This document provides an overview of the seed industry in Pakistan. It discusses population and land use trends, the historical development of the seed industry, the roles of public and private sector organizations, variety approval and registration processes, seed laws and regulations, and statistics on registered seed varieties and companies. The key responsibilities of organizations like the Federal Seed Certification and Registration Department are also summarized.

1. BY MUHAMMAD BOOTA Director General, FSC&RD FEDERAL SEED CERTIFICATION & REGISTRATION DEPARTMENT G-9/4, MAUVE AREA, ISLAMABAD, PAKISTAN SEED INDUSTRY OF PAKISTAN MARCH, 2009

3. Source: Agriculture Statistics of Pakistan, 2006-07 Land Utilization Scenario of Pakistan 23.39 Total cropped area 22.00 Cultivated Area 8.33 Cultivable Waste 22.70 Not Available for Cultivation 4.19 Forest 57.22 Total Reported Area 79.61 Total Geographical Area Area (million ha.) Land Use

7. Ministry of Food, Agriculture & Livestock (MINFAL) Islamabad PrSC PrSC PrSC PrSC FSC&RD Punjab Sindh NWFP Balochistan Islamabad PSC SSC DOA DOA PrSC = Provincial Seed Council PSC = Punjab Seed Corporation SSC = Sindh Seed Corporation DOA = Department of Agriculture FSC&RD = Federal Seed Certification & Registration Department, Islamabad National Seed Council (NSC)

13. INFRASTRUCTURE OF FSC&RD 14 17 31 Total: Muzaffarabad, Mirpur -- 2 AJK Sakardu Gilgit 2 N. Areas Dera Allah Yar Quetta 2 Balochistan Larkana, Mirpurkhas Hyderabad, Karachi, Sukkur, Sakrand 6 Sindh D.G.Khan, Vehari, Gujranwala, T.T.Singh, Bahawalpur, Bhakkar, Bahawalnagar Lahore, Sargodha, Sahiwal, Khanewal, Multan, Faisalabad, R.Y.Khan 14 Punjab Abbotabad Peshawar, Mingora, D.I.Khan 4 N.W.F.P -- Islamabad 1 Headquarters New Stations Existing Stations Stations Regions

14. SEED SECTORS AND SEED & PLANTING MATERIAL (Conventional, Hybrid, Transgenic seeds) Private Sector Wheat, Cotton, Rice etc. Farmers Own Source Informal Sector Maize, Sunflower, Fodder and Forages, Potato and Vegetables Seed Importers c. Hybrid Maize, Sunflower, Fodder and Forages Multi Nationals b. Wheat, Cotton, Maize, Rice, Gram, Vegetables, Fruits and Nursery Plants National Companies a. Wheat, Cotton, Maize, Rice, Gram, Vegetables, Fruit and Nursery Plants Public Sector Formal Sector Crops/Seeds Categories Seed Sectors

15. SEED GENERATION SYSTEM CATEGORIES/ CLASSES/ PRODUCTION/ IDENTIFICATION OF SEEDS Not certified by FSC&RD so labels are not issued. Identified by Seed Testing Report/Certificate The purest seed of a particular variety prepared by the breeder of a particular research station/institute Breeder Nucleus Seed (BNS) Pink color labels of importing agency As imported by the importers under Seed (Truth in Labeling Rules, 1991) and assurance of the quality lies on the importers Truthfully Labeled Seed Yellow color labels issued by FSC&RD Seed true to species as approved by the FSC&RD Approved Seed Blue color labels issued by FSC&RD Progeny of basic seed and is produced with the registered growers of the seed producing agencies Certified Seed White color labels issued by FSC&RD Progeny of pre-basic seed and produced by an organization set up by the provincial government Basic Seed White color labels with diagonal violet line issued by FSC&RD Progeny of Breeder/Nucleus Seed (BNS), highest genetic purity seed produced by the respective research institutes/breeders Pre-basic Seed Identification Agency Involved Category /Class

17. NOTIFICATION PARC PCCC FSC&RD VEC VEC DUS PROVINCIAL SEED COUNCIL APPROVAL & RELEASE NATIONAL SEED COUNCIL 2 YRS 2 YRS FSRC VARIETY REGISTRATION SUBMITS MICRO VARIETAL TRIALS ZONAL VARIETAL TRIALS SELECTS PROMISING STRAIN SUB-STATIONS GOVT. FARMS ENLIGHTENED FARMERS BREEDER MAKES CROSSES SELECTS PROMISING STRAIN BREEDING STATIONS PARC PCCC GERMPLASM GERMPLASM ALL CROPS EXCEPT COTTON ONLY COTTON MINFAL

18. Registered & Released Crop Varieties in Pakistan (1980-2008) 481 13 468 12 20 122 62 252 Total 52 0 52 0 8 11 1 32 Vegetables 30 2 28 -- 1 7 -- 20 Fodders 59 -- 63 4 1 17 4 37 Pulses 50 5 45 7 0 20 4 14 Oilseeds 33 1 32 0 0 15 5 12 S.Cane 8 -- 8 -- 3 2 -- 3 Barley 22 2 20 0 0 12 -- 8 Maize 34 -- 34 0 0 6 13 15 Rice 79 3 76 0 0 1 17 58 Cotton 110 0 110 1 7 31 18 53 Wheat Total Private Public Islamabad B.tan NWFP Sindh Punjab Crop/Seed

