Indian agriculture has experienced significant growth and changes over time. Some key points: 1) Agriculture remains an important part of the Indian economy, providing employment to around half of India's workforce and contributing approximately 13-15% to national GDP. 2) Both agricultural production and productivity have increased substantially over the past decades due to factors like increased usage of inputs, irrigation expansion, mechanization, and crop intensification. 3) However, Indian agriculture still faces challenges to sustain its growth from population pressure on land, climate change impacts, lack of post-harvest infrastructure. Future strategies are needed to boost productivity while ensuring food security.

1. Growth and Performance of Indian
Agriculture and its Future Challenges
1
MOHIT KUMAR
2015A04M

2. Outline of the presentation
• Introduction
• Importance of Agriculture in Indian Economy
• Factors affecting growth of Indian agriculture
• Growth in area, production and productivity
• Stock of Food grains in central pool
• Trends in import and export of agricultural products
• Agriculture & National GDP
• Different revolutions related to Agriculture
• Future challenges to agriculture sector in India
• Suggestions to overcome future challenges
• Conclusion
• References
2

3.  Everything can wait but agriculture
can’t.
Jawaharlal Nehru
 The momentum of growth of a developing
economy resides solely on it’s Agriculture
sector.
Dr. D.Subba Rao
( Former RBI Governor)
3

4. • In the beginning of eighteenth century(1723) Angus Madison
British economic historian describe India as one of the richest
country in the world and constitute about 23 per cent of global
GDP.
• We had been reduced to(1947)
 One of the poorest
 Most backward
 16% literacy rate
 Economic growth less than 1%
 Particularly no domestic industry
 90% BPL
Pax Indica2012 , Sashi Tharur
INTRODUCTION

5. TRADITIONALAGRICULTURE MODERN AGRICULTURE
LESSER PRODUCTION &
PRODUCTIVITY
HIGHER PRODUCTION &
PRODUCTIVITY
STATE OF HUNGER STATE OF FOOD SECURITY
POOR INFRASTRUCTURE HIGHLY DEVELOPED
INFRASTRUCTURES
TECHNOLOGICALLY DEPRIVED TECHNOLOGICAL
ADVANCEMENT
LOW PER CAPITA INCOME HIGH PER CAPITA INCOME
LOW STANDARD OF LIVING HIGHER STANDARD OF LIVING
5

6. Importance of Agriculture for India
 Account for 18 per cent of human population & 15 per cent of
livestock population of world
 Population is increasing at an average growth rate of 1.25 per cent
per annum
 Provides employment to 48.5 percent of total work force
 Accounts for 14.17 per cent of total national exports
 Accounts for 3.87 per cent of total national imports
 Contributes 13.7 per cent towards GDP
 Growth of economy is closely associated with growth of its
agricultural sector
6
Source: Agricultural statistics at a glance- 2014, GOI, Yojna June2016

7. State of Indian Agriculture
• Total geographical area : 329 Million Hectare
• Total cropped area : 198.97 Million hectare
• Net cropped area : 141.58 Million hectare
• Total irrigated area : 89.36 Million hectare
• Net irrigated area : 63.60 Million hectare
• Total fertilizer consumption : 255.36 Million Tonnes
• Total credit availability : 607.37 Thousand Crore rupee
• Gross capital formation : 234.27 Thousand Crore rupee
• Total food grain production : 257.13 Million Tonnes
• Total horticultural production : 268.84 Million Tonnes
• Total pulse production : 19.27 Million Tonnes
• Total Oilseed Production : 32.88 Million Tonnes
• Total milk production : 137.7 Million Tonnes
7
Source: Agricultural statistics at a glance- 2014, GOI

8. • Total Indian export : 1634.67 Thousand Crore rupee
• Total agricultural export : 230.14 Thousand Crore Rs
• Share of agriculture in total export : 14.1%
• Share in Total Export earning : 14.7%
• Total Indian imports : 2669.83 Thousand Crore rupee
• Total agricultural imports : 105.14 Thousand Crore rupee
• Share of agriculture in total imports : 3.87 %
• Share of agriculture in nations GDP : 13.7 per cent
• Per capita availability of Milk : 290 gm/ day
• Per capita availability of food grains : 510.8gm/day
• Per capita availability of food pulses : 47.12gm/day
8
Source: Agricultural statistics at a glance- 2014, GOI
State of Indian Agriculture

9. • Achieved Growth rate (11th FYP) :3.64 percent
• Target growth rate (12th FYP) :4.0 percent
• Global rank in farm outputs :2nd
• First in the production of :Milk, Pulses, Livestock, Jute,
Tea and Cauliflower.
• Second in the production of :Wheat, Rice, Fruit, Vegetables,
Sugarcane, onion, Groundnut and
Tobacco.
• Third in the production of :Tobacco, Cotton
• Fourth in the production of :Natural rubber
• Seventh in the production of :Coffee
• Major agricultural export product :Rice>Cashew>Wheat>Tea>Tobacoo
• Major agricultural imported products :Vegetable oil>Pulses>Fruit
9
Sources: Agricultural statistics at a glance- 2014, GOI,
A competitive Book of Agriculture, Nem Raj Sunda

