Introduction to computer

CHAPTER # 01
INTRODUCTION TO
COMPUTER
Prepare by: M.Robeel

Table of Content
 What is Computer
 Data &Information
 Advantages of computer
 Disadvantages of computer
 Generation Of Computer
 Network
 Internet
 Software 3/8/2020Gulab Devi Educational Complex Lahore
2

A World of Computers
 Computers are everywhere: at work, at school, and at
home . Mobile devices, such as many cell phones,
often are classified as computers. Computers are a
primary means of local and global communication for
billions of people. Employees correspond with clients,
students with classmates and teachers, and family
with friends and other family members. Through
computers, society has instant access to information
from around the globe. Local and national news,
weather reports, sports scores, airline schedules,
telephone directories, maps directions, job listings,3/8/2020Gulab Devi Educational Complex Lahore
3

A World of Computers
accessible. From the computer, you can make a
telephone call, meet new friends, share photos and
videos, share opinions, shop, book flights, file taxes,
take a course, receive alerts, and automate your
home.
3/8/2020Gulab Devi Educational Complex Lahore
4

5

What is a Computer
Computer is an electronic
device used to solve different
problems according to a set of
instructions given to it. A
computer can accept data,
process data into useful
information and store it for
future use.
6

Functionalities of a Computer
 computer carries out the following
functions −
 Step 1 − Takes data as input.
 Step 2 − Processes the data and
converts it into useful information.
 Step 3 − Generates the output.
 Step 4 – Store Data for future use
7

Data and
information
8

Data and Information
 Data is a collection of unprocessed items, which
can include text, numbers, images, audio, and
video. Information conveys meaning and is useful
to people.
 for example, computers process several data items
to print information in the form of a cash register
receipt.
 Computers process data into information.
9

Data and Information
10

Advantages of
Computer
11

High Speed
• Computer processes data at a very
high speed.
• It is much faster than human being.
• Computer can perform millions of
calculations in a few seconds as
compared to man who will spend
many months to perform the same
task.
.
12

Accuracy
• Accuracy means that
computer provides results
without any errors.
• Computer can process large
amount of data and produce
result accurately.
• Computers perform all jobs
with 100% accuracy provided
that the input is correct
13

Storage Capability
• Memory is a very important part of
computers.
• A computer has much more storage
capacity than human beings.
• Computer can store a large amount
of data permanently.
• It can store any type of data such as
images, videos, text, audio, etc.
14

Consistency
• Computer work in a consistent
way .
• It can work continuously without
any error.
• It can perform repeated tasks
with the same speed and
accuracy.
• Computer perform all jobs with
equal attention.
• Computer does not become tired
or bored. 3/8/2020Gulab Devi Educational Complex Lahore
15

Reliability
The electronic components in modern computers
are dependable and reliable because they rarely
break or fail
16

Multi Tasking
 Computer can do multitasking at same time for e.g
you can run multiple applications at same time
video, audio, as well pdf file or any other type of
file can be open and perform any operation at
same time but human can’t do multitasking at
same time
17

Didadvantages of
Computer
18

No intelligence &
Dependency
 No intelligence
• A computer is a machine that has no
intelligence to perform any task.
• Each instruction has to be given to the
computer.
• A computer cannot take any decision on its
own.
Dependency
• It functions as per the user’s instruction, thus
it is fully dependent on humans.
19

NO Feeling
No Feeling
• Computers have no feelings or emotions.
• It cannot make judgment based on feeling,
taste, experience, and knowledge unlike
humans.
20

Violation of Privacy:
 In many instances, where personal and
confidential records stored on computers were
not protected properly, individuals have found
their privacy violated and identities stolen..
21

Impact on Labor Force
 Although computers have improved
productivity and created an entire industry with
hundreds of thousands of new jobs, the skills
of millions of employees have been replaced
by computers. Thus, it is crucial that workers
keep their education up-to-date. A separate
impact on the labor force is that some
companies are outsourcing jobs to foreign
countries instead of keeping their homeland
labor force employed
22

Public Safety:
 Adults, teens, and children around the world
are using computers to share publicly their
photos, videos, journals, music, and other
personal information. Some of these
unsuspecting, innocent computer users have
fallen victim to crimes committed by dangerous
strangers
23

Generation Of Computer
 Currently, there are five generations of
computer. In the following subsections, we will
discuss the generations of computer in terms
of the technology used by them (hardware and
software), computing characteristics (speed,
i.e.), physical appearance, and their
applications.
24

25
Generation Of Computer

Network
26

Networks
 A network is a collection of computers and devices
connected together, often wirelessly, via
communications devices and transmission media.
When a computer connects to a network, it is
online. Networks allow computers to share
resources, such as software, data, and
information . Sharing resources saves time and
money.
27

Networks
28

Internet
29

Internet
 The Internet is a worldwide collection of networks
that connects millions of businesses, government
agencies, educational institutions, and individuals .
More than one billion people around the world use
the Internet daily for a variety of reasons, including
the following: to communicate with and meet other
people; to conduct research and access a wealth of
information and news; to shop for goods and
services; to bank and invest; to participate in online
training; to engaging entertaining activities, such as
planning vacations, playing online games, listening3/8/2020Gulab Devi Educational Complex Lahore
30

