Castor oil..fas&amp Introduction Origin ProductionIntroduction Origin Production bleaching deodorization winterization benefit draw back

1. FATS & OILS
Submitted to:
Ma’am Memoona
Submitted by:
Maryam Maqsood
Aqsa Iqbal
Roll No#
AGR-EA-22
AGR-EA-16
FAS&T(5th Semester)
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2. CASTOR OIL
(Ricinus communis L.)
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3. Introduction:
 used as a renewable resource for the chemical industry.
 It is a vegetable oil.
 One of the oldest cultivated crop.
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4. Origin:
 Cultivated in Africa, South America and India.
 Castor oil producing countries include Brazil, china and India.
 India is known as the world leader in castor seed and oil production.
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5. Production:
 86% of castor seed production in India is concentrated in Gujarat.
 It contributes to only 0.15% of vegetable oil produced in world.
 Worldwide consumption of this commodity has increased more than 50%.
 In 1985, it rising from 400,000 tons to 610,000 tons in 2010.
 Worldwide consumption increased at a rate of 7.32,000 tons per year.
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6. Climatic conditions:
 Castor plant grows optimally in tropical summer rainfall areas.
 It grows well from wet tropics to subtropical dry regions.
 And its temperature ranges from 20ºC_25ºC.
 But temperatures over 38ºC can lead to poor seed setting.
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7. Physical Properties:
 The physical properties have been studied in this table:
Physical Properties
Viscosity(centistokes) 889.3
Density(g/mL) 0.959
Thermal conductivity(W/m ºC) 4.727
Specific heat (kJ/kg/K) 0.089
Flash point (ºC) 145
Pour point( ºC) 2.7
Melting point( ºC) -2 to -5
Refractive index 1.480
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8. Chemical composition:
 The chemical composition have been studied in this table:
Fatty Acid Average % range
Ricinoleic 90%
Linoleic 4%
Oleic 3%
Stearic 1%
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9. Uses of Castor oil:
 Used as lubricant
 Used in the treatment of eye inflammation
 Used in the treatment of guinea worm abscess and flatulence.
 Used in soap making and to smaller extent in paints and varnishes.
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10. Applications of castor oil & its
derivatives:
 Fuel and biodiesel
 Polymer materials
 Soaps, waxes and greases
 Lubricants, hydraulic and brake fluids
 Fertilizers
 Coatings
 Pharmacological and medicinal use
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11. Nutritional importance:
 Oil contains 120 calories per table spoon.
 Oil has no fiber, protein and carbohydrates.
 All calories come from fats.
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12. Castor Oil Extraction:
 Castor oil seed contains 30%- 50% oil.
 Extracted from caster beans.
 Extracted by;
1: Mechanical pressing
2: Solvent extraction
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13. Castor oil Purification:
 Extraction of oil can be done by use of press.
 Filtration system used to remove the remaining impurities.
 Able to remove large and small size particulates.
 Crude castor seed is pale yellow and straw colored.
 But can be made colorless by refining and bleaching.
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14. Castor oil refining:
 After filtration, crude oil is sent to refinery for processing.
 The refining process include following steps:
 Degumming
 Neutralization
 Bleaching
 Deodorization
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15. Crude Castor Oil Refining:
 Crude castor oil refining process involves:
 Degumming
1: Water degumming
2: Acid Degumming
3: Enzymatic Degumming
 Neutralization
 Bleaching
 Deodorization
 Winterization
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16. Degumming:
 Used to reduce Phosphatides and the metal content of crude oil.
 Phosphatides are of two types:
 Hydratable
 Non-Hydratable
 Crude oil contains 10% of non hydratable phosphatides.
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17. Neutralization:
 Removal of FFA from the degummed oil is referred as neutralization.
 Good Quality castor seed stored under controlled conditions.
 Produce only low FFA content of approximately 0.3%.
 With high moisture content produce high FFA content of about 5% level.
 The excess FFA present in castor oil does not provide same function as the
neutral oil.
 Highly essential to remove FFA content so as to produce high quality castor oil.
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18. Bleaching:
 An adsorption process called bleaching can be used to remove such color
pigments and remaining phospholipids, using activated earths under vacuum
conditions between 50 and 100 mmHg.
 The reduction in the oil color can be measured using an analytical instrument ,
called Tintometer.
 Bleaching of castor oil can be done under vacuum at around 100º C.
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19. Deodorization:
 Deodorization meaning is a vacuum steam distillation process.
 That removes the relatively volatile components that give rise to undesirable
flavors, colors and odors in fats and oils.
 Deodorization is usually done at high temperature above 250º C.
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20. Winterization:
 The majority of vegetable oils contain high concentrations of waxes, fatty acid
and lipids.
 Winterization of oil is process where crystalized and removed by a filtering
process to avoid clouding of the liquid fraction at cooler temperature.
 A similar process called Dewaxing can also be utilized as a means to clarify oil
when the amount of cloudiness persists.
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21. Benefits of Castor oil:
 Skin benefits
 Hair benefits
 Health benefits
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22. Skin Benefits:
 Heals inflamed skin
 Fights sign of Aging
 Reduces Acne
 Moisturizes skin
 Reduces Pigmentation
 Prevents stretch marks
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23. Hair Benefits:
 Promotes hair growth
 Treats scalp infection
 Prevents premature graying
 Conditions Hairs
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24. Health Benefits:
 Treat Ringworms
 Disinfects Wounds
 Act as a laxative
 Reduces joint pain
 Boosts immunity
 Treats Backpain
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25. Drawbacks:
 Don’t consume castor oil unless recommended by your doctor.
 Avoid castor oil if you are pregnant, as the natural laxative properties of oil can
cause painful cramping and contractions that can lead to premature labor.
 If u have intestinal blockage and unidentified pain your abdomen than don’t take
Castor oil.
 The American Cancer society indicates that some people may be allergic to castor
oil.
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26. Conclusion and Future Directions:
 Castor oil is promising commodity that has a variety of applications in the coming
years, particularly as a renewable energy source.
 Essential to the production and marketing of castor oil is scientific investigation of
the processing parameters needed to improve oil yield.
 With the advent of biotechnological innovations, genetic engineering has a
potential of improving both the quality and quantity of castor oil.
 Biodiesel production from castor oil is, indeed, a promising enterprise.
 Advances in models and stimulations have facilitated optimization of key
processing parameters necessary to obtain good yield of such biodiesel.
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27. References:
 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
 https://www.livestrong.com
 https://www.stylecraze.com...By (Ameya)
 Book name: (Agronomy of Field Crops)
 Author name: (SR Reddy & Y.Reddi Ramu)
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28. THANK YOU!
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