, 8. F∂nßs hntijZrjvSnIfp≠v. Aw-{Ln-hr≤ym {Iam¬ ˛ ]mZhr≤n{IaØn¬ (]mZZrjvSnbpap≠v.) 1) km[mcW ZrjvSnbpw hntijZr-jvSn-bpw F√m- {Kl߃°pw Ggn-te-bv°p≈ ]q¿Æ-Zr-jvSn-bv°p ]pdsa in (3˛10), Kpcp (5˛9), IpP≥ (4˛8) F∂nßs hntijZr-jvSn-bpap≠v. hnti-j-Zr-jvSnbpw ]q¿Æ-Zr- jvSn-bm-Wv. Hcp `mhØn¬ n¬°p∂ {KlØnv as‰mcp`mhØntebv°p≈ ZrjvSn kmamy ambn ]d™XmWv. tcJmwiØn¬ n∂pw tcJmwiØntebv°mWv ZrjvSn hcp∂Xv. AXmbXv˛˛ {Klw ZrjvSn tcJmwiw 1. kqcy≥ 7 180 2. N{μ≥ 7 180 3. IpP≥ 4, 7, 8 90, 180, 210 4. _p[≥ 7 180 5. hymgw 5, 7, 9 120,180, 240 6. ip{I≥ 7 180 7. in 3, 7, 10 60, 180, 270
  • 51. ^eZo]nI 46 DZmlcWw: IpPkv^pSw 0˛5˛0 (taSw 5) BsW¶n¬ 7˛tebv°p≈ ZrjvSn hcpI 185 Un{Knbntebv°v (Xpemw 5 tebv°v) BWv. hmkvXhØn¬ 185 Un{KnbpsS 15 Un{Kn A∏pdtØbv°pw 15 Un{Kn C∏pdtØbv°pw am{XamWv ZjvSn hcp∂Xv.. AXmbXv, XpemØn¬ 20 Un{Kn°∏pdw n¬°p∂ {KlØnp IpPZrjvSn C√. 2) ]mZZrjvSn Aw-{Ln-hr≤ym {Iam¬ ˛ ]mZ-hr≤n Ap-k-cn®v Ah-bpsS ZrjvSn-bpsS Ap-]m-Xhpw Im¬ (3˛-10), Ac (5˛9), ap°m¬ (4˛8) F∂ {IaØn¬ h¿≤n®phcp∂p. 1, 2, 6, 11, 12 `mhßfntebv°v Hcp Xcw ZrjvSnbpan√. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 kqcy≥ ˛ ˛ 1 /4 3 /4 1 /2 ˛ 1 3 /4 1 /2 1 /4 ˛ ˛ N{μ≥ ˛ ˛ 1 /4 3 /4 1 /2 ˛ 1 3 /4 1 /2 1 /4 - - IpP≥ ˛ ˛ 1 /4 1 1 /2 ˛ 1 1 1 /2 1 /4 - - _p[≥ ˛ ˛ 1 /4 3 /4 1 /2 ˛ 1 3 /4 1 /2 1 /4 - - Kpcp ˛ ˛ 1 /4 3 /4 1 ˛ 1 3 /4 1 1 /4 ˛ ˛ ip{I≥ ˛ ˛ 1 /4 3 /4 1 /2 ˛ 1 3 /4 1 /2 1 /4 - - in ˛ ˛ 1 3 /4 1 /2 - 1 3 /4 1 /2 1 - - (24) kqcym-tZ-c-bw £tWm Zn-ar-Xp¿Ωm-k› ]£-»c˛ Zzn{]-»p-{I-Kpcp chn-£n-Xn-kpXu N{μu _pt[m f ¥y»nx {]mlp¿ -Xz-c-P-kvX-amwkn iin-Kp¿h¿°mx Ihn⁄u ]tc {Kojvam-Z¿°-IpPu iio iin-kptXm Poh-»-n¿`m¿§hx. Ime-n¿Æbw kqcym-tZx ˛ -kqcy≥ apXemb {Klßsfs°m≠p Nn¥n t°≠Xv: kqcy≥ Abw ˛ 6 amkw, N{μ≥ £W ˛ 2 mgnI, IpP≥ Zn- ˛ 1 Znhkw, _p[≥ EXp ˛ 2 amkw, hymgw ˛ 1 am-kw, ip{I≥ ]£-w ˛ 15 Znhkw, in icx ˛ 1 h¿jw.
  • 52. A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 47 h¿Æw: hn{]- ip-{I-Kpcp, ˛ ip{Ipw Kpcphpw {_m“W¿, chn-£n-Xn-kpXu, ˛ kqcypw IpPpw £{Xnb¿ Nt{μm_pt[m, ˛ N{μpw _p[pw sshiy¿ A¥yx inx ˛ in A¥yP≥ (NmXp¿h¿WyØnse AhkmsØ PmXn, iq{Z≥). hymJymt`Zw: _p[≥˛iq{Z≥, in˛A¥yP≥, Ah¿Æ≥ KpWw: k-Xz -c-P- X-amwkn ˛ kmXznIw cmPknIw XmaknIw F∂o {XnKpW߃°v {IaØn¬, iin -Kpcp A¿°mx ˛ N{μpw Kpcphpw kqcypw (kmXznIw), Ihn ⁄u ˛ ip{Ipw _p[pw (cmPknIw), ]tc ˛ a‰p≈h¿ (IpPpw inbpw: XmaknIw) EXp°ƒ: {Kojvam-Xv ˛ {Kojvaw XpSßnb Bdp EXp°fpsS ImcI∑-m¿: A¿°-IpPu ˛ kqcypw IpPpw, ({Kojvaw), iio ˛ N{μ≥ (h¿jw), iin-kptXm ˛ _p[≥ (icXv), Pohx ˛ hymgw (tla¥w), in ˛ (inincw), `m¿Kh ˛ ip{I≥ (hk¥w) Imew, h¿Æw, KpWw, EXp (]´nI cq]Øn¬) {Klw Imew h¿Æw KpWw EXp 1. kqcy≥ 6 amkw £{Xnb kmXznIw {Kojvaw 2. N{μ≥ 2 mgnI sshiy kmXznIw h¿jw 3. IpP≥ 1 Znhkw £{Xnb Xma-knIw {Kojvaw 4. _p[≥ 2 amkw sshiy cmP-knIw icXv 5. hymgw 1 amkw {_m“W≥ kmXznIw tla¥w 6. ip{I≥ 15 Znhkw {_m“-W≥ cmPknIw hk¥w 7. in 1 h¿jw iq{Z≥ Xma-knIw inincw
  • 53. ^eZo]nI 48 (25) XmXmwt_ chn-`m¿§hu Znhn nin {]m`m-I-co-μp -kvarXu XZvhy-kvtX ]nXrhy-amXr`Kn-o-kw⁄m XZm XZv{Iam¬ hmam-£o-μp-cntm f yZ£n IYntXm `uax In-jvTm-ptPm Pothm tPyjvTktlm-Z-c-»-in-kptXm ZØm-flPx kw⁄n-Xx. _‘pImcIXzhpw t{XImcIXzhpw 1. XmXmwt_ ˛ A—pw AΩbpw, ({IaØn¬) chn-`m¿§hu ˛ kqcypw ip{Ipw, Znhn ˛ ]I¬. -- nin ˛ cm{Xnbn¬, {]m`m-I-co-μp - ˛ inbpw N{μpw, 2. XZv hykvtX, ]nXrhy -amXr`Kn-o- kw⁄m.... ˛ ]nXmhns‚ ktlmZcpw amXmhns‚ ktlmZcnbpw (hn]coXambpw {IaØnepw), 3. hmam-£n Cμp ˛ N{μ≥ CSXp IÆv, Ctm AyXv A£n ˛ kqcy≥ heXp IÆv 4. `uax In-jvTm-ptPm ˛ IpP≥ ApP≥, Pothm tPyjvTktlm-Z-c˛hymgw tPyjvT≥, iin-kptXm ZØm-flP ˛ _p[≥ ZØp]p{X≥. {Klw ]I¬ cm{Xn F√mbvt∏mgpw kqcy≥ ]nXmhv ]nXrktlmZc≥ heXp IÆv in ]nXrktlmZc≥ ]nXmhv .... N{μ≥ amXrktlmZcn amXmhv CSXp IÆv ip{I≥ amXmhv amXrktlmZcn . ... IpP≥ ˛ ˛ CfbktlmZc≥ _p[≥ ˛ ˛ ZØp]p{X≥ Kpcp ˛ ˛ tPyjvTktlmZc≥ (26) tZtlm tZln lna-cp-Nn-cn--kvXzn-{μn-bm--Wym-c-]q¿hm BZn-Xy-Zzn-UvKp-fn-I-in-Jn-kvXky ]oUm-Icmx kypx K‘x kutaym `rKp-P-i-inu Zzu cku kqcy-`uau cq]u i_vtZm Kpcp-cY ]tc kv]¿i-kw⁄mx {]Zn-jvSm-x
