U.S. Waste to Energy market and investment opportunities.

1. Waste to Energy:
U.S. market and investment opportunities

2. Table of Contents
Page Title: Page Numbers:
U.S. Profile & Facts 5
Disadvantages & Advantages 19
State Profile 23
Incentive & Concerns 44
Cost 51
Technology 56
Conversion Process 65
Types of Facilities Used In the U.S. 88
Company Profile 91
Industry Agencies Law & More 94
Market Overview 104
Investor Outlook 115
Work Cited 123

3. Waste to Energy:
Definition-
 The conversion of non-recyclable waste materials into the following:
 Useable heat
 Electricity
 Fuel
 It’s often called waste-to-energy (WTE)

4. Waste to Energy:
Definition-
 Getting the energy can be done through:
 Combustion
 Gasification
 Pyrolyzation
 Anaerobic Digestion
 Landfill Gas (LFG) Recovery

5. U.S. Profile and Facts:
A look at Waste to Energy in the U.S.

6. Waste to Energy:
U.S. Profile-
84 WTE
facilities in 23
States
(4 not being
used currently)
Energy
recovered
from 30
Million tons
Sell more
than 14.5
Billon KWH of
renewable
electricity
Recovering
and recycling
of 730,000
tons of metals
Avoids more
than 30
million tons
of CO2E
Enough total
energy to
power
2,250,000
Homes
Compiled by author sourced from WTE.ORG

7. Waste to Energy:
U.S. Consumption-
49,235,940
48,356,727
46,598,300
54,804,290
53,632,006
2010 2011 2012 2013 2014
Amount Of Waste Energy Consumed In The U.S.
(MWhs)
Amount of waste energy Consumed in the U.S (MWHs)
Compiled by author sourced from Statista.com

8. Waste to Energy:
U.S. Facts-
 In 2011, the U.S. combusted about 29 million tons of MSW for energy recovery
 After energy is recovered, approximately 10% of the volume remains as ash
 WTE facilities reduce the amount of greenhouse gases expressed as CO2
equivalents by about 1 ton for every ton of combusted waste
 The WTE facilities produce $3.2 billion in revenue each year and provide
stable support for local economies

9. Waste to Energy:
Municipal Solid Waste-
 U.S. municipal solid waste (MSW) contains items including packaging, food,
grass clippings, sofas, computers, tires and refrigerators
 MSW does not include industrial, hazardous or construction waste
 After recycling and composting, 164 million tons of MSW were discarded in
2012

10. Waste to Energy:
Municipal Solid Waste-
 U.S. waste-to-energy facilities recover more than 730,000 tons of ferrous and
on-ferrous metals
 In the past 5 years, the recycling growth rate has slowed down
 For every tone of paper recycled can save the equivalent of 166 gallons of
gasoline in energy

11. Waste to Energy:
Total MSW Generated in 2013-
Food Waste
15%
Plastics
13%
Wood
6%
Yard
Trimmings…
Rubber, Leather, & Textiles
9%
Glass
5%
Other
3%
Metal
9%
Paper
27%
By Material
(Before Recapturing)
Food Waste
21%
Plastics
18%
Yard Trimmings
8%
Rubber, Leather, & Textiles
12%
Glass
5%
Other
4%
Metal
9%
Wood
8%
Paper
15%
By Material
(After Recapturing)
 Recapturing includes the processes of recycling, composting and waste-to-energy
Compiled by author sourced from EPA.ORG

12. Waste to Energy:
Offtake and Ownership in The U.S.-
48%
52%
WTE Ownership
Publicy Owned Privately Owned
74%
5%
21%
WTE Energy Off Take
Electric Steam Only CHP
Complied by author from WTE.org

13. Disadvantages & Advantages:
The Pros and Cons of the WTE in the U.S.

14. Disadvantages
 The public’s concern about dioxins produced by WTE emission gas
 Initial cost to build WTE plants
 Residues still require proper testing and disposal
 Plants will have to be built to comply with the Clean Air Act
 The potential to neglect other plans for recycling and reuse of waste
 The permitting process

15. Advantages
 Always a reliable source of fuel and current landfill sites can be mined out
 The reduction of waste to landfill and greenhouse gases
 Reduces the reliance on fossil fuels
 Can be operated in any weather year-round

16. Advantages
 Communities with WTE have higher recycling rates
 WTE facilities boots the local economy with more than just high-paying
technical jobs
 There has been a steady increase in landfill tipping fees since 2004
 If electricity produced from MSW plans were to displace coal combustion,
fossil CO2 emissions would decrease.
 Emissions of SO2, NOx, and PM could also be reduced

17. Contact Us for the Full Presentation:
Mediacontact USA Inc.
13575 58TH Street North #160
Clearwater, Fl. 33760
T: 727 538 4112
E: contact@mcusa.co
www.mediacontactusa.com

