climate change

1. Climate change
mujahid ali
Assignment
Topic: climate changes
Submitted by: mujahid ali
Submitted to: Dr. Muhammad sanaullah
BS. APPLIED GEOLOGY
INSTITUTE OF GEOLOGY PUNJAB of the
UNIVERSITY Lahore

2. Climate change
mujahid ali
CLIMATE CHANGE
Climate change is long term change in climate (including
temperature, precipitation, wind pattern), over periods ranging
from decade to millions of years
There are many different problems that are leading to our climate
change
Causes of Climate Change
Natural Factors
 Volcanic eruption
 Ocean currents
 Meteorite
 Forest fire
 Solar radiation
Human activities
Volcanic Eruptions: A volcano releases large amount of Sulphur
dioxide (SO2), water vapor, dust, and ash into the atmosphere,
when it erupts. Aerosols are tiny particles that are produced by
volcanoes. Aerosols remain in the atmosphere for only a few days
and reflect solar energy back into space they have a cooling
effect on the world.

3. Climate change
mujahid ali
Ocean Currents: Variations in ocean currents can also influence
climate change for short periods of time. Ocean currents move
vast amounts of heat across the planet. Warm currents move
away from equator. Cold currents move toward equator. It effects
the overall temperature of region.
Solar Radiations: The sun is the ultimate source of supply of
energy for earth’s climate system. A small change in sun’s energy
can influence the climate change. These changes include
changes within the sun and changes in Earth’s orbit. Changes
occurring in the sun can cause climate to become warmer during
periods of stronger solar intensity and cool during periods of
weaker solar intensity.

4. Climate change
mujahid ali
Meteorite
A meteorite is a fragment of rock or iron metal comes from outer
space and hits to the earth's surface. Example of this k-T
boundary, which occurred 66 million year ago
Human activities
Recent climate changes cannot be explained only by natural
causes alone. Human activities causing climate changes are.
 Deforestation
 Increase in vehicles
 Emission of GHG
 Industries
 Emission of co2
Global warming

5. Climate change
mujahid ali
Global warming is increase in average temperature of earth's
surface and atmosphere, due to increase in levels of greenhouse
gases such as carbon dioxide, nitrous oxide, methane, CFCs, and
other pollutants.
Greenhouse gases
Greenhouses are gases that contribute to the greenhouse effect
by absorbing infrared radiation such as carbon dioxide
chlorofluorocarbons, methane, nitrous oxide and water vapors.

6. Climate change
mujahid ali
Carbon dioxide plays an important role, even though it is one of
the more minor components in our atmosphere. It can be found
through a variety of different processes, including respiration,
volcanic activity, deforestation, fossil fuel burning, and others. The
carbon dioxide that is found in our atmosphere continues to
increase, making the climate change much more prominent these
days than before.
CFCs, or chlorofluorocarbons, which are basically synthetic
compounds that are created in the industrial setting, also play a
part. They are usually what plays a part in the depletion of the
ozone layer. The more the ozone layer is depleted, the hotter our
earth will get.
Nitrous oxide is another type of gas that is often times formulated
from the soil when it is cultivated.

7. Climate change
mujahid ali
The Greenhouse Effect
When sunlight reaches Earth’s surface, it can either be reflected
back into space or absorbed by Earth. Once absorbed, the planet
releases some of the energy back into the atmosphere as heat
(Greenhouse gases like water vapor (H2O), carbon dioxide
(CO2), and methane (CH4) absorb energy, slowing or preventing
the loss of heat to space. In this way, GHGs act like a blanket,
making Earth warmer than it would otherwise be. This process is
commonly known as the “greenhouse effect.”

8. Climate change
mujahid ali
Deforestation
Deforestation is the permanent destruction of forests in order to
make the land available for other uses. An estimated 18 million
acres of forest, which are lost each year.
It is estimated that 15 percent of all greenhouse gas emissions
come from deforestation, according to the WWF.

9. Climate change
mujahid ali
Effects of Climate Change and threats
Climate change have become a worldwide problem. It is important
to do something about it to help decrease the amount of change
that occurs and make it not happen so fast.
High Temperatures and Heat Waves
The continuous increases of greenhouses gases in the
atmosphere has caused temperature to rise. Though greenhouse
effect is necessary for survival of all of us on this planet but
increase of these gases beyond a limit will only create harmful
effects for us and this environment. During last century, earth’s
average temperature rose by 1 degree Fahrenheit which in itself
is a cause of concern.
The large amount of greenhouse gases released from industries,
vehicles, agricultural activities increases the concentration of CO2
and heats up the atmosphere. The increased temperature then
causes heat waves and makes it difficult for people to survive.
A severe heat wave with temperatures as high as 49 °C (120 °F)
struck southern Pakistan in June 2015. It caused the deaths of
about 2,000 people from dehydration and heat stroke, mostly
in Sindh province and its capital city, Karachi.
Change in Rainfall Patterns
In last couple of decades, excess rainfall, droughts, hurricanes
and floods have become quite frequent. While few areas
experience plenty of rainfall, then there are areas that face
droughts throughout the year.

10. Climate change
mujahid ali
Rise in Sea Level and Depletion of Arctic Ice
Sea level rise is caused primarily by two factors related to global
warming
 the water added from melting ice sheets and glaciers
and
 the expansion of seawater as it warms.
The increase in temperature of atmosphere has resulted in
shrinking of arctic ice.
Below the graph, derived from coastal tide gauge data, shows
how much sea level changed from about 1870 to 2000.

11. Climate change
mujahid ali
Loss of Wildlife Species
Wildfires, deforestation, have caused several species to become
extinct, pushed few of them towards extinction and rest of them
have migrated to some other place.
In year 2008, polar bear was added to the list of animals that
could become extinct due to rise in sea level.
Solutions
Climate change can really be a negative force on our planet earth.
The increase in greenhouse gases causes temperature to rise
which is harmful for ecology and environment.
First of we have admit that climate change is our issue. no
agency, government, scientists can fix it for us. Climate change is
a big challenge for the us and requires action at a large scale by
all levels.

12. Climate change
mujahid ali
Transportation system
We need to redesign our transport system by improving and
increasing the use of public transport
Stop massively increasing the efficiency of our petrol driven
vehicles, and then replacing them, first with hybrids, and
ultimately electric vehicles.
Stop Cutting Down Trees
Deforestation and burning of accounts for around 18% of all
global greenhouse gas emissions due to human activities. Tree
uses the carbon dioxide gas and clean our environment. We have
to stope cutting down trees
Reduce factor that are increasing greenhouse gases
Total greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions from industry almost
doubled between 1970 and 2010.
Oil and gas industry has resulted in an increase in the amount
of greenhouse gases.
Infrastructure Upgrade
Buildings worldwide contribute around one third of all greenhouse
gas emissions. Cement is a major source of greenhouse gas
emissions use to construct new buildings and roads.
Million tons of carbon dioxide gases are adding in atmosphere
during production of cement, for heating limestone and other
ingredients to 1,450 degrees.