10. Growth of Agriculture
Sector
10

11. 11
GROWTH IN
PRODUCTION
AND
PRODUCTIVITY
1.LAND AREA
UNDER
CULTIVATION
2.GROWTH IN
INPUT USAGE
4.AVAILABILITY OF
AGRICULTURAL
CREDIT
9.SUPPORTIVE
GOVT. POLICIES &
SCHEMES
3.AVAILABILITY OF
LABOUR
6.FAVOURABLE
AGRICULTURAL
INFRASTRUCTURE
10. MONSOON
Factors affecting Growth of Agricultural Sector
5. CAPITAL
FORMATION IN
AGRICULTURE
8. AGRO-
PROCESSING &
VALUE ADDITION
7.TECHNOLOGICA
L UPGRADATION

12. S No Classification
1950-
51
1960-
61
1970-
71
1980-81
1990-
91
2000-01 2010-11 2011-12
1 Total Geographical area 328.73 328.73 328.73 328.73 328.73 328.73 328.73 328.73
2
Reported Area for Land
use statistics (A-E)
284.32 298.46 303.75 304.16 304.86 305.13 305.9 305.81
A). Forest 40.48 54.05 63.83 67.46 67.81 69.74 70.01 70.02
B). Not Available for
Agriculture
47.52 50.75 44.61 39.55 40.48 41.23 43.56 43.52
C). Other uncultivated
land excluding fallow
49.45 37.64 35.13 32.31 30.22 27.74 26.17 26.29
D). Fallow land 28.12 22.82 19.33 24.55 23.37 25.04 24.59 25.38
E.) Net area sown 118.75 133.2 140.86 140.29 143 141.34 141.58 140.80
3
Area sown more than
once
13.15 19.57 24.93 34.63 42.74 44 57.39 54.44
4 Cropping Intensity (%) 111.07 114.69 117.7 123.05 129.89 131.13 139.3.9 138.67
5 Net Irrigated Area 20.85 24.66 31.1 38.72 48.02 55.2 63.6 65.26
6 Gross Irrigated Area 22.56 27.98 38.2 49.78 63.2 76.19 89.36 91.53
12
Source: Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, 2014(Ministry of Agriculture)
Land Use Pattern & Area under Irrigation in India
(Area in Million Hectare)

13. Agriculture Land Use Pattern in India
13
A. Forest
14%
B. Not Available
for Agriculture
17%
C. Other
uncultivated land
excluding fallow
17%
D. Fallow land
10%
E. Net area sown
42%
1950-51
A. Forest
21%
B. Not Available for
Agriculture
18%
C. Other
uncultivated land
excluding fallow
10%
D. Fallow land
8%
E. Net area sown
43%
2012-13
Source: Pocket Book on Agricultural Statistics, 2015 (Ministry of Agriculture),GOI
1950-
51
2012-
13
chang
e
Net sown 42 43 +1
Forest area 14 21 +7
Not
available
for
agriculture
17 18 +1
Other
uncultivat
ed land
excluding
fallow
17 10 -7
Fallow 10 8 -2
In percent

14. Production & Use of Agricultural Inputs in India
S.No. Programmes Unit 2001 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
1 SEEDS
A. Production of Breeder seeds 000, QTLs 42.69 118.85 123.38 125
B. Production of Foundation seeds Lakh QTLs 5.91 17.53 21.86 22.5
C. Distribution of Certified/ Quality
seeds
Lakh QTLs 86.27 277.34 294.85 300.1
2
CONSUMPTION OF
CHEMICAL FERTILIZERS
A.Nitrogen Lakh Tonnes 109.2 165.58 173 168.21
B. Phosphorus Lakh Tonnes 42.15 80.5 79.14 66.53
C.Potassium Lakh Tonnes 15.67 35.14 25.26 20.62
D. Total (N+P+K) Lakh Tonnes 167.02 281.22 277.4 255.36
E. Per hectare Kg 89.63 146.32 144.33 128.34
3
CONSUMPTION OF
PESTICIDES
000, QTLs 43.58 55.54 52.98 56.09
14
Source: Department of Agriculture & Co-operation, New Delhi
Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, 2014(Ministry of Agriculture)