18. Works Cited:
 Advancing Sustainable Materials Management: 2013 Fact Sheet. Washington, DC: United States Environmental Protection Agency, June
2015. PDF. http://www.epa.gov/wastes/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/2013_advncng_smm_fs.pdf
 “Agricultural & Biomass Waste." Natural Energy Inc. N.p., 20 Nov. 2013. Web. 11 Sept. 2015.
http://www.epa.gov/wastes/nonhaz/municipal/wte/
 "Answers to FAQ." Seas.columbia.edu. Waste-to-Energy Research and Technology Council, n.d. Web. 11 Sept. 2015.
http://www.seas.columbia.edu/earth/wtert/faq.html
 Boekhoudt, André, and Lars Behrendt. "Taxes and Incentives for Renewable Energy." KPMG INTERNATIONAL. KPMG International
Cooperative, Sept. 2014. Web. 11 Sept. 2015. https://www.kpmg.com/Global/en/IssuesAndInsights/ArticlesPublications/Documents/taxes-
incentives-renewable-energy-v1.pdf
 BioEnergy Consult: Powering a Clean Energy Future http://www.bioenergyconsult.com/tag/waste-to-energy-trends/
 Biomass Energy Centre http://www.biomassenergycentre.org.uk/portal/page?_pageid=75,17506&_dad=portal&_schema=PORTAL
 Bloomberg 2014 Sustainable Energy in America http://www.bcse.org/wp-content/uploads/2014SustainableEnergyinAmericaFactbook1.pdf
 Cox, Richard. "RESEARCH REPORT." The Choral Journal 32.8 (1992): 43-45. Web.
http://www.ibm.com/smarterplanet/global/files/us__en_us__cities__14_navigant_research.pdf
 Cunningham, Lynn J., and Beth A. Roberts. Renewable Energy and Energy Efficiency Incentives: A Summary of Federal Programs. N.p.:
Congressional Research Service, 2013. PDF. https://www.fas.org/sgp/crs/misc/R40913.pdf
 "Department of the Treasury | LMOP | US EPA." EPA. Environmental Protection Agency, 21 May 2013. Web. 11 Sept. 2015.
http://www.epa.gov/lmop/publications-tools/funding-guide/federal-resources/index.html
 Ecomania Waste to Energy Plant http://www.ecomaine.org/our-facility/waste-to-energy-plant/
 "Energy-from-Waste." EFW Waste-to-Energy WTE Renewable Energy Facility Clean World Initiative Sustainability. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Sept.
2015. http://www.covanta.com/

19. Works Cited:
 "Energy Incentives for Businesses in the American Recovery and Reinvestment Act." IRS. IRS, 23 Apr. 2015. Web. 11 Sept.
2015. http://www.irs.gov/uac/Energy-Incentives-for-Businesses-in-the-American-Recovery-and-Reinvestment-Act
 Energy World.com An Independent Engineering Evaluation of Waste-to-Energy Technologies Thomas Stringfellow and Robert Witherell, CH2M
HILL Engineers, Inc.http://www.renewableenergyworld.com/articles/2014/01/an-independent-engineering-evaluation-of-waste-to-energy-
technologies.html
 Environmental Research & Education Foundation (EREF) Biological Conversion Overview
http://www.newmoa.org/events/docs/112_109/EREF_MSW_Conversion_Techs_Aug2013.pdf
 xcel Energy http://www.xcelenergy.com/
 Funk, Kip, Jana Milford, and Travis Simpkins. Waste Not, Want Not: Analyzing the Economic and Environmental Viability of Waste-to-Energy
(WTE) Technology for Site-Specific Optimization of Renewable Energy Options. Golden, CO: The Joint Institute for Strategic Energy
Analysis, Feb. 2013. PDF. http://www.nrel.gov/docs/fy13osti/52829.pdf
 He. WTE (n.d.): n. pag. Web. http://www.wte.org/userfiles/files/ERC_2014_Directory.pdf
 How Stuff Works.com Gasification http://science.howstuffworks.com/environmental/green-tech/energy-production/gasification.htm
 "Incineration of Municipal Solid Waste: Understanding the Costs and Financial Risks." Pembina Institute. N.p., 9 May 2007. Web. 11 Sept.
2015. Fact Sheet 4 https://www.pembina.org/reports/Incineration_FS_Costs.pdf
 Industry.usa.siemans.com http://www.industry.usa.siemens.com/automation/us/en/process-instrumentation-and-analytics/process-
analytics/continuous-gas-analytics/Pages/Biogas-landfill-
analyzers.aspx?stc=usiia120073&s_kwcid=AL!464!10!2396329450!24955291792&ef_id=VdYWvwAABf5ySqeE:20150910134737:s
 "ISRN Renewable Energy." (n.d.): n. pag. Web. http://www.energimyndigheten.se/Global/Engelska/News/waste.pdf
 Kasper, Matt. "Energy from Waste Can Help Curb Greenhouse Gas Emissions." Center for American Progress. N.p., 17 Apr. 2013. Web. 11
Sept. 2015. https://www.americanprogress.org/issues/green/report/2013/04/17/60712/energy-from-waste-can-help-curb-greenhouse-gas-
emissions/

