State of art of Smart city and Industry 4.0 evolution and standardization process.

1. CROSS-FEATURES&NORMATIVE
ASSETSOFSMARTCITIES&
INDUSTRY4.0
Mokhtar BEN HENDA
Bordeaux-Montaigne University, France
Hanoï, 14 November 2018

2. Smartsystems
conceptual
framework
Generation layering of systems intelligence:
 Intelligent Web
 Smart city
 Smart factory
 Smart society
Artificial Intelligence pedigrees
 Algorithms
 Iot (IIot)

3. Web 1.0 – The static web
Web 2.0 – The writing and
participating web
(Collaborative, social networks)
Web 3.0 – The semantic web
 Semantic markup to provide
context to data
 web service to support
computer-to-computer
interaction over the Internet.
Web 4.0 (5.0) - Open, Linked
and Intelligent Web =
Emotional Web (“symbiotic”
web)
 Communicates with us like we
communicate with each other
 Implies Artificial Intelligence
(Smart)
Industry 1.0 – machine power
Industry 2.0 - technological
revolution (electricity)
Industry 3.0 – digital era
Calculators and computers in
the production process
Development of
communication technologies
Machines abolish the need
for human power.
Industry 4.0 (5.0) – Smart
factories
Machine no longer need
manpower;
IoT allows a product factory
to manage itself virtually;
Prevalence of algorithms &
AI
Smart Cities 1.0: Technology
Driven
Smart Cities 2.0: Technology
Enabled, City-Led
Smart Cities 3.0: Citizen co-
creation
 Active citizens in local projects
Smart city 4.0 (5.0?) - Co-
Innovation
 Develop skills for Industry 4.0
 Implementations of AI, IoT, Big
Data and Cloud on City
Planning and Development
 Improving Citizens’ Lifestyle
with Smart Utilities
The“4.0”generationparadigm:intelligentsystems

4. Thewebgenerations:crossingthechasm!
Web 5.0: Emotive
(Neurotechnology)
5.0
4.0
3.0
2.0
1.0
1.0 2.0 3.0 4.0 5.0

5. TheIndustrialgenerations...backtorealworld
4. Industrial
revolution
Based on cyber-
physical-
systems
3. Industrial revolution
Through the use of electronics
and IT further progression in
autonomous production
2. Industrial revolution
Introducing mass production
lines powered by electric
energy
1. Industrial revolution
Introducing mechanical
production machines powered
by water and steam
End of the
18th century.
Beginning of the
20th century
Beginning of the
70th
Industry 1.0 Industry 3.0Industry 2.0 Industry 4.0
Levelofcomplexity
Today
Source: DFKI/Bauer IAO
Shift
Back from cyber to
real environment
2015
5. Industrial revolution
through a closer
cooperation between man
and machine (Cobots)

6. Industry5.0…backtorealworld
Priority:
apply efficiently combined
workforce of machines and people
(Co-working)
The disruption:
Industry 4.0 valorizes best
quantity and mass production;
Industry 5.0 valorizes quality of
life standard, creativity and high-
quality custom-made products
(personalized).
COBOT or co-robot (from collaborative robot) is a
robot intended to physically interact with humans
in a shared workspace.
https://medium.com/@michael.rada/industry-5-0-definition-6a2f9922dc48

7. Smartcitygenerations…theCitizenaskeystakeholder
Smart Cities 1.0: Technology Driven
 Adoption of technology solutions (tech-driven futuristic urban vision);
 Driven by private sector technology companies (Maket incentives);
 Missing out on how cities interact with their citizens (no public polict)
Smart Cities 2.0: Technology Enabled, City-Led
 Led by cities, as opposed to technology providers;
 Technology solutions as enablers to improve quality of life;
 Barcelona: more than 20 smart-citiy-program areas and literally more than 100 active
smart-citiy-projects (public Wi-Fi, intelligent lighting, electric vehicle charging
infrastructure, etc.
Smart Cities 3.0: Citizen co-creation
 Citizens as investors in local projects for co-creation of improved quality of life;
 Example: Vancouver Greenest City 2020 Action Plan: 30,000 citizens involved.
A Smart City 4.0?
 A unique initiative that will develop skills for Industry 4.0 (Berkley University project)
 Accelerates technologies from young innovators, start-ups and large corporations to create
the best solutions for making cities smart, safe and sustainable. .
The 3 Generations Of Smart Cities. Fast Company Newslerter, October 2015
?