15. Year
Consumption
(Lakh Tonnes)
Production
(Lakh Tonnes)
Import
(Lakh Tonnes)
Value of
Import
( Rs. Crore)N P K Total N P Total N P K Total
1981-82 40.69 13.22 6.73 60.64 31.44 9.49 40.93 10.54 3.43 6.44 20.41 716.62
1985-86 56.61 20.05 8.08 84.74 43.28 14.28 57.56 16.8 8.16 9.03 33.99 1405
1989-90 73.86 30.14 11.68 115.68 67.47 17.96 85.43 5.23 13.11 12.8 31.14 1538.77
1993-94 87.88 26.69 9.09 123.66 72.31 18.16 90.47 15.88 7.22 8.57 31.67 1300.18
1997-98 109 39.14 13.73 161.88 100.9 29.76 130.62 13.62 6.72 11.4 31.74 1296.57
2001-02 113.1 43.82 16.67 173.59 107.7 38.6 146.28 2.59 4.29 17.01 23.99 113.09
2005-06 127.2 52.04 24.13 203.4 113.5 42.21 155.75 13.85 11.21 27.47 52.53 1747.34
2009-10 155.8 72.74 36.32 264.86 119 43.21 162.21 34.47 25.56 29.44 91.47 5754.01
2010-11 165.6 80.5 35.14 281.22 221.6 42.22 263.78 45.64 37.38 38.81 121.8 8348.89
2011-12 173 79.14 25.76 277.91 122.6 41.03 163.61 55.72 42.98 24.98 123.7 15442.02
2012-13 168.2 66.53 20.62 255.36 121.9 35.4 157.34 48.01 27.97 15.59 91.52 15980.22
15
Source: Department of Fertilizers, Ministry of Agriculture
Consumption, Production & Import of Fertilizers in India

16. 16
0
50
100
150
200
250
300
350
Consumption In Million tonnes N
Consumption In Million tonnes P
Consumption In Million tonnes K
Consumption In Million tonnes Total
Linear (Consumption In Million tonnes Total)
Year
Consumption
N P K Total
CAGR
(%)
1981-82 40.69 13.22 6.73 60.64
1985-86 56.61 20.05 8.08 84.74 8.72
1989-90 73.86 30.14 11.68 115.68 8.09
1993-94 87.88 26.69 9.09 123.66 1.68
1997-98 109 39.14 13.73 161.88 6.96
2001-02 113.1 43.82 16.67 173.59 1.76
2005-06 127.2 52.04 24.13 203.4 4.04
2009-10 155.8 72.74 36.32 264.86 6.8
2010-11 165.6 80.5 35.14 281.22 1.51
2011-12 173 79.14 25.76 277.91 -0.3
2012-13 168.2 66.53 20.62 255.36 -2.09
Source: Department of Fertilizers, Ministry of Agriculture
Agricultural Statistics at a Glance, 2014(Ministry of
Agriculture)
Trends in Fertilizer consumption
In million tones

17. Availability of Labour force in Agriculture sector in India
Year
Total
Population
Av. Annual
exponential
growth rate (%)
Rural
Population
Agricultural workers
CAGR
(%)Cultivators
Agril.
Labours
Total
(1) (2) (3) (4) (5) (6) (7)=5+6 (8)
1951 361.1 1.25 298.6
69.9
(23.40%)*
27.3
(9.14%)
97.2
1961 439.2 1.96 360.3
99.6
(27.64%)
31.5
(8.74%)
131.1 3.03
1971 548.2 2.2 439
78.2
(17.81%)
47.5
(10.82%)
125.7 -0.42
1981 683.3 2.22 525.6
92.5
(17.59%)
55.5
(10.55%)
148 1.64
1991 846.4 2.16 630.6
110.7
(17.56%)
74.6
(11.83%)
185.3 2.27
2001 1028.7 1.96 742.6
127.3
(17.14%)
106.8
(14.38%)
234.1 2.36
2011 1210.6 1.64 833.5
118.7
(14.24%)
144.3
(17.31%)
263 1.17
17
* - Percent in parentheses represents percent of rural population
Source: Registrar General of India
(In Million)