20. Works Cited:
 Killinger, Jennifer. The Power of Waste. N.p.: American Chemistry Consil, 9 July 2014. PDF.
http://www.americanchemistry.com/Policy/Energy/Energy-Recovery/The-Power-of-Waste.pdf
 Landfill Gas Recovery http://www.corken.com/Land_Fill_Gas_Recovery
 LOCAL GOVERNMENT CLIMATE AND ENERGY STRATEGY GUIDES Landfill Gas Energy A Guide to Developing and Implementing Greenhouse Gas
Reduction Programs http://www.epa.gov/statelocalclimate/documents/pdf/landfill_methane_utilization.pdf
 Michaels, Ted. The Role of Waste-to-Energy in a Renewable and Carbon-Conscious Environment. Washington, DC: Energy Recovery Council,
17 Mar. 2011. PDF. Metropolitan Washington Council of Governments (COG) Recycling Committee Meeting.
http://www.mwcog.org/uploads/committee-documents/ZF5WX1dX20110321092643.pdf
 Municipal Solid Waste Generation, Recycling, and Disposal in the United States: Facts and Figures for 2012. Washington, DC: United States
Environmental Protection Agency, Feb. 2014. PDF. http://www.epa.gov/wastes/nonhaz/municipal/pubs/2012_msw_fs.pdf
 Natural Energy Systems: Agricultural and Biomass Waste http://www.naturalenergyinc.com/agricultural-biomass-waste
 Pyrocrat Pyrolysisplant.com http://www.pyrolysisplant.com/plastic-and-tyre-pyrolysis/
 REA Renewable Energy Association http://www.r-e-a.net/pdf/energy-from-waste-guide-for-decision-makers.pdf
 2013 Renewable Energy Institute. Austin, TX: UTCLE, The U of Texas School of Law, 2013. Web.
http://www.acore.org/files/pdfs/ACORE_Outlook_for_RE_2014.pdf
 Renewable Energy Standards." SEIA. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Sept. 2015. http://www.seia.org/policy/renewable-energy-deployment/renewable-
energy-standards
 "Renewable Electricity Production Tax Credit (PTC)." Renewable Electricity Production Tax Credit (PTC). Energy.gov, n.d. Web. 11 Sept.
2015. http://energy.gov/savings/renewable-electricity-production-tax-credit-ptc
 Renewable Energy Development: Federal Tax Incentives. N.p.: NATIONAL CONFERENCE OF STATE LEGISLATURES, Mar. 2012. PDF.
http://www.ncsl.org/documents/energy/Fed_Incentives_Renew_Energy.pdf

21. Works Cited:
 The Outlook for Renewable Energy in America. Washington, DC: American Council On Renewable Energy, 2014. PDF.
http://www.acore.org/files/pdfs/ACORE_Outlook_for_RE_2014.pdf
 The Solid Waste Association of North America (SWANA). Waste-to-Energy Facilities Provide Significant Economic Benefits. Solid Waste
Association of North America. N.p., 9 Jan. 2012. Web. 11 Sept. 2015.
http://swana.org/portals/Press_Releases/Economic_Benefits_WTE_WP.pdf
 University of Florida IFAS Extension (EDIS) http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/an159
 USA. US Department of the Treasury. Overview and Status Update of the §1603 Program. N.p.: n.p., n.d. Print.
http://www.treasury.gov/initiatives/recovery/Documents/STATUS%20OVERVIEW.pdf
 “U.S. Industrial Sector Energy Consumption -waste 2014 | Statistic." Statista. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Sept. 2015.
http://www.statista.com/statistics/197194/us-industrial-sector-energy-consumption-from-waste-since-2006/
 Waste Business Journal.com Industry Research & Analysis http://www.wastebusinessjournal.com/overview.htm
 "Waste-to-Energy (Municipal Solid Waste)." Energy Explained, Your Guide To Understanding Energy. N.p., 8 Jan. 2015. Web. 11 Sept. 2015.
http://www.eia.gov/Energyexplained/?page=biomass_waste_to_energy
 Waste Energy Recovery: Renewable Energy from County Landfills. Washington, DC: National Association of Counties, Feb. 2015. PDF.
http://www.naco.org/sites/default/files/documents/WasteEnergy_FINAL.pdf
 "Wheelabrator Technologies Is the World Leader in Safe and Environmentally Sound Conversion of Municipal Solid Waste." Welcome. N.p.,
n.d. Web. 11 Sept. 2015. http://www.wtienergy.com/
 " //." Waste and Recycling Collection Centers and Dumpsters. N.p., n.d. Web. 11 Sept. 2015. http://www.republicservices.com/