8. Smartcity5.0:Barcelonavirtualmodel
Source: https://www.socinfo.es/contenido/seminarios/0508smartcities7/JuliaLopez.pdf

9. Industry4.0 aspartofSmartcity
Conjunction of the Smart City Initiative and the concept
of Industry 4.0 through:
 Cyber-Physical System (CPS): networking machines and
components;
 Internet of Things (IoT): a network of physical products
embedded with electronics, software, sensors, and network
connectivity allowing collection and exchange of data
 Internet of Services (IoS): advanced connectivity of
devices and products via machine-to-machine (M2M) or
human-to-machine (H2M) communications
 Internet of People (IoP): Cyber-Physical System with
enhanced, people-centric applications (health monitoring,
social networks enhancement)
 Internet of Energy (IoEn): integrated dynamic network
infrastructure interconnecting energy network with the
Internet
 Internet of Everything (IoEv):

10. Smartsociety5.0,a‘New‘concept?
Proposed in the 5th Science and Technology
Basic Plan (Japan, 2016) as a future society for
Japan.
A natural evolution from:
Society 1.0: Hunting(prehistoric),
Society 2.0: Agricultural (Human settlement),
Society 3.0 (18th Century Industrial revolution)
Society 4.0 (20th Century Information Society)
Society 5.0 : A human-centered society by a
system that highly integrates cyberspace and
physical space
Sensors  Big data  AI  Data Analysis
 Feedback to humans in different forms
(DataViz)
Source: http://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/english/society5_0/index.html

11. Intelligence,acommonkeyconceptof«4.0»generations
Intelligence in smart materials, systems and
machines:
Awareness and reaction are key attributes of smart
technology;
 Ability to sense changes in the technological environment
and autonomous reaction to execute measures to adapt to the
change (Machine/Deep Learning);
 Use of coherent systems of sensing and measurement;
All is made with devices, algorithms and processes
Worden, K., Bullough, W.
A., & Haywood, J. (2003).
Smart Technologies.
World Scientific.

12. Algorithms,thepedigreeofintelligence(humanandartificial)
An algorithm is a way of reasoning
(if…then…else // for … do, …);
Our behaviors are all based on
cognitive ‘algorithms’ (reasoning with
inferences, correlations, analogies…);
Algorithms are an ubiquitous part of
our lives (social and cultural)
A kitchen receipt,
A friendship code,
A marketing process,
… everything starting from xxx to conclusion Leo Hickman, The Guardian, 1 Jul 2013

13. Algorithms,thepedigreeofintelligence(humanandartificial)
Artificial: mathematical instructions for computers to
instruct “a step-by-step procedure for calculations”
(Wikipedia)
Memex machine of Vanevar Bush (As we may think, 1945)
Turing test (1950): whether or not computer(machine) can
think intelligently like human
Some computer algorithms are designed to allow computers
to learn on their own (i.e., facilitating machine learning and
automated reasoning)  Deep Learning  Intelligence !

14. InternetofThings:conveysArticialintelligence
New IoT solutions have in-
built AI capabilities from
the beginning
Smart objects:
Interact automatically with
people & other Smart Objects;
Interact automatically with
physical and virtual world
At the very base of Smart cities
and Internet 4.0
Source : Angelique Kramer. Erb's Technology Sollutions, 2017

15. WhatmakesSmartcities«Intelligent»:(SmartCityWheel)
Six action areas of intelligent objects
1.Smart economy
2.Smart governance
3.Smart environment
4.Smart mobility
5.Smart population
6.Smart living environment
Source [Boyd Cohen, “The Smartest Cities in the World 2015: Methodology”, Nov. 2014]

16. SmartCityKeyPerformanceIndicators(KPI)
Source: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Characteristics-and-factors-of-smart-city-Giffinger-et-al-2007_fig1_317305617