18. Flow of Institutional Credit to Agricultural sector
Agency
1990-
91
2000-
01
2001-
02
2002-
03
2003-
04
20004-
05
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
ST Credit
Co-operatives 14.771 16.528 18.787 19.668 22.640 27.157 34.390 38.622 40.515 40.230 56.946 69.038 81.829 102.592
RRB 2.423 3.245 3.777 4.775 6.088 10.010 12.712 16.631 20.715 22.413 29.802 38.121 47.401 55.957
Commercial
Banks
11.697 13.486 17.904 21.104 26.192 36.793 57.640 83.202 122.289 147.818 189.908 NA 266.928 314.951
Other 0.074 0.055 0.041 0.039 0.057 0.104 0.068 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sub- Total (A) 28.965 33.314 40.509 45.586 54.977 74.064 105.350 138.455 183.519 210.461 226.658 107.159 396.158 473.500
CAGR (%) 1.40 21.59 12.53 20.60 34.71 42.24 31.42 32.54 14.68 7.69 -52.72 269.69 19.52
MT/LT Credit
Co-operatives 3.489 4.190 4.737 3.968 4.235 4.074 4.474 3.858 3.169 5.962 6.551 9.083 6.134 8.611
RRB 0.749 0.974 1.077 1.295 1.493 2.394 2.511 3.804 4.099 4.352 5.415 6.172 7.049 7.724
Commercial
Banks
13.036 14.321 15.683 18.670 26.249 44.688 67.837 83.283 58.798 81.133 95.892 NA 101.688 117.540
Other 0.029 0.028 0.039 0.041 0.027 0.089 0.314 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Sub- Total (B) 17.303 19.513 21.536 23.974 32.004 51.245 75.136 90.945 66.066 91.447 107.858 15.255 114.871 133.875
ST+MT/LT
Credit
Co-operatives 18.260 20.718 23.524 23.636 26.875 31.231 39.404 42.480 48.258 46.192 63.497 78.121 87.963 111.203
RRB 3.172 4.219 4.854 6.070 7.581 12.404 15.223 20.435 25.312 26.765 35.217 44.293 54.450 63.681
Commercial
Banks
24.733 27.807 33.587 39.774 52.441 81.481 125.477 166.485 181.088 228.951 285.800 345.877 368.616 432.491
Other 0.103 0.083 0.080 0.080 0.084 0.193 0.382 0 0 0 0 0 0 0
Total (A+B) 46.268 52.827 62.045 62.045 86.981 125.309 180.486 229.400 254.658 301.908 384.514 468.291 511.029 607.375
CAGR (%) 1.33 17.44 18.12 40.19 44.06 44.03 27.10 11.01 18.55 27.36 21.78 9.12 18.85
18
(Rs. In 000, Crore)
Source: Deptt. of Agriculture & Co-operation, Credit Division

19. 19
40%
7%
53%
0%
Co-operatives
RRB
Commercial Banks
Other
18%
11%
71%
0%
2012-13
Co-operatives
RRB
Commercial Banks
Other
Source: Deptt. of Agriculture & Co-operation, Credit Division
Availability of Labour force in Agriculture sector in India
Share of different institutional agencies in Agricultural credit
1990-91

20. Gross Capital Formation in Agriculture & Allied Sector
Year
GCF in Agricultural & allied sector
Public Private Total CAGR (%)
2004-05
16187
(6.7)
59909
(7.8)
76096
(7.5)
--
2005-06
20739
(7.1)
69204
(7.4)
89943
(7.3)
18.19
2006-07
25606
(7.2)
75496
(6.7)
101102
(6.8)
12.40
2007-08
27638
(6.3)
95679
(6.8)
123317
(6.7)
21.97
2008-09
26692
(5.0)
133655
(9.6)
160347
(8.3)
30.02
2009-10
33201
(5.6)
151325
(9.2)
184526
(8.3)
15.07
2010-11
32073
(4.9)
161513
(7.8)
193586
(7.1)
4.90
2011-12
38514
(5.3)
195756
(8.8)
234270
(8.0)
21.01
2012-13
45511
(5.5)
232328
(9.6)
277839
(8.6) 15.6
20
Figures in parenthesis indicates share in percentage.
Source: Central Statistic Office, New Delhi
(Rs. In Crore)
At current price

21. Performance of SW Monsoon during 1990-2013
Year
No. of
Meteorological
subdivisions with
Excess/ Normal
Rainfall
No. of
Meteorological
subdivisions with
Deficient/ Scanty
Rainfall
% of districts with excess/
Normal Rainfall
Actual Rainfall as % of
Normal Rainfall (All India)
1990 32 3 88 119
1991 27 8 68 91
2001 30 5 68 92
2010 31 5 69 102
2011 33 3 76 101
2012 23 13 58 92
2013 30 6 72 106
21
(1st June – 30th September)
Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Department of Agriculture & Co-operation

22. Growth in Area, Production & Productivity of food grain
Year
Area
(Million
Hectare)
CAGR
(%)
Production
(Million
Tonnes)
CAGR
(%)
Productivity
(Qtl/hectare)
CAGR
(%)
1950-51 97.32 50.82 52.2
1955-56 110.56 2.58 66.85 5.63 60.5 2.99
1960-61 115.58 0.89 76.67 2.77 66.2 1.81
1965-66 115.1 -0.08 72.35 -1.15 62.9 -1.01
1970-71 124.32 1.55 108.42 8.42 87.2 6.75
1975-76 128.18 0.61 121.03 2.22 94.4 1.59
1980-81 126.67 -0.23 129.59 1.37 102.3 1.62
1985-86 128.02 0.21 150.44 3.02 117.5 2.80
1990-91 127.84 -0.02 176.39 3.23 138 3.26
1995-96 121.02 -1.09 180.42 0.45 149.1 1.55
2000-01 121.05 0.001 196.81 1.75 162.6 1.74
2005-06 121.6 0.09 208.6 1.17 171.5 1.07
2010-11 126.67 0.82 244.5 3.22 193 2.39
2011-12 124.75 -1.51 259.29 6.04 207.8 7.66
2012-13 120.16 -3.67 255.36 -1.51 212.5 2.26
22
Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Dept. of Agriculture & Co-operation