  • 54. A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 49 tZlw, tZln tZtlm tZln lna-cp-Nn- C ˛ N{μ≥ tZl (icoc)ImcI≥, kqcy≥ tZln (Bfl) ImcI≥, C{μnbm--Wn Bc-]q¿hm ˛ IpP≥ XpS-ßn-b (A©p) {Kl߃ C{μnb߃, Kp-fn-I -in-Jn- Xky ]oUm-Icmx kypx ˛ Kpfn-Ipw cmlp-tI-Xp-°fpw iey-Im-cn-I-fp-am-Ip-∂p. K‘ ck cq] i_vZ kv]¿i Imc-IXzw K‘x kutaym ˛ _p[≥ K‘-Im-c-I-pw, `rKp-P -i-inu Zzu cku ˛ ip{Ipw N{μpw ck-Im-c-I-∑m-cpw, kqcy-`uau cq]u ˛ kqcypw IpPpw cq]-Im-c-I-∑m-cpw, i_vtZm Kpcp- AY ˛ Kpcp i_vZImc-Ipw, ]tc kv]¿i- ˛ a‰p {Kl-߃ (a, k, in) kv]¿i- Im-c-I-cp-am-Ip-∂p. (27) £otWμz¿°-Ip-Pm-ln-tI-Xp-c-hnPmx ]m]- -]m-]-›-hnXv ¢o_mx tIXp-_p-[m¿°-Pm-x iinX-ax -ip-{Im-x kv{Xntbm f ty cmx cp{Zmw_m Kpl -hn-jvWp -[m-Xr- I-a-em- Im-em-lyPm tZh-Xm˛  qcym-Zy-·n- `q-an- J -]-tbm- hm-bzm-fl-Imx -kyp¿{Klmx. {Kl-ß-fpsS ip`]m]Xzw £otWμp ˛ £oW-N-{μ≥, A¿° ˛ kqcy≥, IpP≥, ˛ IpP≥ Aln ˛ cmlp, tIXp, ˛ tIXp c-hnPmx ˛ in, ]m] ˛ Ch¿ ]m]-∑m-cm-Ip∂p, k]m] N -hnXv ˛ ]m]-tm-Sp-Iq-Snb _p[pw (]m]-m-Ip-∂p.) ip`≥ ]m]≥ 1. ]£_eap≈ N{μ≥ 1. kqcy≥ 2. ]m]tbmKan√mØ _p[≥ 2. ]£_ean√mØ N{μ≥ 3. Kpcp 3. IpP≥ 4. ip{I≥ 4. ]m]tbmKap≈ _p[≥ 5. in 6. cmlp 7. tIXp
  • 55. ^eZo]nI 50 ssk¿§nI]m]∑-m¿: ]m]∑-m¿ F∂p s]mXphmbn ]dbptºmƒ kqcy≥, IpP≥, in F∂o aq∂p {Kl߃ am{Xta AXn¬ s]Sp∂p≈q. F∂m¬ kqcys‚ ASpØpn¬°ptºmƒ N{μpw ]m]∑-mcpsSIqsS n¬°ptºmƒ _p[pw ]m]cmbnamdp∂p. N{μs‚ ]£_ew: kqcypambp≈ AI¬®bpw ASp∏hpamWv N{μs‚ ip`]m]Xzw n¿Æbn°p∂Xv. kqcyn¬n∂pw G‰hpw AIse n¬°p∂ N{μ≥ (]q¿ÆN{μ≥) ip`mWv. IdpØ hmhp Ign™v F´mw ZnhkwapX¬°mWv N{μs‚ ]£_ew Bcw`n°p∂Xv. shfpØ hmhn≥mfn¬ AXp ]q¿Æ amIpw. AhnSp∂tßm´v _ew Ipdbm≥ XpSßpw. shfpØ hmhv Ign™v GgmwmfmIptºmtgbv°pw AXp Xosc C√mXmIpw. shfpØ]£w AjvSan apX¬ N{μp sK‰ohv _eamWv. Cdßn Cdßn N{μ≥ IdpØ hmhnseØptºmƒ (kqcys‚ G‰hpw ASpØv FØptºmƒ) qdp iXamhpw ]m]^eamIpw. ASpØ ZnhkwapX¬ Ib‰w Bcw`n°pw. F´mw Znhkw ip`XzØntebv°p IS°pw. (Aamhmkn˛]u¿ÆanIfpsS tPymXn »mkv{XXXzw Adn™m¬ C°mcyw IqSpX¬ hy‡amIpw.) _p[s‚ ]m]Xzw _p[≥ kzXth ip`mWv. F∂m¬ _p[≥ n¬°p∂ AtX cminbn¬ ]m]{Klßfmb kqcy≥, IpP≥, in Chcn¬ Bsc¶nepw IqsS n¬∏ps≠¶n¬ _p[≥ ]m]mIpw. kv{Xo, ]p-cpj≥, ]pwkIw ¢o_mx tIXp- _p-[ A¿°-Pm-x ˛ tIXp-, _p-[≥, in Ch¿ ]pw-kIßfpw, iin X-a ip-{Im-x kv{Xntbm ˛ N-{μ≥, cm-lp, ip{I≥ Ch¿ kv{XoIfpw, Aty cmx ˛ a‰p-≈-h¿ (kq-cy≥, IpP≥, Kpcp) ]pcp-j-{K-l-ß-fp-am-Ip-∂p. {Kl-ß-fpsS tZhXIƒ cp{Z ˛ inh≥, Aw_m ˛ {io]m¿hXn, Kpl ˛ kp{_-“-Wy≥, - hnjvWp, - [m-Xr ˛ {_“mhv, - I-a-e ˛ alme£van, Ime ˛ b-a≥, Aln ˛ k¿∏w, APm ˛ amb.
  • 56. A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 51 ]©`qXImcIXzw kqcymXv ˛ kqcy≥ apX-¬°v, A·n,`q-an-,J,BImi,-]-b ˛ Pew, hm-bp F∂o ]©-`q-X-ßfpsS Imc-I-Xzhpw. {Klw enwKw- tZ-hX ]©`qXw 1. kqcy≥ ]pcp-j≥ inh≥ A·n 2. N{μ≥ kv{Xo ]m¿h-Xn Pew 3. IpP≥ ]pcp-j≥ kp{_-“-Wy≥ A·n 4. _p[≥ ]pw-kIw hn-jvWp `qan 5. Kpcp ]pcp-j≥ {_“m-hv. BImiw 6. ip{I≥ kv{Xo e£van Pew 7. in ]pw-kIw ba≥ hmbp 8. cmlp kv{Xo k¿∏w ˛ 9 tIXp ]pw-kIw ambmtZhn ˛ (28) tKm[qaw X¨Upew ssh Xne-N-W-I-Ipep∞mV-Iiym-a-apZvKm˛ ∂njv]m-hm- am-j-a¿t°-μz-kn-X-Kp-cp-in-Jn{Iqc-hn-Zv`r-Kz-lox t`mKo-m¿°ym-c-Po-h-⁄-i-in-inJn-kn-tXjzw_-cmJyw IenwKw kucm-jv{Sm-h¥n kn‘q≥ kpa-K-[-b-h-m≥ ]¿h-Xm≥ IoISmw›. [m-y-ßfpw ]b-dp-h¿§-ß-fpw A¿t° ˛ kqcyv tKm[qaw ˛ tKmXºv Cμp ˛ N{μv X¨Upew ˛ Acn Akn-X ˛ in°v Xne ˛ F≈v Kp-cp ˛ hymgØnv N-W-I ˛ ISe in-Jn ˛ tIXphnv Ipep∞ ˛ apXnc {Iqc ˛ IpPv BV-Io ˛ Xphc hnZv ˛ _p[v iym-a- ˛ Nma `rKp ˛ ip{Iv ap-ZvKm ˛ sNdp-]-b¿ Aln ˛ cmlphnv am-jw ˛ Dgp∂v tZiImc-IXzw {Klw tZiw t`mKo ˛ cmlp Aw_cw C≥ ˛ kqcy≥ IenwKw A¿°n ˛ in kucmjv{Sw Bc ˛ IpP≥ Ah¥n
  • 57. ^eZo]nI 52 Poh ˛ hymgw kn‘p ⁄ ˛ _p[≥ aK[ iio ˛ N{μ≥ bhw inJn tIXp ]¿hXw knX ˛ ip{I≥ IoISw (29) amWn-Iy-w XctWx kp[m-cy-a-aew ap‡m-^ew ioX-tKm¿˛ Ωmtl-bky N hn{Zpaw ac-IXw kuayky Kmcp-flXw tZth-Uyky N ]pjycm-K-a-kp-cmam-Xyky h{Pw it¿˛ oew n¿Ω-ea-ytbm› KZntX tKmta-Zssh-Uq-cy-tI. cXvImc-IXzw 1. amWn-Iy-w XctWx ˛ kqcyv amWnIyw 2. kp[m-cy-w Aaew ap‡m-^ew ioX-Kp ˛ N{μv apØv 3. amtl-bky N hn{Zpaw ˛ IpPv ]hngw 4. ac-IXw kuayky ˛ _p[v ac-XIw 5. Kmcp-flXw tZth-Uyky ]pjycm-K-w ˛ hymgØnv ]pjycmKw 6. Akp-cmam-Xyky sshcw ˛ ip{Iv h{Pw 7. itx oew n¿Ωew ˛ in°v C{μoew Aytbm N KZntX tKmta-Zssh-Uq-cy-tI. 8. cmlphnv ˛ tKmta[w 9. tIXphnv ˛ sshUqcyw (30) Xm{ax Imwkyw [mXp-Xm{aw {X]p- ymXv kz¿Æw cu]yw Nmbkw `mkvI-cmtZx hkv{Xw XØ-Zz¿Æ-bp‡w hntijmXv Po¿Æw aμ-kym-·n-ZKv[w IpP-ky. temlImc-IXzw (Xm{ax Imwkyw....) `mkvI-cmtZx ˛ kqcy≥ apX-em-b-h¿°v 1. kqcy≥ ˛ Xm{ax - ˛ sNºv 2. N{μ≥ ˛ Imwkyw ˛ Iq´p-temlw 3. IpP≥ ˛ [mXp-, Xm{aw ˛ [mXp{Zhyw, sNºv
  • 58. A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 53 4. _p[≥ ˛ {X]p ˛ Cøw 5. hymgw ˛ kz¿Æw ˛ kz¿Æw 6. ip{I≥ ˛ cu]yw ˛ sh≈n 7. in ˛ Bbkw ˛ Ccpºv hkv{XImc-IXzw hkv{Xw XØXv h-¿Æ-bp‡w ˛ Hmtcm {KlØnpw ]d-™n-´p≈ nd-Øn-ep≈ hkv{X-߃, hntijmXv Po¿Æw aμ-ky ˛ hntijn®pw in Po¿Æn® hkv{X Ønt‚bpw, A-·n-ZKv[w IpP-ky ˛ IpP≥ Xo ]nSn® (IØnb) hkv{X Øn-s‚bpw Imc-I-∑m-cm-Ip-∂p. (31) `mtmx ISp¿`q-an-kp-Xky Xn‡w emh-Wy-an-tμm-cY N{μ-Pky an{io-IrXw b∑-[pcw KptcmkvXp ip{Iky Nmæ© itx Ijm-bx. ck-Im-c-IXzw `mtmx ISpx ˛ kqcy≥ ISp-c-kw, `q-an- kp-Xky Xn‡w ˛ IpP≥ Ibv]v, emh-Wy-w C-tμm ˛ N{μ≥ D∏v, N{μ-Pky an{io-IrXw ˛ _p[≥ an{iw, a-[pcw Kptcmx ˛ hymgw a[pcw, ip{Iky Aæw ˛ ip{I≥ ]pfn, itx Ijm-bx ˛ in Ijmbw (Nh¿∏v). {Klw hkv{Xw ckw 1. kqcy≥ Imhn ISp-c-kw, 2. N{μ≥ sh≈ D∏v 3. IpP≥ NpI∏v, Xo-]n-Sn-®X v. Ibv∏v 4. _p[≥ ]® an{ickw 5. hymgw a™ a[pcw 6. ip{I≥ sh≈ Aæw 7. in Po¿Æn-®, IdpØ, Ijmbw