19. SEED LAWS/ RULES IN PAKISTAN -- Seed Amendment Bill – 2008 10 1988 Procedures, Directions and Seed Standards, 1988 4 5-6-2003 Amendments in Seed (Registration) Rules, 1987 3 28-2-1998 Pakistan Fruit Plants Certification Rules, 1998 5 -- Plant Breeders Rights Bill - 2008 11 12-10-1993 Amendment Seed (Truth-in-Labeling) Rules, 1991 9 19-1-1998 Amendment Seed (Truth-in-Labeling) Rules, 1991 8 12-3-1991 Seed (Truth-in-Labeling) Rules, 1991 7 6-5-2003 Amendment in Pakistan Fruit Plants Certification Rules, 1998 6 1987 Seed (Registration) Rules, 1987 2 1976 Seed Act, 1976 1 Date of Notification Title of Seed Act/Rule Sr

22. NUMBER OF REGISTERED SEED COMPANIES IN PAKISTAN 2008 * Multinationals : Monsanto, Pioneer, ICI ,and Syngenta Source: Federal Seed Certification & Registration Department, Islamabad 682 7 16 66 593 Total 4 - - - 4* Private - Multinationals 674 6 15 65 588 Private – National 4 1 1 1 1 Public Sector Total B.tan NWFP Sindh Punjab Category

23. Marketing of Seed & Planting Material in Pakistan . Citrus, Mango, Apple, Walnut, Date palm, Guava, etc. Fruits Nursery Plants (Public & Private) 6 Wheat, Cotton, Rice, etc. Farmers Own Source 5 Maize, Sunflower, Fodders, Potato, Vegetables Seed Importers 4 Hybrid Seeds of Maize, Sunflower, Fodders etc. Multinationals 3 Wheat, Cotton, Rice, Maize, Gram, Vegetables Private Sector 2 Wheat, Cotton, Rice, Maize, Gram, Vegetables Public Sector 1 Crops Seed Source Sr.#

24. Area, Production and Yield Statistics of Some Major Crops & Vegetables in Pakistan during 2004-07 . 7.0 8.7 8.3 6011.228 7147.622 6636.6 853.365 814.550 795.4 Fruits 22.6 22.7 23.1 56589.3 55471.5 54403 2501.2 2448.1 2359 Fodders 13.8 13.8 14 1816.5 2055.7 1765 131.4 148.7 128 Onion 12.78 12.70 12.77 3138.0 3124.8 3048 245.5 246.3 238.7 Vegetable 831 795 839 221.0 180.8 216 265.8 227.3 257 Rapeseed & Mustard 541 528 597 21.1 17.9 26 39.0 33.9 43 Lentil 479 477 491 15.9 16.5 18 15.9 16.5 38 Mash 636 546 577 138.5 113.9 130 217.8 208.5 225 Mungbean 796 466 794 837.8 479.5 868 1052.3 1028.9 1094 Gram 711 714 760 12856.2 13018.9 14265 3074.8 3103.0 3193 Cotton 2107 2116 1994 5438.4 5547.2 5025 2581.2 2621.4 2520 Rice 3037 2984 2849 3088.4 3109.6 2797 1016.9 1042.0 982 Maize 2716 2519 2586 23294.7 21276.8 21612 8578.2 8447.9 8358 Wheat 2006-07 2005-06 2004-05 2006-07 2005-06 2004-05 2006-07 2005-06 2004-05 Yield per hectare in kg. Production ‘000’ tons Area (000’ hectares) Crop

25. ALL CROPS SEED PROCUREMENT/AVAILABILITY 2007-08 PAKISTAN * Federal Committee on Agriculture (2007-08), Ministry of Food & Agriculture, Islamabad 17 % 272,835 29,543 178,712 64,577 726,398 1,610,515 PAKISTAN 2 % 5,325 4870 - 455 286,750 286,750 Potato 9 12 % 1,975 1,653 - 321 16,040 16,040 Oilseeds 8 13 % 9,542 9,432 - 110 73,378 73,378 Fodders 7 118 % 6,193 5,886 - 307 5,213 5,213 Vegetables 6 2 % 1,124 - 540 584 49,474 49,474 Pulses 5 18 % 190,634 - 135,099 55,534 208,992 1,044,964 Wheat 4 32 % 9,461 6,175 3,072 214 9,561 30,036 Maize 3 49 % 19,404 1,528 13,345 4531 11,990 39,660 Paddy 2 45 % 29,176 - 26,656 2,520 65,000 65,000 Cotton 1 Total Import Private Public Seed Proc. %age Seed Procurement Seed Procurement/ Availability Target As set by FCA * Total Seed Requirement (MT) CROP/ SEED SR#

26. Production of Major Fruit Crops in Pakistan (Production ‘000’ tones) Source: Agriculture Statistics of Pakistan, 2006-07 23.3 23.3 23 24 Almond - 8175.00 622 427 Dates 348.3 351.3 352 334 Apple 1719.2 1753.9 1674 1056 Mango 1472.4 2458.4 1944 1760 Citrus 2006-07 2005-06 2004-05 2003-04 Crop

27. Marketing of Seed & Planting Material in Pakistan. Citrus, Mango, Apple, Walnut, Date palm, Guava, etc. Fruits Nursery Plants (Public & Private) 6 Wheat, Cotton, Rice, etc. Farmers Own Source 5 Maize, Sunflower, Fodders, Potato, Vegetables Seed Importers 4 Hybrid Seeds of Maize, Sunflower, Fodders etc. Multinationals 3 Wheat, Cotton, Rice, Maize, Gram, Vegetables Private Sector 2 Wheat, Cotton, Rice, Maize, Gram, Vegetables Public Sector 1 Crops Seed Source Sr.#

29. PLANT BREEDER’S RIGHTS

33. SALIENT FEATURES PLANT BREEDER’S RIGHTS

47. FSC&RD - PAKISTAN Thanks