23. Trends in Production & Productivity of major agricultural crops
S.No. CROPS 1950-51 1960-61 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
1 FOOD
GRAINS
50.82 82.02 108.42 129.59 176.39 196.81 244.29 259.29 257.13 264.77
Rice 20.85
(668)
34.58
(1018)
42.22
(1123)
53.63
(1336)
74.29
(1740)
84.98
(1901)
95.98
(2239)
105.3
(2393)
105.24
(2462)
106.54
Wheat 6.46
(663)
11
(851)
23.83
(1307)
36.31
(1630)
55.14
(2281)
69.68
(2708)
86.87
(2988)
94.88
(3177)
93.51
(3118)
95.91
Maize 1.73 4.08 7.49 6.96 8.96 12.04 21.73 21.76 22.26 24.35
Coarse Cereals 15.38 23.74 30.55 29.02 32.7 31.08 43.4 42.01 42.5 43.05
2 PULSES 8.41
(441)
12.7
(539)
11.82
(524)
10.63
(473)
14.26
(549)
11.08
(544)
18.24
(630)
17.09
(691)
18.34
(699)
19.27
(NA)
Gram 3.65 6.25 5.2 4.33 5.36 3.86 8.22 7.7 8.83 9.88
Arhar (Tur) 1.72 2.07 1.88 1.96 2.41 2.25 2.86 2.65 3.02 3.29
Lentil NA NA 0.37 0.47 0.85 0.92 0.94 0.51 NA NA
3 OILSEEDS
5.16
(481)
6.98
(507)
9.63
(579)
9.37
(532)
18.61
(771)
18.44
(810)
32.48
(1193)
29.8
(1133)
30.94
(1169)
32.41
(NA)
Groundnut 3.48 4.81 6.11 5.01 7.51 6.41 8.26 6.96 4.69 7.47
Rapeseed &
Mustard
0.76 1.35 1.98 2.3 5.23 4.19 8.18 6.6 8.02 7.82
Soybean NA NA 0.01 0.94 2.6 5.28 12.74 12.21 14.66 11.94
Sunflower NA NA 0.08 0.07 0.87 0.65 0.65 0.52 0.54 0.54
23
Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Ministry of agriculture, GOI
(Production in MT)
(Production of cotton in Million Bales ,170 Kg each)
(Productivity in Kg/ha)
(Productivity of Sugarcane in 000,Kg/ ha)

24. S.No. CROPS 1950-51 1960-61 1970-71 1980-81 1990-91 2000-01 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13 2013-14
4 COTTON
3.04
(88)
5.6
(125)
4.76
(106)
7.01
(152)
9.84
(225)
9.52
(190)
33
(499)
35.2
(491)
34.2
(482)
36.5
(NA)
5
JUTE &
MESTA
3.31
(1043)
5.26
(1104)
6.19
(1032)
8.16
(1130)
9.23
(1634)
10.56
(1888)
10.62
(2192)
11.4
(2283)
10.93
(2338)
11.4
(NA)
6 SUGARCANE
57.05
(33.42)*
110
(45.54)
126.37
(48.32)
154.25
(57.84)
241.05
(65.39)
295.96
(68.57)
342.38
(70.09)
361.04
(71.66)
341.2
(66.98)
348.38
(NA)
7 TOBACCO
0.26
(731)
0.31
(766)
0.36
(810)
0.48
(1065)
0.56
(1353)
0.34
(1318)
0.88
(1794)
0.82
(1772)
NA NA
24
Trends in Production & Productivity of major agricultural crops
(Production in MT)
(Production of cotton in Million Bales ,170 Kg each)
(Productivity in Kg/ha)
(Productivity of Sugarcane in 000,Kg/ ha)
Source: Directorate of Economics & Statistics, Ministry of agriculture, GOI