  • 59. ^eZo]nI 54 (32) `mkzZv Kojv]Xn N{μP £nXn-`phmw kym±-£ntWemRvOw tijm-Wm-an-X-c{X Xn‹-In-c-Wm¬ ISymw incx ]rjvTtbmx It£w f tk hZt N kIvYn-N-ctW Nn”w hbmw-ky¿°tXm tta, Zm, XSw, Jw, K, kn,- ⁄m-m-Vy, ·m-S-w. ASbmf߃ `mkzZv ˛ kqcy≥, Kojv]Xn ˛ hymgw, N{μP ˛ _p[≥, £nXn-`phw ˛ IpP≥, kymXv Z£ntW ˛ Ch-bv°p heXp hiØpw tijm-Wm-w CX-c A{X Xn‹IncWm¬ ˛- _m°n-bp-≈-hbv°p (N{μ≥, ip{I≥, in, cmlp, tIXp) CSXp hiØpw, em©w ˛ AS-bm-f-߃ D≠m-Ipw. ISymw ˛ kqcyv Ac-bnepw, incx ˛ N{μp inc- nepw, ]rjvTtbmx ˛ IpPp ]rjvT-`m-KØpw, It£ ˛ _p[p I£-Ønepw, Awtk ˛ hymg-Ønp tXmfnepw, hZt ˛ ip{Ip apJØpw, kIvYn N-ctW ˛ in°p XpSbnepw ]mZ-Ønepw, Nn”w ˛ AS-bm-f-߃ D≠m-Ipw. {Klw hiw Ahbhw 1. kqcy≥ heXv Ac-bn¬ -- 2. N{μ≥ CSXv inc- n¬ -- 3. IpP≥ heXv ]rjvT-`m-KØv / ]n∂n¬ 4. _p[≥ heXv I£-Øn¬ -- 5.hygw heXv tXmfn¬ -- 6. ip{I≥ CSXv apJØv 7. in CSXv XpSbnepw ]mZ-Ønepw {Kl߃ kqNn∏n°p∂ {]mbw ....hbmw-ky¿°tXm tta, Zm, XSw, Jw, K, kn,- ⁄m-m-Vy, ·m-S-w.
  • 60. A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 55 hbmw-kn A¿°tXm ˛ kqcy≥ apX¬°p≈hcpsS hb v (A£ckwJybn¬): A£-c-kwJy {Klw hb v tta - --˛ 05 - ˛ 50. kqcy≥ 50 Zm ˛ 80 ˛ 08 N{μ≥ 8 XSw 61 ˛ 16 IpP≥ 16 Jw ˛ 02 ˛ 20 _p[≥ 20 K ˛ 03 ˛ 30 hymgw 30 kn ˛ 70 ˛ 07 ip{I≥ 7 ⁄m-m-Vy, 001 in 100 ·m-S-w. 001 cmlp 100 (IS-]-bmZn A£-c-kwJybv°v Ap_‘w ˛ 1 ImWpI) (33) oe-Zyp-Xn¿±o¿L-Xpx Iph¿Æx ]mao N ]mj-WvU-a-X- -ln°x Ak-Xy-hmZo I]So N cmlpx IpjvTo ]cm-∂n-μXn _p≤n-lo-x. cmlpkzcq]w oe-Zyp-Xn ˛ oe ndw, Zo¿L-Xpx ˛ o≠ (Dbcap≈) ico-c-w, Iph¿Æx ˛ IogvPmXn, ]mao ˛ - XzIv tcmK-ß-ƒ D≈h≥, ]mj-WvU-a-X-x ˛ nco-iz-c-aX°mc≥, kl C°x ˛ C°nƒ, Ak-Xy-hmZo ˛ pW-b≥, I]So ˛ Im]-Sy°mc≥, IpjvTo ˛ IpjvTtcmKn, ]cm-≥ nμXn ˛ a‰p≈-hsc nμn-°p-∂-h≥, _p≤n-lo-x ˛ _p≤niqy≥. (34) ct‡m-{K-Zr-jvSn¿hn-j-hm-Kp-Z-{K˛ tZlx kikv{Xx ]Xn-X› tIXpx [q{a-Zyp-Xn¿[q-a] Gh nXyw {hWm¶n-Xmw-K› Irtim riw-kx.
  • 61. ^eZo]nI 56 tIXp-kz-cq]w ct‡m-{K-Zr-jvSn ˛ Nph∂ D{K-amb IÆp-Iƒ, hn-j-hm-Iv ˛ hnjw han-°p∂ hm°v, DZ-{KtZl ˛ henb ico-cw, k-ikv{Xx ˛ Bbp-[-[m-cn, ]Xn-X› - ˛ {`jvS≥, [q{a-Zyp-Xn¿ ˛ I-dp∏pw NpI∏pw tN¿∂ ndw, [q-a] Gh nXyw- ˛ ]pI han°p∂-h≥, - hWmw-In-Xmw-K› ˛ apdn-∏m-Sp≈ AhbtØmSpIqSnbh≥. Irtim ˛ saen™h≥, riw-kx - ˛ {Iqc≥ (35) kokw N Po¿Æ-h-kw Xa-kkvXp tItXm¿˛ arZv`m-Pw hnhn-[-Nn-{X-]Sw {]ZnjvSw an{XmWn hn—-n-kn-Xm-kvX-a-tkm¿Zz-tbmkvXp `ua tam nK-ZntXm cn]p-h› tijmx. cmlp tIXp°fpsS ]m{Xw, hkv{Xw Xa-kx kokw N Po¿Æ-h-kw ˛ cmlphnv Cø-∏m-{Xhpw Po¿Æ- hkv{Xhpw, tItXmx arZv`m-Pw hnhn-[-Nn-{X-]Sw ˛ tIXp-hnv a¨]m-{X-hpw Nn{Xßfp≈ (]e ndßfp≈) hkv{Xhpw. cmlp tIXp°fpsS an{X-i-{Xp-°ƒ an{XmWn hnXv in- kn-Xm- X-a-tkmx Zz-tbmx ˛ Ombm-{K-l-߃ c≠npw (cmlptIXp °ƒ°v) _p[≥, in, ip{I≥ F∂n-h¿- an{X-ßfpw, `ua- ktam ˛ IpP≥ kapw, cn]p-h› tijmx ˛ ti-jn-®h i{Xp-°-fp-am-Ip-∂p. cmlp-tI-Xp-°-fpsS an{X-i{Xp {Kl-߃. _p[≥, ip{I≥, in, ˛ an{X-߃. kqcy≥, N{μ≥, hymgw ˛ i{Xp-°ƒ IpP≥ ˛ ka≥
  • 62. A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 57 (36) aqtVm f ]n o-N-cn-]p-tKm f jvS-a-j-Uvhy-b-tÿm Zpxÿx kvartXm `hXn kpÿ CXo-X-c- ymXv Nt{μ hybm-b-X-p-j-Svkp-X-Im-a-kwtÿ tXmbm-`n-hr-≤n-anl iwkXn hr≤n-Im-tcy. {Kl߃ ZpÿnXcmIp∂sXt∏mƒ aqV ˛ auVy-ap≈ {Klw-, o-N- ˛ Xs‚ oN-cm-in-bn¬ n¬°p∂ {Klw, cn-]p-K ˛ Xs‚ i{Xp-t£-{X-Øn¬ n¬°p∂ {Klw, A-jvS-a- jUv hybÿ ˛ F´v, Bdv, ]{¥≠v `mh-ß-fn¬ n¬°p-∂- {Kl-߃, Zpxÿx `hXn kvarX ˛ Chsc√mw Zpÿn-X-sc-∂-dn-bpI. kpÿ CXn CX-cx kymXv ˛ a‰p {Kl-ß-sf√mw kpÿ-cpw B-Ip∂p. ÿnXnsIm≠v {]XnIqeamIp∂ {Kl߃ 1. auVyw: kqcys‚ ASpØv Hcp {]tXyI]cn[n°p≈nseØptºmgmWv {Kl߃°p auVyw F∂ _e°pdhv D≠mIp∂Xv. N{μ≥ -˛ 12T IpP≥ ˛ 17T _p[≥ 14T hymgw ˛ 11T ip{I≥ ˛ 10T in 16T kqcys‚ 17T Un{Kn ]cn[n°p≈n¬ (kqcys‚ A∏pdhpw C∏pdhpw) IpPp auVyap≠v. CXpt]mse a‰p≈h¿°pw Ah¿°p tsc ]d™ ]cn[n°p≈n¬ auVyap≠v. IpP≥, _p[≥, ip{I≥ F∂o aq∂p {Kl߃ h{IØn emsW ¶n¬ sNdnb hyXymkap≈Xmbpw ImWp∂p. h{IØnemsW¶n¬ IpPpw ip{Ipw 8T hscbpw _[p 12T hscbpw kqcys‚ ASpØp sN√mw. Kpcphn pw in°pw Cu hyXykw ImWp∂n√. N{μpw kqcys‚ 12 Un{Kn ]cn[n°p≈n¬ _e°pdhp≠v. F¶nepw AXp ]£_eØns‚ IW°n¬ hcp∂Xnm¬ auVyØnp thsd _e°pdhv FSp°mdn√. 2. oNÿnXn: A≤ymbw t«mIw ¬ {KlßfpsS oNÿm߃ ]d™n´p≠t√m. B ÿmßfpsS (tcJmwißfpsS) A∏pdØpw C∏pdØpw GItZiw 15T hsc oNØns‚ tZmjw ImWpw. {Klkv^pShpw oNÿmhpw XΩnep≈ ASp∏hpw AI¬®bpw {Kl_esØ Bp]mXnIambn _m[n°p∂p.
