Drug delivery system for cancer therapy through nanoparticles

1. Nanocarriers in Drug Delivery for
Cancer Treatment
Course title: Phramaceutical Biotechnology
Course code: PHRM 407
Section: 02
Group No: 06
Semester: Fall 2017
Submitted To:
Shafia Tasnim Khan
Adjunct faculty,
Department of Pharmacy
Submitted By:
Mohiuddin Hasan ID: 2015-1-70-013
Nahid Hasan ID: 2015-1-70-039
Sadaf Ishayat Khan ID: 2015-1-70-044
Shihab Uddin Ahmed ID: 2015-1-70-058
Sharmin Afroze ID: 2015-1-70-073

2. What is nanocarrier?
 Nanomaterial being used as a transport molecule for
another substance, such as a drug
 Nanocarriers as drug delivery system are currently being
studied for their unique characteristics which
demonstrate potential use in chemotherapy
 Commonly used: micelles, polymers, carbon-based
materials, liposomes and other substances

3. Properties of cancer cells
 Cancer cells divide more
rapidly than healthy cells
 Cell division at an accelerated
rate form a mass of tissue
called tumor
 Rapid rate of growth allows to
intake an abnormal amount of
nutrients (i.e., folic acid)
 Nanoparticles can be used to
target bio markers or antigens
that are highly specific to
cancer cells

4. Types of Nanocarriers
 Polymeric
nanoparticles
 Drugs conjugated to the side chain of a
linear polymer by covalent bond
 Water –soluble , non toxic, bio degradable
 Selective accumulation and retention in
tumor tissue
 Specific targeting of cancer cells-receptor
mediated targeting with a ligand
 Ex: Albumin-Taxol
 Polymeric micelles
 Amphiphilic block copolymers assemble to
form a micelle
 Hydrophobic core and hydrophilic shell
 Suitable for water soluble drug
 Bio compatible ,self-assembling , bio
degradable, targeting potential
 Ex: PEG-PLA-Taxol
Dendrimers
 Radially emerging hyper branched
synthetic polymer
 High structural and chemical homogeneity
 Control degradation
 Multifunctionality
 Ex: PAMAM-MTX
Liposomes
 Self -assembling closed colloidal structure
composed of lipid bilayers
 Amphiphilic , bio compatible
 Ease of modification and targeting
potential
 Ex: Pegylated liposomal DOX

5. Types of Nanocarriers
Viral nanoparticles
 Protein cages , multivalent, self-assenbled
structures
 Specific tumor targeting,
multifunctionality
 Biological compatibility and inert nature
 Ex : HSP-DOX
Carbon nanotubes
 Carbon cylinders composed of benzene
ring
 Water soluble and bio compatible
 Multifunctionality
 Ex: CNT-MTX

6. Types of Targeted Drug Delivery
Passive Targeting
 Based on pharmacological factors of the
disease therapeutic agents are selectively
accumulated in targeted tissue
 Because of enhanced permeability and
retention effect of tumor vessel
nanocarriers can easily accumulated inside
the targeted tissue
 Acidic environment also enhance the
passive targeting of nanocarriers inside the
tumor cells.
Active Targeting
 Solve multiple obstacles of passive
targeting includes mucosal barriers,
nonspecific uptake of the particle and non-
specific drug delivery,
 Ligand and antibody are attached to the
nanocarriers to solve these obstacles

7. Applications of
nanocarriers
 Optical nanoparticles are used for better
cancer diagnosis and detection (i.e.,ICG)
 To develop effective antitumor agent and
less toxic drug systems monoclonal
antibodies and liposomesis are coupling
 Tomography is used for better cancer
imaging with contrast agents
 Provide better therapy : Photothermal
Therapy (PTT) and Radiotherapy are
attractive technology in nanomedicine
 Protect drugs from being degraded
inside the body before they reach their
target site
 Enhance the absorption of drugs into
tumors and into the cancerous cells
Limitations of
nanocarriers
 Shows toxicity
 Carcinogenic in nature by causing DNA
mutation
 Associated with asthma, bronchitis,
Alzheimer’s disease, and Parkinson’s
disease
 Highly dependent on surface chemistry
 Need for biocompatible and stable
nanoparticles

8. Future Perspectives of nanocarriers
 Advancement of the nanoscale drug delivery system and nanoscale imaging,
multifunctional smart nanoparticles
 Applied for simultaneous in vivo imaging and treatment of cancers
 Capable of detecting malignant cells, visualizing their location in the body
 Killing the cancer cells with minimal side effects by sparing normal cells
 Real time treatment effects monitoring
“Nanotechnology is an idea that most people simply didn't believe”
Ralph Merkle