This document presents a comparative study of marks obtained by male and female students at the matriculation level in Pakistan. It begins with an acknowledgment and thanks to the author's supervisor and others who provided guidance. The table of contents then outlines the document which includes an introduction reviewing literature on factors influencing academic performance and gender differences. It states the problem being examined is comparing the marks of male and female students on matriculation exams administered by the Board of Intermediate & Secondary Education. The objectives are to identify performance differences between genders and compare marks, divisions, and means between groups. The methodology section indicates materials and cited literature will be presented but are not included.

1. COMPARATIVE STUDY OF THE MARKS AT
MATRICULATION LEVEL
By
MUHAMMAD FAROOQ
MC180400708
DEPARTMENT OF STATISTICS
FACULTY OF SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY
VIRTUAL UNIVERSITY OF PAKISTAN
LAHORE, PAKISTAN
2020

2. i
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
Foremost, all praises to Almighty Allah for blessing me with strength and enabling me to
successfully complete this work.
This study is carried out in the kind supervision of Prof. Dr. Nabeela Rasheed, my parents and
friends. I am highly indebted to honorable supervisor for their available guidance and support. It
was their helpful, supportive and motivational attitude which made the completion of this study
possible.
I would like to pay my special thanks and gratitude to Prof. Dr. Nabeela Rasheed, for her
valuable mentoring during this period at Virtual University of Pakistan. Her continuous
encouragement during my study period has enabled me to accomplish this task successfully. Her
tremendous support while finding an appropriate topic and reminding me to plough through the
hard times to get to the end of my thesis writing has been valued greatly. She first encouraged
my topic of interest for this study and continued to support me in terms of selecting the study
sample, engaging in field research and finally in thesis writing. I have enjoyed our endless
conversations on this topic and have valued and appreciated all her helpful comments and
insights into my thesis through her meticulous examination of facts, comments, painstaking
corrections, suggestions and constructive criticism and also special thanks to Dr.Muhammad
Razaq B.Z.U.MULTAN for cooperation and guidance.
May Allah bless on all these people.
MUHAMMAD FAROOQ

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
By..................................................................................................................................................... i
MUHAMMAD FAROOQ............................................................................................................i
TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. ii
CHAPTER 1.................................................................................................................................. 1
INTRODUCTION/ REVIEW OF LITRATURE ...................................................................... 1
1.1 Introduction...................................................................................................................... 1
1.2 Statement of the Problem................................................................................................. 4
1.3 Objective of the Study...................................................................................................... 6
1.4 Literature Review............................................................................................................. 6
CHAPTER 2.................................................................................................................................. 8
2.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS.......................................................................................... 8
2.2
LITERATURE CITED ................................................................................................................ 9

4. 1
CHAPTER 1
INTRODUCTION/ REVIEW OF LITRATURE
1.1 Introduction
Education is one of the basic human needs. Education is expected to play a
very vital role in the life of individuals. It enables human beings to lead a
balanced life and contribute to society in the best possible way. Our Holy Prophet
Muhammad (SAWW) advised the Muslims to seek knowledge from cradle to
grave. Education is a progressive development of the individual in all faculties:
physical, intellectual and moral. As a result of disciplined growth of the entire
personality, an educated person shows balanced development in all aspects.
School and education are the major parts in the life of a student. School
plays a leading and important role to enhance and improve the quality of
education. The quality of education is generally measured in the form of a
student‘s achievement. The concept of a student‘s achievement depends on the
various factors from home to school as has been investigated by different
researches. Student’s academic performance is a tool that is used to measure the
factors that are directly related to the student’s association with school.
Gender equality is always made synonymous with the opportunities to
access education on the part of females; the concept of Education for All (EFA)
recognizes that gender equality holds an important part for quality in education
(UNESCO, 2003).Gender studies tend to have implications to support research,
curriculum enrichment and redesign, future teaching methods, and the academic