  • 63. ^eZo]nI 58 3. i{Xpt£{XÿnXn: A≤ymbw t«mIw ]d™n´p≈ {KlßfpsS an{X˛i{Xp_‘wXs∂bmWv CXnSnÿmw. N{μv i{Xp°fn√mØ Xnm¬ N{μs‚ t£{Xamb I¿°SIw B¿°pw i{Xpt£{Xa√. F∂m¬ _p[s kw_‘n®nStØmfw N{μ≥ i{XphmIbm¬ _p[t£{Xßfmb anYphpw I∂nbpw N{μp i{Xpt£{XßfpamWv. (BYntXbs‚ atm `mhamWv {][msa∂¿∞w). 4. ZpÿmÿnXn: ^eZo]nI Apkcn®v 6-˛8˛12 `mh-ß-ƒ Zpÿmßfpw AhnsS n¬°p∂ ip`{Kl߃ Xo¿Øpw Zp¿∫ecpamWv. PmXIN{μnI Apkcn®v 3˛6˛11 ÿmßfpw ZpÿmßfmWv. H∂pIqSn hy‡ambn ]dbpIbmsW¶n¬ 3˛6˛11 `mhßfn¬ kqcy≥, IqP≥, in, cmlp, tIXp F∂o ]m]∑-m¿ ApIqe^ew ¬Ipw. F´n¬ _p[pw ip{Ipw ]{¥≠n¬ ip{I≥am{XhpamWv. ApIqeambn hcp∂Xv. ÿnXnsIm≠v ApIqeamIp∂ {Kl߃ ta¬∏d™ mep XcØn¬s∏´ {Kl-߃ Zpxÿ-cpw (ÿn-Xn-sIm≠v Ap-Iq-e-a- √mØ-hbpw) ^e-Zm--hn-j-b-Øn¬ {]Xn-Iq-e-hp-amWv. A√m-Øh (AXm-bXv Cu tZmj- ߃ C√m-Øh) kpÿcpw AXp-Im-cWw A-p-Iq-e-cpw BIp-∂p. H∂pIqSn hy‡am°pIbmsW¶n¬ tZmjßsfm∂p ans√¶n¬ hn]coX^ew D≠mIpIbn√ Ft∂bp≈q. ip`^eap≠mIW sa¶n¬ D®w aqe{XtImWw, kzt£{Xw, an{Xt£{Xw XpSßnb ApIqecminIfnep≈ ÿnXn BhiyamWv. N{μpw thentb‰hpw ....Nt{μ hybm-b-X-p-j-Svkp-X-Im-a-kwtÿ tXmbm-`n-hr-≤n-anl iwkXn hr≤n-Im-tcy. Nt{μ ˛ N{μ≥ hyb ˛ 12 Bb ˛ 11 - X-p ˛ 1- j-Sv ˛ 6 kp-X- ˛ 5 Im-a ˛ 7 (F∂o ÿmßfn¬) kwtÿ ˛ n∂m¬ tXmbm-`n-hr-≤n-anl iwkXn hr≤n-Im-tcy...˛ hr≤nImcyØn¬ Pehr≤n ]dbWw.
  • 64. A≤ymbw 2. ({Klt`Zm≤ymbw) 59 kwKXn H‰ hcnbn¬ HXp°nbt∏mgp≠mb Ahy‡XImcWamImw ]ecpw ]e XcØnemWv CXp hymJymn®ncn°p∂Xv. (1) “thentb‰w D≠m°pw ” F∂p mWp]n≈ Bim≥. (2) CXntmSp tbmPn®psIm≠v sNdph≈n “tcmK£bmZn hnjb߃°v thentb‰w KpWas√∂pw CXpsIm≠v AdnbpIbpw thWw.” F∂p IqSn tN¿Øncn°p∂p. (3) “If there be a query whether water in a reservoir ( or in an irrigation project) will increase or decrease, increase in water should be predicted if the Moon be in the 12th, 11th, 1st, 6th, 5th or the 7th house at the time of the qyery”. -- G.S.Kapoor PmXI^ehpambn _‘s∏SpØmhp∂ GtXm Hcp kwlnXmnbaw kqNn∏n°pI am{XamWv at{¥izc≥ ChnsS sNbvXn´p≈Xv. AXv GXmsW∂v Is≠Ønbmte Cu {]ivØnsmcp ]cnlmcamIq. (37) A¥- m-c-k-ap-∂-X-{Zp-ccptWm h√o kntXμq kvarXu Kp¬ax tIXp-c-ln› I≠-I-Ku `uam¿°Pu Io¿ØnXu hmKo-i- -^-temf^-ex -i-in-kptXm £oc-{]-kq--{Zpau ipt{I-μq-hn-[p-tcm-j-[o-»-n-c-km-cm-Km› kme-{Zp-ax. hr£-mZn Im-c-IXzw A¥- m-c- k-ap-∂-X -{Zp- AcptWm˛ kqcyv ImX-ep≈ h∑-c-߃, h√o kntXμq kvarXu ˛ ip{Ipw N{μpw eX-Iƒ, Kp¬ax tIXp- Aln N ˛ cmlphpwtIXphpw ]p¬s°mSnIƒ, I≠-I-Ku `uam¿°Pu ˛ IpPpw inbpw ap≈p≈ ac-߃, hmKo-i- k-^-tem ˛ hymgw Imbv°p∂ hr£-߃, A-^-te i-in-kptXm ˛ _p[≥ Imbv°mØ acßfptSbpw, £oc-{]-kq--{Zpau ipt{I-μq- ˛ ]mepw ]qhpw D≈ ac߃ ip{Ipw, N{μpw, hn-[p Hm-j-[o- ˛ N{μ≥ Huj[nIƒ, in- A-km-cm-Km› kme-{Zp-ax ˛ inImXen√mØ acßfpw,]Ifpw.