17. EuropeanCommissionSmartcityKPIs
Indicators for the evaluation framework is based
on an inventory of the needs of cities and citizens:
People
1.Encouraging a healthy lifestyle
2.Waiting time
3. Quality of public transport
4.Improved flexibility in delivery services
5.Increased environmental awareness
6.Improved digital literacy
7.People reached
8. Increased participation of vulnerable groups
9.Increased use of groundfloors
Planet
1.Life time extension
2.Reduction in water consumption
3.Self-suffiency – Water
4.Self-suffiency – Food
Prosperity
1.Certified companies involved in the project
2.Green public procurement
3.Stimulating an innovation environment
4.Quality of open data
Governance
1.Involvement of the city administration
2.Bottom-up or top-down initiative
3.Participatory governance
Propagation
1.Smart city project visitors
Source: http://nws.eurocities.eu/MediaShell/media/CITYkeysD14Indicatorsforsmartcityprojectsandsmartcities.pdf
24-01-2017

18. Differentcitycontexts,differentclasssifications
Each city develops its own vision of intelligence;
Each city meet special needs and face particular challenges;
Each city has its own experience with Smart systems;

19. WhatmakesIndustry4.0«Intelligent»:(I4.0Wheel)
Nine smart system-areas
1.Cybersecurity
2.Augmented reality
3.Big Data
4.Robots
5.Additive manufacturing
6.Simulation
7.System integration
8.Could computing
9.IoT
Source [Boyd Cohen, “The Smartest Cities in the World 2015: Methodology”, Nov. 2014]

20. Industry4.0KeyPerformanceIndicators(KPI)
KPIs are metrics that include
business dimensions like
customer, financial and process-
related views of the business,
along with measurement factors
like cost, productivity and
quality..
Source: https://www.silvon.com/blog/defining-kpis-manufacturing-business/

21. SmartemergentICT:innovationmeasuringsystems
Smart systems should be based on
innovative technologies;
Successful Smart systems should be
based on good knowledge of the
lifestyles, cultures, behaviors and needs
of the population;
Gartner Inc. is an information
technology (IT) research and
consultancy company that provides
insights about emerging technologies
and their market impact

22. GartnerHypeCycleofemergingtechnologies,2018
Emerging
technologies for
2018

23. GartnerHypeCycleofemergenttechnologies,2017
Emerging
technologies for
2017

24. GartnerHypeCycleofArtificialIntelligence2017
Emerging
technologies
related with
Artifical
Intelligence for
2017

25. HypeCyclefor InternetofThings,2017
Emergent
technologies
related with
Internet of
Things for 2017

26. HypeCyclefor Smartcities,2012
Emergent
technologies
related with
Smart cities for
2012

27. Standards
 Standardization bodies
 Smart city standardization
 Industry 4.0 standardization

28. Standardizationbodies

29. Maingoalsofstandardizationprocess
Interoperability among networks, sensors, and
heterogeneous systems;
Capability of two or more networks, systems,
devices, applications, or components to share
and readily use information securely and
effectively with little or no inconvenience to the
user;
Convergence of different technologies
A process by which telecommunications,
information technology and the media, sectors
that originally operated largely independent of
one another, are growing together.” (Papadakis,
2007).
Smart phone is a good example of converging
several technologies, communication and
broadcast media into one device (mobile phone,
camera, mp3 player, etc.)

30. Smartcity
standards

31. SmartCitymainStandardizationbodies
ISO : International Standards Organisation;
Advisory Group on the Smart Cities Strategy (ISO-AGSC);
Technical Committee 268: Sustainable Development in Communities
IEC: International Electrotechnical Commission: International
Standards for All Electrical, Electronic and Related Technologies;
ITU: International Telecommunications Union;
Focus Group on Smart and Sustainable Cities (FG-SSC);
CEN/CENELEC/ETSI : Coordination Group focused on smart and
sustainable cities and communities;
CEN: European Committee for Standardization;
CENELEC: European Committee for Electrotechnical Standardization;
ETSI: European Telecommunications Standards Institute.