25. Year
Area
(000, Ha)
CAGR
(%)
Production
(000, Metric T)
CAGR
(%)
Productivity
(Metric T/ha)
CAGR
(%)
1991 12770 96562 7.56
2001 16592 2.65 145785 4.21 8.79 1.51
2002 16270 -1.94 144380 -0.96 8.87 1.00
2003 19208 18.06 153302 6.18 7.98 -10.06
2004 18445 -3.97 166939 8.90 9.05 13.40
2005 18707 1.42 182816 9.51 9.77 7.98
2006 19389 3.65 191813 4.92 9.89 1.23
2007 20207 4.22 211235 10.13 10.45 5.67
2008 20662 2.25 214716 1.65 10.39 -0.59
2009 20876 1.04 223089 3.90 10.69 2.83
2010 21825 4.55 240531 7.82 11.02 3.13
2011 23242 6.49 257277 6.96 11.07 0.44
2012 23694 1.94 268847 4.50 11.35 2.50
25
Trends in Area, Production & Productivity of Horticultural crops
Source: Director of Horticulture/Agriculture of respective State/UT’s

26. Trends in all India Production of Milk, Eggs, Wool & Fish
Year
Milk
(Million Tonnes)
Eggs
(Billion Nos.)
Wool
( Million Kg)
Fish
(000, Tonnes)
1985-86 44 16.1 39.1 2876
1990-91 53.9 21.1 41.2 3836
1995-96 66.2 27.2 42.4 4949
2000-01 80.6 36.6 48.4 5656
2005-06 97.1 46.2 44.9 6572
2010-11 121.8 63 43 8231
2011-12 127.9 66.5 44.7 8666
2012-13 132.4 69.7 46.1 9019
26
Source: Dept. of Animal Husbandry, Dairying & Fisheries, Ministry of Agriculture

27. Performance of
Agriculture Sector
27

28. Stock of Food grains in Central Pool
Years Rice Wheat Coarse Cereals Total
1991 9.63 9.38 0.12 19.13
2001 20.27 25.04 0.03 45.77
2011 25.58 21.54 0.1 47.22
2012 29.72 25.67 0.1 55.49
2013 32.22 34.88 0.09 66.69
2014 14.70 25.08 0.38 43.12
28
( In Million Tonnes,)
(As per Jan 1st)
Source: Department of Food & Public Distribution, Government of India

29. Trends in Import & Export of Agricultural products
Year
Agricultural
Imports (AI)
CAGR
(%)
% of AI
to
TNI
Agricultural
Exports (AE)
CAGR
(%)
% of AE
to
TNE
1990-91 1.20 2.79 6.01 18.49
1991-92 1.47 22.59 3.09 7.83 30.35 17.8
1992-93 2.87 94.56 4.54 9.04 15.33 16.84
1993-94 2.32 -19.08 3.18 12.58 39.22 18.05
1994-95 5.93 55.10 6.6 13.22 5.05 15.99
1997-98 8.78 32.84 5.7 24.83 2.77 19.09
1998-99 14.56 65.82 8.12 25.51 2.73 18.25
1999-00 16.06 10.29 7.45 25.31 -0.77 15.91
2000-01 12.08 -24.77 5.29 28.65 13.20 14.23
2004-05 22.81 3.81 4.55 41.60 14.24 11.08
2005-06 21.49 -05.75 3.26 49.21 18.30 10.79
2006-07 29.63 37.85 3.53 62.14 26.26 10.88
2007-08 29.90 0.90 2.95 79.03 27.19 12.05
2008-09 37.18 24.33 2.71 85.55 8.23 10.18
2009-10 59.52 60.09 4.37 89.34 4.42 10.57
2010-11 57.33 -3.68 3.41 117.48 31.49 10.28
2011-12 82.81 44.44 3.53 187.60 59.68 12.8
2012-13 109.21 31.86 4.09 230.14 22.67 14.1
29
(Value in Rs. 000,Crore)
Source: Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence & Statistics, Ministry of Commerce

30. Trends in Agricultural Imports/ Exports and Share
out of Total National Imports/ Exports
30
Source: Directorate General of Commercial Intelligence & Statistics, Ministry of Commerce

31. GDP by Economic activities at current Price
S.No. Sectors 2004-05 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
1
Agriculture,
Forestry &
Fishing
565.42 637.77 722.98 836.51 943.20 1083.51 1306.94 1466.75 1644.83
2
Industrial
Sector
829.78 953.87 1140.19 1330.27 1500.25 1695.79 2003.30 2233.18 2436.50
3
Service
Sector
1576.25 1798.85 2090.09 2415.29 2860.10 3329.59 3956.72 4654.55 5379.67
4
GDP at
Factor Cost
(1+2+3)
2971.46 3390.50 3953.27 4582.08 5303.56 6108.90 7266.96 8353.49 9481.01
31
(Rs. In 000,Crore)
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation.