  • 65. ^eZo]nI 60 ]´nI 1. kqcy≥ ˛ ImX-ep≈ h∑-c-߃, 2. N{μ≥ ˛ eX-Iƒ, ]mepw ]qhpw D≈ ac߃, Huj[nIƒ 3. IpP≥ ˛ ap≈p≈ ac-߃ 4. _p[≥ ˛ Imbv°mØ ac߃ 5. hymgw ˛ Imbv°p∂ hr£-߃ 6. ip{I≥ ˛ eX-Iƒ, ]mepw ]qhpw D≈ ac߃ 7. in ˛ ap≈p≈ ac-߃, ImXen√mØ ac߃, ]Iƒ 8. cmlp ˛ ]p¬s°mSnIƒ 9. tIXp ˛ ]p¬s°mSnIƒ
  • 66. A≤ymbw 3 (h¿§hn`mKm≤ymbw) 61 A≤ymbw 3 h¿§ßfpw Awißfpw hnjbhnhcw t«mIw 1 Zi-h¿§w, h¿t§m-Øaw 2 k]vX-h¿§w, jUz¿§w, hmw-i^ew 3 h¿§-_ew, _memZn AhÿIƒ Zih¿§w hnhcWw 4 tlmc, t{Z°mWw, ZzmZ-imwiw, {Xnwimw-iw, hmwiw 5 jjvSywiw, 6 k]vXmwiw, Zimwiw, Iemwiw 7 {XtbmZih¿§w, DØamwiw XpSßnbh, ^e`mKw 8, 9 DØamwimZn ^ew 10 Zih¿§^ew, _memZn Ah-ÿm-^ew 11 jUz¿§^ew 12 tlmcm^ew e·Ønpw N{μpw _eaps≠¶n¬ ^ew {Xnwimwi^ew {]Zo-]vXmZn Ah-ÿIƒ 13, 14 t{Z°mWkzcq]w, ^ew 15 t{Z°mW˛{Xnwimwi˛ZzmZimwi˛tlmcmmY^e߃ 16 e·kwtim[w 17 N{μÿnXn^ew, {XnwimwiÿnXn^ew 18,19 {]Zo-]vXmZn Ah-ÿIƒ 20 {]Zo-]vXmZn Ah-ÿm^ew
  • 67. ^eZo]nI 62 h¿§_ew {Kl߃ XßfpsS Imc-I-Xzhpw `mhm-[n-]-Xyhpw Ap-k-cn-®p≈ ^ew Xcp- ∂Xv Ah-cpsS Zi, A]-lmcw XpS-ßnb Ime-b-f-hp-I-fn-em-Wv. Cßs Ah ¬Ip∂ ^e-ß-fpsS IpSpX¬°pdhpIƒ Adnbp-∂-Xn-mWv {Kl-_ew IW-°m-°p-∂-Xv. AXmbXv _ew Ap-k-cn-®mWv {Kl߃ -^ew ¬Ip-I. _e-an-s√-¶n¬ ^ehp-an-√. _ew IqSpw-tXmdpw ^e-Zm--ti-jnbpw IqSn hcpw. ( {Kl߃ GsX¶nepw hn[Øn¬ (DZm: e·m[n]≥) ApIqeambm¬ am{Xw t]mcm, Bhiyamb _ew IqSn Ds≠¶n te Ahbv°p t`Zs∏´ ^ew ¬ImmIq.) _ew Adn-bp-∂-Xnv ]e coXn-Iƒ ne-hn-ep-≠v. ChnsS BZyw ]d-bp-∂Xv h¿§- _-esØ°pdn-®m-Wv. h¿§_ew ImWp ∂Xnv jUvh¿§w, k]vXh¿§w, Zih¿§w, tjmUih¿§w F∂nßs ]e h¿§ßƒ nehnep≠v. _ew ImWp∂Xn pam{Xa√ ^e{]hNØnpw Ch D]tbmKn°mdp≠v. (1) t£{X- {Xn-`m-K- -h-`m-K -Z-imw-i- tlm-cm˛ {Xnwimw-i- k-]vX-e-h -j-jvSn-ehmx Iemwimx tX ZzmZ-imw-i-k-lnXm Zi-h¿§-kw⁄m h¿t§m-Øtam nP-ntP `ht hmw-ix. Hcp cminbpsS 30 Un{Knsb 1, 2, 3, 7, 9, 10, 12, 16, 30, 60 F∂nßs ]Øp hn[Øn¬ `mKn®p ]Øp h¿§ßfm°n b XmWv Zih¿§w. Zi-h¿§w 1. t£{Xw ˛ cmin 2. {Xn`mKw ˛ t{Z°m-Ww 3. h-`mKw ˛ hmw-iw 4. Zimw-iw 5. tlmcm 6. {Xnwimwiw 7. k]vXeh ˛ k]vXmwiw 8. jjvSnehm ˛ jjvSywiw 9. Iemwiw ˛ tjmU-imwiw 10. ZzmZ-imwiw
  • 68. A≤ymbw 3 (h¿§hn`mKm≤ymbw) 63 Zih¿§w ]´nI 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 cmin tlmc t{Z°m-W k]vXmw hmw-i Zimw-i ZzmZ-im Iemwi {Xnwimw jjvSywi 30/1 30/2 30/3 30/7 30/9 30/10 30/12 30/16 30/30 30/60 30T 15T 10T 4T ˛17’˛18 3T ˛20’ 3T 2T ˛30’ 1T ˛52’˛30” 1T 1/2T h¿t§m-Øaw h¿t§m-Øtam nP-ntP `ht hmw-ix ˛ {Klw n¬°p∂ cmin-bn¬ Xs∂ Awin- °p-∂-XmWv h¿t§m-Øaw. cminbn¬ CS-h-Øn¬ n¬°p∂ N{μ≥ hmw-i-Ønepw CS-h-Øn¬Xs∂ n∂m¬ AXp h¿t§m-Ø-a-am-bn. h¿t§m-Ø-aap≈ {Kl-Ønp _ew D≠v. (2) Zimw-ijjv-SywiIemw-i-lo-m˛ kvtX k]vX-h¿§m› hnk-]vX-amwimx jUz¿§-kw-⁄m-kvXzY cmin-`m-h˛ Xpeyw hmw-iky ^ew ln tINn-Xv. k]vX-h¿§w Zimw-i jjv-Sywi Iemw-i- lo-mx tX k]vX-h¿§mx ˛ Zi-h¿§-Øn¬ Zimw-iw, jjvSyw- iw, Iemwiw Ch-sbm-gn-®p-≈Xv k]vX-h¿§w. jUz¿§w hnk-]vX-amwimx jUz¿§-kw-⁄m-x ˛ k]vX-h¿§-Øn¬ n∂v k]vXmwiw Hgn-®p-≈Xv jUz¿§w. hnhn[h¿§ßƒ: Zih¿§w k]vXh¿§w jUv h¿§w 1. cmin 1. cmin 1. cmin 2. tlmc 2. tlmc 2. tlmc 3. t{Z°mWw 3. t{Z°mWw 3. t{Z°mWw 4. k]vXmwiw 4. k]vXmwiw .... 5. hmwiw 5. hmwiw 4. hmwiw 6. Zimwiw .... .... 7. ZzmZimwiw 6. ZzmZimwiw 5. ZzmZimwiw 9. Iemwiw .... .... 9. {Xnwimw 7. {Xnwimw 6. {Xnwimwiw 10. jjvSywiw .... ....
  • 69. ^eZo]nI 64 hmw-i^ew cmin-`m-hXpeyw hmw-iky ^ew ln tINn-Xv ˛ hmw-i-Ønv cmin°p Xpeyamb -{]m-[m- y-aps≠∂mWv Nne-cpsS A`n-{]m-bw. km[m-cW Hcp Xe-°p-dnbn¬ {Kl-ß-fpsS cminÿnXnbpw hmw-i-ÿn-Xnbpw sImSp-Øncn°pw. Ch c≠pw Xmc-Xayw sNbvXm¬ {Kl-_-e-Øns‚ Hcp GI-tZicq]w In´pw F∂mWp hnizmkw. hmwiw cmin-tb-°mfpw kq£vaamb `mK-am-b-Xn-m¬ hmwiÿnXn°v cmin-ÿn-Xn-tb-°mƒ {]m[m-y-aps≠∂pw Nne¿°`n{]mbap≠v. DZm-l- c-W-Ønv, Hcp PmX-I-Øn¬ ip{Is‚ cmin-ÿnXn oN-Ønepw hmw-i-ÿnXn D®-Øn-ep- am-Wv. D®-Ønse ^ew ]d-bWsa-∂mWv PmX-I-]m-cn-Pm-Xhpw am-km-K-cnbpw ]d-bp-∂-Xv. F∂m¬ Ap-`-h-Øn¬ D®-Øns‚ sa®tam oN-Øns‚ tZmjtam ImWp∂n√. ^ew icm- i-cn-bn¬ n¬°p-∂p. AXmbXv hmwiØnse √ ÿnXnsIm≠p am{Xambn√: {Kl_ewIqSn D≠mIWsa∂mWv Ap`hw. (3) t£t{Xjp ]q¿Æ-apZnXw ^e-ay h¿t§-˛ jz¿≤w Iem-Z-i-a-j-jvSn-e-thjp ]mZw _mex Ipamcx XcpWx {]hbm artXm jUv˛ `mssKx {Iam-ZypPn hn]-cy-ban-Xy-h-ÿm. h¿§-_ew t£t{Xjp ]q¿Æ-w D-ZnXw ˛ cmin-bn¬ ]q¿Æ^ew- ]d-b-s∏-Sp-∂p. ^ew Ay h¿t§jp A¿≤w ˛ a‰p h¿§-ßfn¬ ]Ip-Xn ^ew. Iem -Z-i-a -j-jvSn -e-thjp ]mZw ˛ Iemwiw, Zimw-iw, jjvSywiw Ch-bn¬ Im¬ ^ew. h¿§hpw _ehpw: cmin ˛ apgph≥, tlmc, t{Z°m-Ww, k]vXmwiw, hmw-iw, ZzmZ-imwiw, {Xnwimwi ˛ ]IpXn, Zimw-i Iemwiw jjvSywiw ˛ Im¬, _memZn AhÿIƒ _mex Ipamcx XcpWx {]hbm artXm jUv`mssKx {Iam-Xv AbpPn ˛ _meyw, Iuam-cw, buh-w, hm¿≤Iyw, acWw Cu {Ia-Øn¬ HmP-cm-in-bn¬ Bdp `mKIƒ hoXap≈ A©v AhÿIfp≠v hn]-cy-ban-Xy-h-ÿm ˛ bp‹-cm-in°p ac-Ww, hm¿≤Iyw, buh-w, Iuam-cw, _meyw Cu {Ia-ØnemWv Ah-ÿ-I-ƒ hcp-∂-Xv. *
  • 70. A≤ymbw 3 (h¿§hn`mKm≤ymbw) 65 (4) t£{X-kym¿≤w ln tlmcm- Xz-bpPn chn-kp-[mw˛ tizm -ta -hy-kvX-ta-XXv t{Z°mtWimkv{Xn-`m-ssK-kvX-p-kp-X-ip-`]m ZzmZimw-ikvXp e·mXv `uam¿°o-Uy⁄ip{Imx iinP ka-ehm tlymPt` bp‹t` XZv hykvXw {Xnwimw-i-mYmx {Inb-a-I-c-Xpem˛ I¿°-SmZym hmw-imx. (5) b⁄w cXv- Pw [w b-]Sw cq]w ebw tNSnw tlmcm tbmK-Jew _ew `K-in-Jm-[q-en¿∂hw {]kzw em`w hniz-Znhw [hw cW-[aw jjvSyw-i-Im-t›m-Pt` {IqcmJymx kat` hn]-cy-b-anZw tijmkvXp kuaym-lz-bmx. (6) kzmXv k]vXmw-i-Z-imw-iIu Xp hnjta bpt‹ Xp Imam-NvOp-`mXv kzm[o-im› Iemw-i]m hn[n-l-co˛ im¿°m- -a¿t£ f yYm JymssXx tImW-bp-ssX-kv{Xn-tIm-W-`-h kz¿t£m®-tI-t{μm-Ø-ssa¿˛ h¿§m-x k]vX-Zi -{X-tbm-Z-ianXm h¿§mx {]ZnjvSmx ]ssc. Zih¿§hnhcWw 1. cmin taSw XpSßnbh cminmY∑-m¿ : `uax ip{I.... (1˛6) 2. tlmc t£{X-ky A¿≤w tlmcm- ˛ cminsb c≠mbn ]Ip-ØXp tlmc. tlmcm-m-Y-∑m¿: A-bpPn chn, -kp-[mwip ˛ HmPcm-in-bn¬ BZy-tlmc kqcy-s‚bpw c≠m-asØ tlmc N{μs‚bpw. kta.- hy-kvX-ta-X¬ ˛ bp‹cm-in-bn¬ BZy-tlmc N{μs‚bpw c≠m-asØ tlmc kqcy-s‚bpw BIp-∂p.
