3. Introduction
Certified Safety Professional (CSP) are persons who has at least three years extensive safety
experience. He performs the safety duties, including making worksite assessments to identify the risks,
assessing potential hazards and controls, evaluating risks and hazard control measures, investigating
incidents, maintaining and evaluating incident and loss records, and preparing emergency response
plans. Other duties are understands different national and international safety laws, knows
management, employees and own safety roles/responsibility, fire protection, health hazard, hazardous
materials management, environmental protection, training, accident and incident investigations, record
keeping, emergency response, and managing safety programs.
CSPP helps safety professional to go next level of success. It makes understand management work
and working safely, as per national and international statutory law and accepted by world wide.
It helps for those individual who’s career goals include seeking a new position, moving up in your
current organization or moving to private practice, you can accelerate your opportunities by achieving
the Certified Safety Professional Programme (CSPP) certification. You can improve your chances for
success, being selected for leadership and senior positions, and increased salary through the CSPP
credential. DISD offers you the opportunity to rise above the competition by adding the CSPP
certification to your portfolio.
4. The CSPP is a certification awarded by DAC to individuals who meet all of the Board-established
requirements.
Are You Eligible?
Academic Requirement:
All individuals applying for the CSPP must have a bachelor’s degree or higher in any field from an
accredited institution; or an associate degree in safety, health, or environmental from an accredited
institution.
Experience Requirement:
CSPP candidates must have three years professional safety experience to sit for the CSPP exam.
Professional safety experience must meet the following criteria to qualify:
Professional safety must be the primary function of the position. Collateral duties in safety are not
counted.
The position’s primary responsibility must be the prevention of harm to people, property, or the
environment, rather than responsibility for responding to harmful events.
The position must be at a professional level. This is determined by evaluating the degree of
professional charge by which there is a reliance of employees, employers or clients on the person’s
ability to identify, evaluate and control hazards through engineering and/ or administrative
approaches.
Overview of the CSP Programme
6. OSHA stands for the Occupational Safety
and Health Administration, an agency of
the U.S. Department of Labor
OSHA’s responsibility is to improve
worker safety and health protection
On December 29, 1970, President Nixon
signed the OSH Act
This Act created OSHA, the agency, which
formally came into being on April 28,
1971
History of OSHA
7. OSHA’s Mission
The mission of OSHA is to assure safe and healthful working conditions for working men and
women by setting and enforcing standards and by providing training, outreach, education and
assistance.
Some of the things OSHA does to carry out its mission are:
– Developing job safety and health standards and enforcing them through worksite
inspections
– Providing training programs to increase knowledge about occupational safety and health
Worker Protection is Law: The Occupational Safety and Health Act of 1970 (OSH Act)
OSHA was created to provide workers the right to a safe and healthful workplace
It is the duty of the employers to provide workplaces that are free of known dangers that could
harm their employees
This law also gives workers important rights to participate in activities to ensure their protection
from job hazards.
8. What are OSHA Standards?
OSHA standards are:
Rules that describe the methods employers
must use to protect employees from hazards
Designed to protect workers from a wide range
of hazards.
These standards also:
Limit the amount of hazardous chemicals,
substances, or noise that workers can be exposed
to
Require the use of certain safe work practices
and equipment
Require employers to monitor certain hazards
and keep records of workplace injuries and
illnesses
Four Groups of
OSHA Standards
General Industry*
Construction
Maritime
Agriculture
*General Industry is the set that applies to the
largest number of workers and worksites
9. The General Conference of the International Labor Organization
Having been convened at Geneva by the Governing Body of the International Labor Office, and having
met in its Sixty-seventh Session on 3 June 1981, and Having decided upon the adoption of certain
proposals with regard to safety and health and the working environment, which is the sixth item on the
agenda of the session, and Having determined that these proposals shall take the form of a
Recommendation supplementing the Occupational Safety and Health Convention, 1981, adopts this
twenty-second day of June of the year one thousand nine hundred and eighty-one, the following
Recommendation, which may be cited as the Occupational Safety and Health Recommendation,1981:
Scope and Definitions
(1)To the greatest extent possible, the provisions of the Occupational Safety and Health Convention,
1981, hereinafter referred to as the Convention, and of this Recommendation should be applied to all
branches of economic activity and to all categories of workers.
(2) Provision should be made for such measures as may be necessary and practicable to give self-
employed persons protection analogous to that provided for in the Convention and in this
Recommendation.
2. For the purpose of this Recommendation--
(a)the term branches of economic activity covers all branches in which workers are employed,
including the public service.