Internet
31

Software
32

Computer Software
 Software, also called a program, is a series of
related instructions, organized for a common
purpose, that tells the computer what task(s) to
perform and how to perform them. You interact with
a program through its user interface. Software
today often has a graphical user interface
33

Computer Software
34

Computer Types
35

Computer types based on
principles of operations
 Analog Computers:
An analog computer recognizes the data as a
continuous measurement of physical property, voltage,
pressure, speed and temperature are some physical
properties that can be measured in this way. Its output
is usually displayed on a meter or graph. It does not
operate with digital signal. It has low memory.
36

Digital Computer
 It operates on digital data such as numbers. It
uses binary number system in which there are
only two digits 0 & 1. Digital computer can give
more accurate and faster results and well suites
for solving complex problems of engineering
and technology as well as medical, design,
research.
 Based on purpose, digital computers can be
further classified as,
1) General purpose computers
2) Special purpose computers 3/8/2020Gulab Devi Educational Complex Lahore
37

Difference b/w Analog and
Digital Computer
Analog Computer Digital Computer
It is difficult to use It is easy to use
It has low memory These computer use high
memory
It has slow speed These computer have fast
speed
It is use in engineering and
medicine
It is used in all fields of life
It is used to calculate
analog quantities like
speed , weight etc
It is used to calculate
mathematical and logical
operation like addition and
Multiplication etc3/8/2020Gulab Devi Educational Complex Lahore
38

Hybrid Computer
 A hybrid computer is a combination of
both analog and digital computer. A hybrid
computer combines the best
characteristics of both the analog and
digital computer. it can accept data in
analog and digital form.
39

Categories of
Computers
Based on
Configuration:
40

Categories of Computers
 Industry experts typically classify computers in seven
categories: personal computers (desktop), mobile
computers and mobile devices, game consoles,
servers, mainframes, supercomputers, and
embedded computers. A computer’s size, speed,
processing power, and price determine the category
it best fits. Due to rapidly changing technology.
41

Categories of Computers
 For example, cell phones often include media
player, camera, and Web browsing capabilities. As
devices converge, users need fewer devices for the
functionality that they require.
42

Personal Computers
 A personal computer is a computer that can
perform all of its input , processing, output, and
storage activities by itself. A personal computer
contains a processor, memory, and one or more
input, output, and storage devices. Personal
computers also often contain a communications
device.
43

Personal Computers
44

Mobile Computers and Mobile
Devices
 A mobile computer is a personal computer you
can carry from place to place. Similarly, a mobile
device is a computing device small enough to hold
in your hand. The most popular type of mobile
computer is the notebook computer.
 Notebook Computers
A notebook computer, also called a laptop
computer,
is a portable, personal computer often designed to fit
on your lap. Notebook computers are thin and light
weight, yet can be as powerful as the average
45

Devices
lighter, and often not as powerful as a traditional
notebook computer. Most netbooks cost less than
traditional notebook computers, usually only a few
hundred dollars. Some notebook computers have
touch screens, allowing you to interact with the
device by touching the screen, usually with the tip of
a finger.
46

Devices
47

Mobile Devices
 Mobile devices, which are small enough to carry in
a pocket, usually store programs and data
permanently on memory inside the system unit or
on small storage media such as memory cards.
48

Game Consoles
 A game console is a mobile computing device
designed for single player or multiplayer video
games Standard game consoles use a handheld
controller(s) as an input device(s); a television
screen as an output device; and hard disks, optical
discs, and/or memory cards for storage. The
compact size and light weight of game consoles
make them easy to use at home, in the car, in a
hotel, or any location that has an electrical outlet.
49

Game Consoles
50

Servers
A server controls access to the hardware, software,
and other resources on a network and provides a
centralized storage area for programs, data, and
information. Servers support from two to several
thousand connected computers at the same time.
People use personal computers or terminals to access
data, information, and programs on a server. A terminal
is a device with a monitor, keyboard, and memory.
51

Servers
52

Mainframes
 A mainframe is a large, expensive, powerful
computer that can handle hundreds or thousands
of connected users simultaneously. Mainframes
store huge amounts of data, instructions, and
information. Most major corporations use
mainframes for business activities. With
mainframes, enterprises are able to bill millions of
customers, prepare payroll for thousands of
employees, and manage thousands of items in
inventory. One study reported that mainframes
process more than 83 percent of transactions3/8/2020Gulab Devi Educational Complex Lahore
53

Mainframes
54

Super computers
A supercomputer is the fastest, most powerful
computer — and the most expensive .The fastest
supercomputers are capable of processing more than
one quadrillion instructions in a single second.
Applications requiring complex, sophisticated
mathematical calculations use super computers.
Large-scale simulations and applications in medicine,
aerospace, automotive design, online banking,
weather forecasting, nuclear energy research, and
petroleum exploration use a supercomputer.
55

Super computers
56

Embedded Computers
An embedded computer is a special-purpose
computer that functions as a component in a larger
product. A variety of everyday products contain
embedded computers:
• Consumer electronics
• Home automation devices
• Automobiles
• Process controllers and robotics
• Computer devices and office machines
57

Embedded Computers
58

59

Introduction to computer

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