  • 71. ^eZo]nI 66 3. t{Z°mWw t{Z°mtWimx {Xn-`m-ssKx- ˛ cminsb aq∂mbn Xncn-®Xp t{Z°mWw. t{Z°mWm-Y-∑m¿: X-p -kp-X -ip-`]m ˛ e·w, A©v, HºXv F∂o `mhßfpsS mY∑-m¿. 4. ZzmZ-imwiw ZzmZimw-ikvXp e·m¬ ˛ cminsb ]{¥-≠mbn Xncn-®Xp ZzmZ-imwiw. ZzmZimwimY∑m¿: {Klw n¬°p∂ cminapX¬°p≈ 12 cminIfmWv ZzmZimwiw. DZmlcWØnv IpP≥ n¬°p∂Xv taSØn¬. ZzmZimwiw taSwapX¬ aowhsc. Kpcp n¬°p∂Xv NnßØn¬. ZzmZimwiw Nnßw apX¬ I¿°SIwhsc. ZzmZimwimY∑m¿ taSw˛Ip, CShw˛ip F∂ {IaØn¬Xs∂. 5. {Xnwimw-iw Hcp cminsb ap∏-Xmbn Xncn-®Xp {Xnwimw-iIw. {Xnwimw-iImY∑m¿ (A£ckwJybn¬): `ua A¿°n CuUy ⁄ ip{Imx ˛ IpP≥ in, Kpcp, _p[≥, ip{I≥ i in P k a 5 5 8 7 5 ehm ˛ Awi߃ HmPt` ˛ hoXw HmPcminbn¬. bp‹t` XZvhykvXw ˛ bp‹cminbn¬ CXnp hn]coXw. 6. hmwiw Hcp cminsb 3T ˛20’ hoXw Hº-Xp `mKßfmbn Xncn-®Xp hmw-iIw. {Inb -a-I-c -Xpem I¿°-SmZym hmw-imx ˛ taSw (tajmZn), ˛ aI-cw (aI-cmZn), ˛ Xpemw, (XpemZn) ˛ I¿°Sw (I¿°ymZn) ˛ XpS-ßn- hmw-i-I-߃. tajmZn F∂p ]d-™m¬ ta-SØnpw AXns‚ {XntImWcmin Iƒ°pw (Nnßw,- [-p) Hcpt]mse BsW-∂¿∞w. CXpt]mse a‰p≈hbpw.
  • 72. A≤ymbw 3 (h¿§hn`mKm≤ymbw) 67 1 5 9 1. tajmZn: taSw, Nnßw, [p 2. aIcmZn CShw, I∂n, aIcw 3. XpemZn anYpw, Xpemw, Ipw`w 4. I¿°ymZn I¿°Sw hr›nIw aow 7. jjvSywiw Hcp cminsb Adp-]-Xmbn `mKn-®Xv jjvSywiw. jjvSyw-i-Imx Hm-Pt` {IqcmJymx ˛ HmPcm-inbn¬ {Iqc-mwi߃ F∂p t]cmb jjvSyw-i߃ (A£ckwJybn¬): b⁄w cXv Pw [w b- ]Sw cq]w ebw tNSnw 10 20 80 90 01 11 21 31 61 1 2 8 9 10 11 12 13 16 tlmcm tbmK Jew _ew `K in-em [qen hw {]kkzw 82 13 23 33 43 53 93 04 24 28 31 32 33 34 35 39 40 42 em`w hniz- Znhw [hw cW [aw 34 44 84 94 25 95 43 44 48 - 49 52 59 kat` hn]-cy-b-anZw ˛ bp‹-cm-in-bn¬ ({Iqcmwi߃) CXnp hn]-coXambn hcp∂p. tijmx kuaym-lz-bmx ˛ ChnsS ]dbmØh kuayw F∂p t]cp≈hbmIp∂p. HmPcminbn¬: {Iqcmwi߃ kuaymwi߃ 1, 2 3˛7 8˛13 14, 15 16 17˛27 28 29, 30 31˛35 36˛38 39, 40 41 42˛44 45˛47 48˛49 50, 51 52 53˛58 59 60
  • 73. ^eZo]nI 68 bp‹cminbn¬: {Iqcmwi߃ kuaymwi߃ .... 1, 2 3˛7 8˛13 14, 15 16 17˛27 28 29, 30 31˛35 36˛38 39˛40 41 42˛44 45˛47 48˛49 50, 51 52 53˛58 59 60 8, 9. k]vXmwihpw. Zimwihpw kzmXv k]vXmw-i- Z-imw-iIu Xp hnjta ˛ k]vXmwiØnepw ZimwiØnepw HmPcminbn¬ AXmXp cmin apX¬, bpt‹ Xp Imam ip-`m¬ ˛ bp‹cminbn¬ Ggv, HºXv cminIƒ apX¬. k]vXmwiw. Zimwiw HmPcminbn¬ AXmXp cminapX¬ AXmXp cminapX¬ bp‹cminbn¬ Ggmw cminapX¬ HºXmwcminapX¬ 10. Iemwiw AYhm tjmUimwiw Hcp cminsb ]Xnmdmbn Xncn®XmWv Iemwiw AYhm tjmUimwiw. {Klw n¬°p∂ cminapX¬ XpS¿®bmbn hcp∂ ]Xnmdp cminIfmWv ]Xnmdv Awi߃. Iemw-i]m hn[n- l-co Cui A¿°m-x -˛ HmP-cm-in-bn¬ {_-“m-hv, hn-jvWp in-h≥, kqcy≥ Cu {Ia-Ønepw k-a¿t£ AyYm ˛ bp‹cm-in-bn¬ kqcy≥, inh≥, hnjvWp, {_“mhv F∂ {Ia-Ønepw IemwitZhXIƒ Bh¿Øn®p hcp∂p. a‰p aq∂p hymJymßfnepw sImSpØn´p≈ Cu tjmUi h¿§mYXzw (hn[olcoim¿°....) sNdph≈nbpsS hymJymØn¬ C√. kzm[oim›, Iemwi]m›captJ˛ jzmZym≤tc›m]Xx
  • 74. A≤ymbw 3 (h¿§hn`mKm≤ymbw) 69 F∂mWv AhnsS sImSpØn´p≈Xv. AXns‚ A¿∞w˛˛ Cu Iemwiw NccminIfn¬ taSwapXepw ÿnccminbn¬ NnßwapXepw D`bcminbn¬ [papXepw {IaØmse IW°mt°≠XmWv. c≠p ]mTßfpw tN¿Øp hmbn°ptºmtg nbaw ]q¿ÆamIp∂p≈p. {XtbmZih¿§w tImW-bp-ssX-x {Xn-tIm-W-`-h kz¿£ D® -tI-{μ- DØ-ah¿§ k-]vX-k-l- {X-tbm-Z- ianXm h¿§mx {]ZnjvSmx ]tc ˛ k]vX-h¿§ß-fpsS IqsS {Xn-tIm-Ww, aqe{XntImWw, kz-t£{Xw, -D®w, -tI-{μw, h¿t§m-Øaw- Ch Bdpw IqSn Iq´nbXv {XtbmZih¿§w. ChnsS sNdph≈n Xs‚ hymJymØn¬ aq∂pt«mIßfnembn Xpcy (1/4), hnwi ( 1/20), kn≤ (1/ 24), £{X (1/27), NXzmcn (1/40), kn≤thZ (1/45) F∂o Bdv Awi߃IqSn hnhcn°p∂p≠v. Zih¿§Øns‚IqsS Cu Bdp h¿§ßƒIqsS Iq´nbm¬ tjmUih¿§ambn. ^eZo]nIbn¬ tjmUih¿§w ]dbmØ Xnm¬ Cu aq∂pt«mI߃ Hgnhm°nbtXm {]£n]vXtam Bhmw. (7) h¿§mtymPbXp {Xtbm-Zi kplrXv kz¿t£m-®-t`jp {IamZv˛ Zznkv{Xnx ]©N-Xp¿∂-hm-{Zn-h-kp-j-Uvkw-Jymkp h¿ss§ IrXx {]mlp-t›m-Ø-a-]m-cn-Pm-X-I-YnXu knwlm-kw tKm]pcw tNssXy-cm-h-X-tZ-h-tem-I-ctemImw-i› ]mcm-hXw. DØamwiw XpSßnbh {Xtbm-Zi h¿§m≥ tbmPbXp ˛ (PmXIØn¬) {XtbmZih¿§w IW°m°nbXn¬ {Kl߃°v kplrXv ˛ an{Xt£{Xw, kz¿£w ˛ kzt£{Xw, D®`w ˛ D®t£{Xw, F∂o ap∂v ApIqeÿmßfnembn Zzn {Xn ]© N-Xp -h A-{Zn h-kp- jUv 2, 3, 5, 4, 9, 7, 8, 6 kw-Jymkp h¿ss§x IrXx ˛ F∂nßs h¿§ÿnXn In´p∂psh¶n¬ B kwJy Apkcn®v {KlßfpsS ÿnXn˛ 1. D-Ø-a - ˛ DØ-aw-, 2. ]m-cn-Pm-X - ˛ ]m-cn-Pm-Xw, 3. knwlm-k ˛ knwlm-kw 4. tKm]pc ˛ tKm]pcw
  • 75. ^eZo]nI 70 5. sFcm-h-X - ˛ sFcm-h-Xw 6. tZ-h-tem-I- - ˛ tZ-h-tem-Iw 7. ctemI ˛ ctemIw 8. ]mcm-hXw. - ˛ ]mcmhXw F∂o Awißfnembncn°pw. {XtbmZih¿§Øn¬ In´nb kwJy Awiw 9 sFcmhXw 8 ctemIw 7 tZhtemIw 6 ]mcmhXw 5 knwlmkw 4 tKm]pcw 3 ]mcnPmXw 2 DØaw ctemIØnp ]Icw kpctemIw F∂pw hn[n ({_“) temIw F∂pw ]mTt`Zw ImWp∂p≠v. ImcyØn√msX t]cnv {]m[myw sImSp°Wsa∂p tXm∂p∂n√. AXp t]mse Nne ]Xn∏pIfn¬ DØasØ ]mcnPmXsa∂pw ]mcnPmXsØ DØasa∂pw amdn hnfn°pp∂pap≠v . AXpw ImcysØ _m[n°p∂n√. (8) Bcym-¬∏-Kp-Wm¿∞-ku-Jy-hn-`-hm≥ bx ]mcn-Pm-Xmw-i-Kx kzmNmcw hn-bm-znXw N n]pWw bZyp-Ø-amw-ti -ÿnXx tJtSm tKm]p-c-`m-KKx ip`-aXnw kzt£-{X tKm aμncw bx knw-lm-k-tKm rt]-{μ-Z-bnXw `q]m-e-Xpeyw cw. (9) t{ijvTm-iz-Zzn-]-hm-l-m-Zn-hn-`hw ]mcm-h-Xm-[n-jvTnXx k¬Io¿Ønw bZn tZh-tem-I-k-lntXm `qa-WvU-em-[o-izcw hμyw `q]-Xn-`nx- kp-tc-{μ-k-Z-riw ssXzcm-h-Xmw-i-ÿnXx kZv`mKyw [-[my]p{X-k-lnXw `q]w hnZ-[ymZv {Klx DØamwimZn h¿§^ew 1. Bcy A¬∏-Kp-W A¿∞-ku-Jy-hn-`-hm≥ ]mcn-Pm-Xmw-i-Kx ˛ ]mcnPmXmwiw (3 _nμp): t{ijvT≥, A[nIKpW-hm≥, [w, kpJw, hn`-h-߃.