5. 2
study of gender across all disciplines. In the educational setting, results of
researches conducted to compare male and female students’ performance inform
much about which gender group is failing or succeeding in the discipline under
study. The results from gender studies influence teaching methods as subject
instructors also play major roles in students’ performances. Gender has long been
considered as a factor contributing to differences in performances of male and
female students. Educators and researchers have expressed a lot of interest
concerning gender difference in academic performance in various exams or
achievements.
Gender (male & female) is a specially constructed phenomenon that is
brought about as society ascribes different roles, duties, behaviors, and
mannerisms to the two sexes male and female (Mangvwat, 2006). There is a
growing acknowledgment that there are psychological differences between males
and females that affect the way that males and females think, communicate, and
behave. These differences marked themselves in different aspects e.g., at
playgrounds, schools, home, and workplace etc. In the recent years, however, it
has been indicated that while both males and females have upgraded their
performances, females are attaining higher marks than their counterparts.
Gender equality has been a major issue of discussion over the years since
most educated women now claim that they are being marginalized. A lot of
scholars have studied gender related issue and some are of the opinion that “what
a man can do, a woman can even do better”. There are various characteristics
attributed to men and those attributed to women by God. But more importantly

6. 3
there are some which are not attributed to either man or woman. They are based
on the survival of the fittest; the stronger claim its place. One of such attribute is
academic performance. There is no where it is written by God that men should be
more intelligent than women but the men folk over the years have claimed to be
more intelligent, more brilliant, superior etc than their female counterpart. It is
therefore against this background that a critical look at gender and academic
performance with special reference to university education is of great importance.
The academic performance of male and female students might be determined, a
trend of the academic performance must be established to indicate whether an
increase or a decrease has resulted in the academic performance of the male and
female students over the years being studied. Though studies have been conducted
to be examined the differences in academic performance of male and female
students and the factors which affect their performance (Kimura & Hampson,
1994; Sam, 2016).
Regarding the comparison of males and females in an academic
background, a lot of work has can be found in the available literature. For
instance, (Haley et al. ,2007) reported a significant effect of gender among the
performance of students while considering a course in introductory business
statistics. (Rudasill et al. ,2009) described the role of gender in grade scoring.
(Farooq et al., 2011) concluded that socioeconomic status (SES) and parent’s
education, in addition to gender of student, have a significant effect on student’s
overall academic achievement. (Sahranavard and Hassan ,2013) compared male
and female science students and, however, found no significant difference

7. 4
between their performances. Recently, (Voyer et al., (2014) described the gender
differences in scholastic achievements through meta-analysis.
The standard of education or quality of education is low in our country.
Anybody male or female who has the age of 13 years can appear in the exam of
SSC (Secondary School Certificate). The SSC exams are conducted by BISE
(Board of Intermediate & Secondary Education) in the Pakistan. But here, we will
study the academic performance of male and female students from different BISE
boards of the Punjab, Azad Jammu Kashmir BISE and Federal BISE. On the basis
of SSC result performance, the male and female students get the admissions in
higher education. They select their study fields (Pre-Medical Group, Pre-
Engineering Group, ICS Group, General Science Group, Commerce Group,
Medical Technology Group, Islamic Studies Group, Home Economics Group and
Humanities/Arts Group) on the basis of SSC result performance. The exam of
SSC is very important for students to check the ability in different aspects. On the
basis of SSC result performance, some students are got scholarship and fee
concession benefits.
1.2 Statement of the Problem
Gender male and female equality has been a major issue of discussion
over the years since most educated women now claim that they are being
marginalized. A lot of scholars have studied gender related issue and some are of
the opinion that “what a man can do, a woman can even do better” There are
various characteristics attributed to men and those attributed to women by God.