32. Percent Growth of GDP at 2004-05 Price
S.No. Sectors 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
1
Agricultural,
Forestry &
Fishing
5.1 4.2 5.8 0.1 0.8 7.9 3.6 1.9
2 Industrial Sector 9.7 12.2 9.7 4.4 9.2 9.2 3.5 2.1
3 Service Sector 10.9 10.1 10.3 10 10.5 9.8 8.2 7.1
4
GDP at Factor
Cost
9.5 9.6 9.3 6.7 8.6 9.3 6.2 5
32
y = -0.219x + 4.6607
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-12 2012-13
GrowthRate(%)
Percent growth of GDP at 2004-05 Price
Agricultural, Forestry & Fishing
Industrial Sector
Service Sector
GDP at Factor Cost
Linear (Agricultural, Forestry & Fishing)
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation.

33. Percent share of GDP at factor cost at 2004-05 Price
S.No. Sectors 1950-51 2005-06 2006-07 2007-08 2008-09 2009-10 2010-11 2011-122012-13
1
Agricultural,
Forestry & Fishing
51.9 18.3 17.4 16.8 15.8 14.6 14.5 14.1 13.7
2 Industrial Sector 16.2 28 28.7 28.7 28.1 28.3 28.2 27.5 26.7
3 Service Sector 31.9 53.7 54 54.4 56.1 57.1 57.3 58.4 59.6
4
GDP at Factor
Cost
100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100
33
Agricultural,
Forestry &
Fishing
52%Industrial
Sector
16%
Service Sector
32%
1950-51
Agricultural,
Forestry &
Fishing
14%
Industrial
Sector
27%
Service
Sector
59%
2012-13
Source: Directorate of Economics and Statistics, Department of Agriculture and Cooperation.

34. Projected Demand & Supply of Food grains for 12th FYP
S . No. Crop/ Group of Crops
Projected Demand
2016-17
Projected Supply
2016-17
Actual production
2013-14*
1 Rice 110 98-106 106.54
2 Wheat 89 93-104 95.91
3 Maize 19 NA 24.35
4 Coarse Cereals 36 42-48 43.05
5 Cereals 235 240-251 245.5
6 Pulse 22 18-21 19.27
7 Food Grains 257 258-272 264.77
8 Oilseed/ Edible Oils 59 33-41 32.87
9 Sugarcane/ Sugar 279 365-441 350.02
34
( Figures in In MT)
Source: Planning Commission (NITI Aayog 1.1.2015), GOI

35. (kg Per Year)
Year Rice Wheat Other
cereals
Cereals Gram Pulses Food
grain
1951 58.0 24.0 40.0 122.0 8.2 22.1 144.1
1961 73.4 28.9 43.6 145.9 11.0 25.2 171.1
1971 70.3 37.8 44.3 152.4 7.3 18.7 171.1
1981 72.2 47.3 32.8 152.3 4.9 13.7 166.0
1991 80.9 60.0 29.2 171.0 4.9 15.2 186.2
2001 69.5 49.6 20.5 141.0 2.9 10.9 151.9
2011 66.3 59.7 23.9 149.9 5.3 15.7 165.6
2012 69.4 57.8 21.9 149.1 4.9 15.2 164.3
2013 58.3 53.2 19.2 130.7 5.6 15.8 146.5
2014 72.6 66.8 22.6 162.1 6.0 17.2 179.3
35
Per-Capita Net Availability of Food grains in India
Source: Pocket Book on Agricultural Statistics, 2015
(Ministry of Agriculture),GOI

36. Different Revolutions Related to Agriculture
S. No. Revolutions Areas
1. Blue Revolution Fisheries Production
2. Brown Revolution Leather Production
3. Green Revolution Food grains Production
4. Pink Revolution Shrimp Production
5. Silver Revolution Egg/Poultry Production
6. White Revolution Dairy Development
7. Yellow Revolution Oil Seed Production
8. Golden Fiber Revolution Jute Production
9. Golden Revolution Horticulture Production
10. Grey Revolution Fertilizer / Wool Production
11. Red Revolution Meat & Tomato Production
12. Round Revolution Potato Production
13. Silver Fiber Revolution Cotton Production
14. Evergreen Revolution Over all Agriculture Development
15. Digital Revolution* Information & Communication Technology
36

37. Future Challenges to the
Agricultural sector
37

38. Future Challenges to Agricultural Sector
• Population’s Annual exponential growth rate : 1.25% pa
• Food grain production’s Annual exp. growth rate : -1.51%
38
S. No. Crops Projected Demand
2016-17
Projected Supply
2016-17
01 Rice 110 98-106
02 Pulses 22 18-21
03 Edible oils 59 33-41
1) To increase the
Production of Food
grains
2) To give more emphasis on the production of Paddy, Pulses & Oilseeds
Projected Demand & Supply of Food grains for 12th FYP
Source: Planning Commission (NITI Aayog 1.1.2015),GOI