  • 76. A≤ymbw 3 (h¿§hn`mKm≤ymbw) 71 2. kzmNmcw hn-bm-znXw n]pWw DØ-amw-ti -ÿnXx ˛ DØamwiw (2 _nμp) : Xs‚ BNm-c-ß-ƒ ApjvTn°p∂h≥,hn-bw, ss]p-Wyw. 3. tKm]p-c-`m-KKxip`-aXnw kzt£-{XtKm aμncw --˛ tKm]p-cmw-i--w (4 _nμp) : k∑-- v, kz¥-ambn `qan, ]ip-°ƒ, hoSv. 4. knw-lm-k-tKmrt]-{μ-Z-bnXw `q]m-e-Xpeyw cw ˛ knwlm-k-mwi--w (5 _nμp) : cmPm-hnp {]nb≥, cmPXpey≥. 5. t{ijvTm Aiz- Zn-]- hm-l-m-Zn-hn-`hw ]mcm-h-Xm-[n-jvTnXx˛ ˛ ]mcm-h-Xmw-i--w (6 _nμp) : t{ijvT-amb IpXn-c, B apX-emb hml--߃ 6. k¬Io¿Ønw bZn tZh-tem-I-k-lntXm `qa-WvU-em-[oizcw ˛ tZhtem-Imw-i-I-w (7 _nμp) : ˛ k¬ Io¿Øn, cmPm-hv. 7. hμyw `q]-Xn-`n- p-tc-{μ-k-Z-riw sFcm-h-Xmw-i-ÿnXx ˛ sFcm-h-Xmwiw( 9 _nμp) : cmPm-°-∑m-cm¬°qSn hμn-°-s∏-Sp-∂-h≥, tZth{μp Xpey≥. -8. kZv`mKyw [-[my]p{X-k-lnXw `q]w ˛ c-tem-Imwiw (8 _nμp) `mKy-hm≥, [w, -[myw, ]p{X-∑m¿ Ch-tbm-Sp- Iq-Sn-b-h≥, cmPm-hv. 3, 4 hcnIƒ sNdph≈n sImSpØn´p≈Xnv sNdnsbmcp am‰ap≠v. kZv`mKyw [[my]p{XklnXw `q]w hncn©mwiKx hμyw `q]Xn`nx kptc{μkZriw ssXzcmhXmwiÿnXx. (10) bZz¿tKjz-Jn-tejp arXyp-c-_-te-jz-{Xm-Y -ht£y {Iam˛ ∂miw ZpxJ-a-¿∞Xmw N hnkpJw _‘p-{]nbw XZzcw `qt]jvSw [nw r]w r]-hcw h¿t§ _en-jvtT- f Jnte h¿≤[njvWpw kpJnw r]w KZ-arXo _mem-Zyhÿm^ew. Zih¿§^ew h¿t§jp AJntejp ˛ F√m (]Øp) ]¿§ßfnepw arXyp A_tejp ˛ _eans√¶n¬ acWw
  • 77. ^eZo]nI 72 (a‰p h¿§ßfn¬ _eans√¶n¬ {IaØn¬) 9 h¿§Øn¬ _eans√¶n¬ ˛ miw 8 ,, ,, ˛ ZpJw, 7 ,, ,, ˛ A¿∞X (A¿∞߃), 6 ,, ,, ˛ hnkpJw (kpJan√mbva), 5 ,, ,, ˛ _‘p{]nbw (kzP߃°p th≠s∏´h≥) 4 ,, ,, ˛ XZvhcw (kzPßfn¬ t{ijvT≥, Xeh≥) 3 ,, ,, ˛ `qt]jvSw (cmPmhnv CjvSs∏´h≥) 2 ,, ,, ˛ [nw ([nI≥) 1 ,, ,, ˛ r]w ˛ cmPmhv h¿t§ _en-jvtS- AJnte ˛ F√m h¿§ßƒ°pw _eaps≠¶n¬ r]hcw ˛ cmPt{ijvT≥, N{Ih¿Øn. t«mIw aq∂n¬ ]d™ _memZn Ah-ÿm-^ew (_mex Ipamcx XcpWx {]hbm artXm jUv`mssKx .... h¿≤[njvWpw kpJnw r]w KZ-arXo _mem-Zyhÿm^ew.) 1. h¿≤njvWpw ˛ h¿≤n-°p-∂-h≥ (_meyw) 2. kpJnw ˛ kpJ-ap-≈-h≥, (Iuamcw) 3. r]w ˛ cmPmhv (XmcpWyw) 4. KZw ˛ tcmKw (hm¿≤Iyw) 5. arXn ˛ acWw (arX) (11) jUz¿t§jp ip`-{K-lm-[n-I-KpssWx {ioam≥ NncwPohXn {Iqcmwti _lpte hne·`ht Zotm f ¬∏-Po-h-»Tx X∂mYm _entm rt]m- f kvXy-Y- -hmw-˛ titim ZrKm-tWiztcm et·ix {Ia-i-x kpJo r]-kax t£mWo-]-Xn¿`m-Ky-hm≥. jUz¿§^ew PmXIØn¬˛˛ 1. jUvh¿t§jp ip`-{K-l A[n-I- KpssWx {ioam≥ Nncw PohXn ˛ e·Øns‚ jUz¿§-ß-fn¬ ip`-{K-l-ßfpsS h¿§amWv A[nIw hcp∂sX¶n¬, B PmXI≥ [nIpw Zo¿Lm-bp- p≈hpw BIpw.
  • 78. A≤ymbw 3 (h¿§hn`mKm≤ymbw) 73 2. {Iqcmwti _lpte hne-·-`-ht Zox A¬∏-Po-h-x iTx ˛ e·Ønp {Iqcmw-i- amWv A[n-Iw hcp∂sX-¶n¬ Zo≥, A¬∏mbp v, iT≥. imTyw ˛ hmin, n¿_‘w 3. X∂mYm _entm rt]m- ˛ e·Øns‚ jUvh¿§mY-∑m¿ _e-hm-∑m-cm-bn-cp- ∂m¬ cmPm-hm-Ipw. 4. -hmw-titim kpJo ˛ hmw-im-[n-]≥ _e-hm-m-bn-cp-∂m¬ kpJn. 5. ZrKm-tWiztcm r]-kax ˛ t{Z°m-Wm-[n-]≥ _e-hm-m-bn-cp-∂m¬ cmP-Xp-ey≥. 6. et·ix {Ia-i-x kpJo r]-kax t£mWo-]-Xnx `m-Ky-hm≥. ˛ et·-iz-c≥ _e- hm-m-bn-cp-∂m¬ {IaØn¬ kpJnbmbpw cmPXpeymbpw `mKy-hm-mb cmPm-hmbpw `hn-°pw. (12) HmtP {Iqtc f ¿°-tlmcmw KX-hXn _e-hm≥ {Iqc-hrØn¿[-mtVym bpt‹ Nm{μow ipt`jp ZypXn-hn--bh-tNm- lrZyku-`m-Kybp‡x hykvXw hykvtX f {X ant{i ka-^-e-ap-ZnXw e·-N{μu _enjvTu X∂mYu Zzu N XZz-ZyZn `hXn Nncw PohyZpx-Jo- b-i-kzo. HmPbp‹cmiywi^ew 1. HmtP - ˛ HmP- cm-in-bn¬ A¿°tlmcmw ˛ kqcy-tlm-c-bn¬ (1˛15T ) {Iqtc ˛ ]m]{Kl߃ KXhXn ˛ n∂m¬, ^ew _ehm≥{IqchrØnx[mVy ˛ i‡≥, {Iqc≥, [m-Vy≥. 2. bpt‹ Nm{μow ipt`jp ˛ CXpt]mse bp‹-cm-in-bn¬, N {μ-tlm-c-bn¬, kuay-{Klw n∂m¬ ZypXn- hn--b -h-tNm- lr-Zyku-`m-Kybp‡x ˛ Im¥n, hn-bw, hmIvam-[p-cyw, ku`m-Kyw. 3. hykvXw hykvtX f {X ˛ CXnp hn]-co-X-am-bn-cp-∂m¬ hn]-co-X-^ew. 4. ant{i ka-^-ew D-ZnXw ˛ an{i-am-bn-cp-∂m¬ an{i-^-ew.
