This document discusses key scientific terms and distinguishes between observations, inferences, hypotheses, theories, and laws. It defines observations as descriptions of objects or events using the senses without opinions. Inferences draw conclusions from observations and provide reasons. Hypotheses are educated guesses about observations that can be tested. Theories are explanations backed by evidence that are generally accepted. Laws are concise statements of universally observed actions expressed through equations. Theories are more complex than laws and can change, while laws govern single actions.

1. Scientific Terms