39. Area, Production and Yield of Principal Crops in various Countries
S.No. Crop
Area
(000,Ha)
Global
Position
in Area
Production
(000, Tonnes)
Productivity
(Kg/Ha)
Productivity followed by
01 Paddy 42500 First 152600 3591
China, Indonesia, Vietnam,
Myanmar, USA, Egypt, Srilanka
02 Wheat 29900 First 94880 3173
China, France, Germany, Egypt,
UK
03 Maize 8400 Sixth 21060 2507
USA, China, Brazil, Mexico,
Indonesia, France, Germany, Egypt
04 Sugarcane 5090 Second 347870 68344
Brazil, China, Columbia, Egypt,
Peru, Mauritius
05 Groundnut 4900 First 5779 1179 USA, China, Argentina, Vietnam
39
Source: FAO, Regional Office for Asia and the Pacific, Bangkok.
3) To increase the productivity of principal crops
Average size of land holding is declining
No of operational holding increasing
4) Promote cooperative farming

40. 40
 India incurs post harvest losses of worth Rs. 2 trillions of fruits and vegetable wastage
annually. (Economic Times, Sept.1,2014)
 Value addition in food in India is only seven percent as against 23% in China, 45% in
Philippines and 168% in U.K. ( Agricultural Marketing in India- Acharya & Agarwal)
5) To minimize loss - strengthen the Agro- processing & Cold storage.
Japan has rejected more than ten consignments of Shrimps exported from India
( August, 2012)
USA had rejected Indian Mango Consignments in past- Stone weevil
 Russia has warned of stringent action, including a ban on import of potatoes from India, due
to violation of their quality norms. (June 17, 2014 – Business Standard )
England has rejected Alphanso mangoes from India on inferior quality ground. (June, 2014)
6) Production of quality food on par with international standards
7) Increasing competition from new players in global market,
By the end of this century, global earth temperature is likely to increase by1.8º to 4.0°C.
- IPCC
8) Climate change

41. 41
10) Consumer demands for food with particular attributes ( organic, eco-friendly, hygienic)
11) Promoting sustainable challenges.
12) Maintenance of ecological balance,
13) Soil and water conservation and conservation of biodiversity,
9)Diminishing availability of natural resources for agricultural production,
16) Development of Ethically sound GM crops.
Years
1950-
51
1960-
61
1970-
71
1990-
91
2000-
01
2010-
11
2011-
12
2012-
13
Gross Cropped
Area
131.89 152.77 165.79 185.74 185.34 198.97 195.63 194.40
CAGR (%) -- 1.48 0.82 0.73 -0.02 0.71 -1.67 -0.63
Trends in Gross Cropped Area
14) Natural resources degradation, & increasing biotic and abiotic pressures
15) Declining input use efficiency and decreasing profitability in farming

42. Agricultural Projections for India 2020
Commodity 2020 (mn.tonnes)
Food grains 225
Edible Oil 19
Sugar 42
Potato 40
Fruits and Vegetables 176
Milk 128
Meat 6
Eggs 5
Fish 14
42
The Future of Indian Agriculture
Yoginder K. Alagh
Chairman
Institute of Rural Management, Anand

43. • Cooperative farming
• Switching from Subsistence farming to Commercialized farming
• Practices of intensive Cropping
• Intensive use of quality agricultural inputs,
• Improved Capital formation in agriculture
• Promotion of FDI in agricultural sector,
• Re-structuring of Quality Standards on par with global standards,
• Use of Information Technologies in agriculture sector,
• Bio- risk Management
• Following IPM, INM and Conservation agriculture
• Conducting ethically sound research in agriculture
• Integrated Farming System
43
Suggestions to overcome future Challenges

44. Conclusion
 Albeit various factors affecting agriculture (Gross cropped area, input usage, credit
availability etc) have registered a smooth growth as compared to the past and they
have resulted in growth in agricultural production and productivity but the average
annual rate of growth is declining.
 There is overall increasing trend in all the factors except the monsoon, which has
shown declining trend.
 The performance of agricultural sector is not so good as its contribution to national
GDP as well as total national export is declining.
 The performance of agricultural sector is the issue to be circumspect and to workout
the new plan to enhance it.
 Though the challenges to the agricultural sectors are many, but they can be
overcome and resolved by developing appropriate strategy and implementing them.
44

45. References
45
1. Agricultural Statistics at a glance - 2014, Ministry of Agriculture,
Government of India
2. Agricultural Marketing in India - S.S. Acharya & N.L. Agarwal
3. Pocket Book on Agricultural Statistics – 2015, Ministry of Agriculture,
Government of India
4. Yojna, June 2016
5. State of Indian Agriculture, 2014, Ministry of Agriculture, Government
of India
6. The Future of Indian Agriculture - Yoginder K. Alagh Chairman
Institute of Rural Management, Anand
7. A competitive Book of Agriculture, Nem Raj Sunda
8. www.imd.gov.in
9. www.indiastat.com
10. niti.gov.in

46. THANK YOU