32. SmartCityStandardsproductionprocess
Strategic: advice on the process of
developing an intelligent and
effective global strategy for SCs
(priorities, roadmap, monitoring and
evaluation of progress);
Process: Acquisition and
management of SC projects, best
practices and associated guidelines;
Techniques: implementation of
products and services
Source : [BSI (2015), "Smart cities overview – Guide", BSI Standards Publication,
PD 8100:2015]

33. SmartCityStandardizationcooperationprocess
Integrated approach: a global network rather than a set of distinct
sectors,
Source : [BSI (2015), "Smart cities overview – Guide", BSI Standards Publication, PD 8100:2015]

34. SmartCityStandardizationcooperationprocess

35. Liaisonbetweenstandardizationbodies
Source : Sustainability 2016, 8(3), 206; https://doi.org/10.3390/su8030206

36. (IFP)

37. Industry4.0
standards

38. OverviewofIndustry4.0standards

39. OverviewofIndustry4.0keystandardsproducers

40. DIN(Germany):aleaderinIndustry4.0standardization
The Standardization Council has the task to
coordinate standardization and regulation work
in the field of Industrie 4.0 in Germany and
beyond.
The Plattform Industrie 4.0 primary objectives :
To secure and develop Germany’s top international
position in industrial manufacturing
To produced the “Reference Architectural Model
Industrie 4.0 » (RAMI 4.0) as a reference architecture
model to implement Industry 4.0 solution.

41. ReferenceArchitecturalModelIndustrie4.0(RAMI4.0)
Architecture that offers the
capabilities to connect things even
though they should come from
different sources and design in
using administration shell as
digital interface (Interoperability).
Source: https://www.2b1stconsulting.com/industrie-4-0-or-industry-4-0/

42. ReferenceArchitecturalModelIndustrie4.0(RAMI4.0)
Source: http://i40.semantic-interoperability.org/
A set of fondamental
standards are proposed within
the framework of RAMI 4.0,
related with:
 Safety / Security / Semantics /
Hierarchy levels / Information
Layer / Communication layer /
Digital Factory / Configuration /
Life-cycle / Condition / Energy

43. Buildingsmartcities&Industry4.0inVietnam
Clear Government directions on using the advantages of Industry 4.0 and ICT infrastructure.
Major ICT and telecom groups such as Vietnam Posts and Telecommunications Group (VNPT), Viettel, FPT
and CMC Corporation have been setting up departments specializing in studying and developing technological
applications and smart urban area solutions.
Vietnam has several advantages:
 Most public services are now online (88%),
 Good telecommunication infrastructure,
 High rate of internet users (54% of the country’s population),
 In 2016, Vietnam ranked 79th among the 139 countries in networked readiness index (NRI) and 3rd in terms of
telecommunications affordability.
However, still difficulties in building smart urban areas, especially for limited capital and lack of international
standards
At the recent Industry 4.0 Summit and Expo 2018 in Hanoi, Prime Minister Nguyen Xuan Phuc said Vietnam
is ready to overcome any challenges ahead, moving forward to grasp opportunities presented by Industry 4.0.
He said Vietnam has been researching new global technologies – such as the Internet of Things, big data and
artificial intelligence – to improve its competitiveness and boost innovation.
Source: The Voice of Vietnam, Monday, 07/16/2018. https://english.vov.vn/society/building-smart-cities-trend-of-industry-40-379133.vov
Le Quoc Huu, Chief Architect of Smart City of mobile
network operator Viettel: The Voice of Vietnam,
Monday, 07/16/2018

44. Somerecommendations
Smart cities is one of the multiple challenges of XXIst
C.
Acting with combined strategy of Revolution 4.0 and
Smart cities improves quality of life, developing
prosperity;
Recommendations to help Vietnam to capture the
opportunities offered by both technologies:
1. Legal framework,
2. Science & Technology development in combination with
human resource development (refined skills),
3. Developing communications industry,
4. Subscribing into international standards,
5. Strengthening international cooperation,
6. Creating a dynamic business environment that
promotes pervasive and ubiquitous smart technologies
in the society ...
VASS: International Workshop "Industrial Revolution 4.0: opportunities and challenges for Europe and experiences for Vietnam“, October 26,
http://en.utc2.edu.vn/cooperations/international/the-intentional-conference-building-smart-
cities-in-vietnam-vision-and-solutions-6.html