8. 5
But more importantly there are some which are not attributed to either male or
female. They are based on the survival of the fittest; the stronger claim its place.
One of such attribute is academic performance. There is no where it is written by
God that male should be more intelligent than female but the men folk over the
years have claimed to be more intelligent, more brilliant, superior etc. than their
female counterpart. It is therefore against this background that a critical look at
gender and academic performance with special reference to school education is of
great importance.
Government of Pakistan (2002a) described that, overall, quality of
education had a declining trend in Pakistan and schools were not doing well.
Therefore, the need is to identify the factors responsible for the present state of
affairs (Government of Pakistan, 2002a). This situation needs to be examined in
the perspective of global success or failures in this regard. Therefore, considering
the vitality of the problem, the study focuses on investigating relationship
between school resource inputs and academic achievement of students at the
secondary level in Pakistan.
The aim of this thesis is that the comparison between male and female
students of SSC result performance under the Board of Intermediate & Secondary
Education. We will try to identify marks between male and female students and
also the female students are obtained mores marks than male students. The
purpose of this comparison is to verify the accuracy of the results of the major
part of the study as well as the validity and reliability of the outcomes revealed by
SSC results.

9. 6
1.3 Objective of the Study
The main purpose of the study was to compare the marks of male and female
students in the annual Matriculation Exam 2020 under the BISE.
1. Identify the academic performance of between male and female students.
2. Compare divisions/grades of male and female students of different BISE boards.
3. Compare marks of male and female students of different area within one BISE
board.
4. Explore the relationship between the equality of means marks and the academic
performance of the students.
1.4 Literature Review
Researchers have proposed and suggested that the student’s performance
for school depends upon on the favorable teaching-learning environment. For a
number of decades gender issues in education have been at the forefront of
interest for parents, schools, education authorities and researchers. In many
countries of the world, the male and female differences in educational success are
part of long standing political, public and scientific debates about education. At
the end of the 19th century and in the 1960s, the educational disadvantages of
women were central to debates about gender, by the end of the 20th century
attention had turned to boys, their difference from girls and their lack of
educational success. Upper secondary schooling and tertiary education were male-
dominated.
From the perspective of gender (male & female) differences in education
today, patterns of gender inequalities that are specific to a certain stage within the

10. 7
educational career need to be considered. A recent meta-analysis of empirical
study present different divisions.There are several theoretical and empirical
explanations for the different kinds of gender.
The purpose of this report is to compare the marks of male and female
student of matriculation exams are conducted by Board of Intermediate &
Secondary Education. Also to check the divisions and marks of male and female
students matric exams are conducted by (BISE) board. The comparison of
student’s male and female between different (BISE) boards, within (BISE) board
selected schools, selected area with in one (BISE) board. To test and check the
equality of means of marks between male to female.

11. 8
CHAPTER 2
2.1 MATERIALS AND METHODS

12. 9
LITERATURE CITED
[1] Tabassum, M. I. (2016). The Comparative Study of Achievement of Male and Female
Mathematics Students of Higher Secondary Schools and Colleges at Intermediate Level
in Punjab. Bulletin of Education and Research Vol.38.
[2] Arthur,E.H. & Sam,T. & Osei, & Kattah.(2009) (Emmanuel Kwesi Arthur, 2019)
Comparative analysis of male and female students’ academic performance in financial
accounting: a survey in the cape coast metropolis 2019 International Journal of Social
Science and Humanities Research ISSN 2348-3164 (online)16
[3] Haris Khurram,H. & Aslam,M.(2016) Marks Comparison: a comparative study of marks
distribution of student of matriculation in multan district The Sindh University Journal of
Education Vol. 45
[4] Dahar, M. A. (2011). Relationship between the school resource inputs and academic
achievement of students at secondary level in pakistan. Islamabad: Faculty of Social
Sciences, International Islamic University.

13. 10
[5] Etaga Harrison O, Nwagboo, Chinyere J, Etaga Njideka C. Umeh Edith. U,2017
Gender and academic performances Awka,Nigeria Department of Statistics, Nnamdi
Azikiwe University
[6] Andreas Hadjar, Sabine Krolak-Schwerdt, Karin Priem & Sabine Glock 2014 Gender
and educational achievement https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/rere20
[7] Shabbir, G. 2010 A Study Of The Relationship Between School Affinity And Academic
Achievement Of Students At Secondary Level BahawalpurDepartment of
Education,Islamia University