  • 79. ^eZo]nI 74 5. e·-N{μu _enjvTu X∂mYu Zu N XZz-ZyZn `hXn ˛ e·Ønpw N{μpw, AXp-t]mse e·m-[n-]pw N{μe-·m-[n-]pw, _eaps≠ ¶n¬ NncwPohn AZpx-Jo- b-i-kzo ˛ Nncw-Pohnbmbpw ZpxJ-an-√m-Ø-h-mbpw bi-kzn-bmbpw `hn-°pw. Cn hcp∂ 13, 14, 15, 16 t«mI߃ sIm√w]Xn∏nen√. sNdph≈nbpsS hymJym Øn¬ Nne hyXymkßtfmsS sImSpØn´pap≠v. Chbn¬ BZysØ aqs∂Æw t{Z°mWßfpsS maßfpw ^eßfpw mematØXp KpfnIssh®p e·w icnbm°mp≈ nbahpamWv. (13) knwlmPmiznXpemrbp‹`ht jz¥ym(1) lbmPmZnamx a≤yu kv{Xobatbmcnlmbp[`rXx ]mtim f fnat≤ym `thXv {ImtZym nKtfm artK{μLStbm˛ cmtZym hWnMva≤ytam Kr{≤mtkym hrj`m¥na› hnlKx I¿IymZn tImemw. (1) ]mTt`Zw: `htjz¥ym ˛ aItcjz¥ym 1. Bbp[t{Z°mW߃ knwl AP Aizn Xpem rbp‹ `htjp A¥ym ˛ Nnßw, taSw, [p, Xpemw, anYpw Cu cminIfpsS A¥yt{Z°mWßfpw, lbAPBZnau ˛ [p,taSw cminIfpsS BZnt{Z°mW ßfpw, a≤yu kv{Xobatbm... ˛ I∂nbptSbpw anYpØnt‚bpw a≤y t{Z°mWßfpw Bbp[`rXx ˛ Bbp[t{Z°mW߃. 2. ]mit{Z°mWw ]mix Afnat≤y `thXv.... Afnat≤y ]miw ˛ hr›nIw a≤yw ]mit{Z°mWw. 3. nKf t{Z°mWw {ImtZym nKtfm ˛ aIcw BZyw: nKf t{Z°mWw
  • 80. A≤ymbw 3 (h¿§hn`mKm≤ymbw) 75 4. Kr{[mkyt{Z°mW߃ artK{μ LStbm BtZym ˛ Nnßw, Iqw`w ChbpsS BZyw hWnMv a≤ytbm ˛ Xpemw a≤yw Kr{[mtkym ˛ Ch Kr{[apJ t{Z°mW߃. 5. hnlKt{Z°mWw hrj`m¥na› hnlKx ˛ CShw A¥yw ]£nt{Z°mWw. 6. tImemt{Z°mWw I¿IymZn tImemw ˛ I¿°Sw BZyw : tImeapJ (]∂napJ) t{Z°mWw (14) Iu¿]ymZyx I¿ISmt¥ymQjNcaaln›mPtKma[yknwlm˛ Zyfy¥w kym®Xpjv]mZnl ^ea[{Iqcnμym Zcn{Zmx Zzμ¿t£ kyp¿ZrKmssWc[akaip`myÿntc tNmXv{ItaW {]mlpkvX⁄vmx ÿnc¿t£jzip`ip`kamtyh et·^emn. 7. k¿∏t{Z°mW߃ Iu¿]ymZyx ˛ hr›nIw BZn I¿IS At¥ym ˛ I¿°SIw A¥yw, QjNca ˛ aow A¥yw Alnx N ˛ Ch k¿∏t{Z°mWßfpw 8. NXpjv]mZt{Z°mW߃ AP tKm a[y ˛ taSw, CShw ˛ a≤yw knwlmZn ˛ Nnßw ˛ BZyw Afn A¥w ˛ hr›nIw ˛ Ahkmw NXpjv]mZv ˛ F∂nh NXpjv]mZt{Z°mWßfpamIp∂p. 10. t{Z°mW^ew Cu t{Z°mW߃ DZn°ptºmƒ Pn®m¬, e·w Cu t{Z°mW ßfn¬ hcp∂psh¶n¬ A[, {Iqc, nμym, Zcn{Zmx ˛ [an√mØh≥, {Iqc≥, nμy≥, Zcn{Z≥.
  • 81. ^eZo]nI 76 Zzμ¿t£ kypx ZrKmssWx A[a ka ip`mn...... - ˛ Pw GXp cminbn¬ GXp t{Z°mWØn emtWm hcp∂Xv AXnpkcn®p ip`˛Aip`˛a≤ya^eßfpw Ap`hs∏Spw. cmin t{Z°mWw 1 t{Z°mWw 2 t{Z°mWw 3 1. Nccmin DØaw a≤yaw A[aw 2. ÿnccmin A[aw DØaw a≤yaw 3 D`bcmin A[aw a≤yaw DØaw (15) t{ZImtWti kzh¿tK ip`JKklntX tkzm®an{X¿£tK hm XZzn{XnwimwimtY _ehXn bZn tN˛ ZzmZimwim[nt] hm tlmcmmtY XYm tN∂nJneKpWKtWm nXyip≤{]hotWm Zo¿Lmbpx kym±bmhm≥ kpX[klnXx Io¿Ønam≥ cmPt`mKx. 1. t{Z°mtWti ˛ (PkabØv DZn°p∂ e·Øns‚) t{Z°mWmY≥˛˛ 1) kzh¿tK ˛ kzh¿§Øntem, 2) ip`JKklntX ˛ ip`{KlßfpsSIqsStbm, 3) tkzm® ˛ D®t£{XØntem 4) an{X¿£tK ˛ an{Xt£{XØntem n¬°pI; hm ˛ As√¶n¬ 2. XZzn{XnwimwimtY _ehXn .... ˛ {XnwimwimYtm, ZzmZimwimYtm, tlmcmmYtm _eap≠mbncn°pI; (F¶n¬ B PmXI≥) nJneKpWKtWm ˛ k¿hKpWkº∂≥, nXyip≤≥, {]hotWm ˛ {]K¤≥, Zo¿Lmbpx ˛ Zo¿Lmbp p≈h≥, Zbmhm≥ ˛ Zbbp≈h≥ kpX[klnXx ˛ ]p{X∑-mcpw [hpap≈h≥, Io¿Ønam≥ ˛ {]ikvX≥ cmPt`mKx ˛ cmPIobamb kpJt`mK߃.
  • 82. A≤ymbw 3 (h¿§hn`mKm≤ymbw) 77 (16) aμnÿcmin]Xn kwKXk{XntImWw Xkymwicmin]Xn kwbpXawitImWw e·w hZ¥n KpfnImwiIcmintImWw XZzZzn[u _ebptX iinssh hnZymXv. 1. aμnÿcmin]Xn kwKX k{XntImWw˛ KpfnI`hm[n]≥ n¬°p∂ cmintbm AXns‚ {XntImWßtfm, 2. Xkymwicmin]XnkwbpXawitImWw˛ KpfnIAwim[n]≥n¬°p∂ cmintbm AXns‚ {XntImWßtfm, 3. KpfnI AwiI cmin tImWw ˛ KpfnI≥ AwiIn® cmintbm AXns‚ {XntImWßtfm, e·w hZ¥n ˛ PmXIs‚ e·ambncn°pw. XZzZzn[u _ebptX iinnssh hnZymXv. ˛ N{μp _eaps≠¶n¬ CXpt]mse N{μ_‘ap≈ cminbmbpw hcmw. (17) Ipcym-Zm-fl-kp-lr-±r-Km-W-K-iio IeymW-cq]w KpWw t{ibmw-kyp-Ø-a-h¿§-P-kvXz-]-c-K˛ - kvX-∂m-Y-Pm-Xm≥ KpWm≥ kz{Xnw-imw-i-K-Xm -{Klm hnZ[tX XXvIm-c-I-tXzm-ZnXw Xss{XtIm f]n kplrZv{Ktl-£n-X-bpXx tkzmt® f ¿∞bp‡w r]w. N{μÿnXn^ew 1. Ipcym-Zm-fl-kp-lr-±r-Km-W-K-iio IeymW-cq]w KpWw ˛ N{μ≥ Xs‚ _‘p t{Z°m-W-Øn¬ n¬°p-I-bm-sW-¶n¬ sFiz-cy-I-c-amb cq]-tØmSpw KpWtØmSpw IqSn-b-h-m-bn-cn-°pw. 2. t{ibmw-kyp-Ø-a-h¿§-P-x Xp ˛ h¿t§m-Ø-amw-i-Øn-em-sW-¶n¬ t{ib- p- Iƒ D≠m-Ipw. - 3. ]-c-K-x X-∂m-Y -Pm-Xm≥ KpWm≥ ˛ a‰phn[-Øn-em-sW-¶n¬ AXmXv `mhm[n-]- ∑m¿s°mØ KpW-߃ sNøpw. {Xnwimwi^ew 4. kz{Xnw-imw-i-K-X -{Klm hnZ[tX X¬°m-c-I-tXzm-ZnXw ˛ Ah-c-h-cpsS {Xnwim-i-ßsf {]m]n® {Kl-߃ GtXXp Imc-I-Xz-tØm-Sp-Iq-Sn- btXm B ^e-߃ ¬Ipw.