ILO (International labor organization)
10. (b) the term workers covers all employed persons, including public employees;
(c) the term workplace covers all places where workers need to be or to go by reason of their work
and which are under the direct or indirect control of the employer;
(d) the term regulations covers all provisions given force of law by the competent authority or
authorities;
(e) the term health , in relation to work, indicates not merely the absence of disease or infirmity; it
also includes the physical and mental elements affecting health which are directly related to
safety and hygiene at work.
II. Technical Fields of Action
3. As appropriate for different branches of economic activity and different types of work and taking
into account the principle of giving priority to eliminating hazards at their source, measures
should be taken in pursuance of the policy referred to in Article 4 of the Convention, in
particular in the following fields:
(a) design, siting, structural features, installation, maintenance, repair and alteration of workplaces
and means of access thereto and egress therefrom;
(b) lighting, ventilation, order and cleanliness of workplaces;
(c) temperature, humidity and movement of air in the workplace;
(d) design, construction, use, maintenance, testing and inspection of machinery and equipment liable
to present hazards and, as appropriate, their approval and transfer;
11. (e) prevention of harmful physical or mental stress due to conditions of work;
(f) handling, stacking and storage of loads and materials, manually or mechanically;
(g) use of electricity;
(h) manufacture, packing, labeling, transport, storage and use of dangerous substances and agents,
disposal of their wastes and residues, and, as appropriate, their replacement by other substances or
agents which are not dangerous or which are less dangerous;
(i) radiation protection;
(j) prevention and control of, and protection against, occupational hazards due to noise and
vibration;
(k) control of the atmosphere and other ambient factors of workplaces;
(l) prevention and control of hazards due to high and low barometric pressures;
(m) prevention of fires and explosions and measures to be taken in case of fire or explosion;
(n) design, manufacture, supply, use, maintenance and testing of personal protective equipment and
protective clothing;
(o) sanitary installations, washing facilities, facilities for changing and storing clothes, supply of
drinking water, and any other welfare facilities connected with occupational safety and health;
(p) first-aid treatment;
(q) establishment of emergency plans;
(r) supervision of the health of workers.
12. Management and Employees Roles
IMPORTANT ROLES AND RESPONSIBILITIES FOR HEALTH AND SAFETY
•By knowing their responsibilities is the right education and will preserve the employee
free from ill health.
•The awareness shall protect themselves and those around them from harm.
•The employees shall cooperate with employer including reporting any situation that
present imminent risk.
•The employee shall actively participate and exercise all health and safety related matters
and committees.
•The employee shall work towards and achieve the health and safety standards set by the
employer.
•The employee to be familiar with occupational health and safety legislation compliance
while at work.
•It will ensure them to keep the work place and the equipments are well maintained
without risk.
13. DIRECTORS AND SENIOR MANAGERS:
•To make sure that the company is complying with the moral and legal requirements for health and
safety.
•Ensure effective implementation of health and safety policy within the company.
•To ensure that the effective OSH training plans are in place for all employees.
•To ensure that the company is giving health and safety as one of the top priority.
•To ensure that the workers may feel at ease in raising the health and safety issues.
•Leads by example by showing commitment by getting involved in all OSH campaigns / events.
•Carry out regular H & S meetings so that the issues can be addressed timely manner.
•Involve and to be a part of health and safety committee to provide the platform to resolve health and
safety issues.
•To carry out safety tours to meet workers and compare the theory with the reality.
•To ensure that organization’s motivation activities are there in place.
SUPERVISORS:
To implement the safe system of work e.g. works to be carried out as per approved system work.
To provide escorts to the visitors coming to the site.
To take reasonable care for all OSH matters of the employees working under his supervision.
Health and Safety Roles & Responsibilities
14. •To make sure that the employees with special risks like young workers, disabled and pregnant ladies.
•Conduct regular tool box talks and to communicate all the health and safety issues to the workers.
•To take initiatives in carrying out the jobs safely in consultation with the workers.
•To be a part of team conducting risk assessments so that his knowledge and experience will be
helpful in foreseeing the risks associated with the activities.
•To take disciplinary actions for all the breach of health and safety issues by the workers.
•To assist in solving issues regarding the safety of equipment at workplace.
•Issue and ensure all personal protective equipment are used while at work and are maintained.
HEALTH AND SAFETY OFFICER
To advise on health and safety issues implementation to the site management, supervisors and health
and safety manager
To play his role in implementing health and safety policy, procedures within the company
To carry out induction trainings for the workers/visitors coming at the workplace
To carry out daily inspection of plant and premises in order to highlight the issues that require urgent
attention and can lead to accidents at workplace
To keep record of accident, incident and near miss and other health and safety records
To prepare health and safety reports for the company on monthly, weekly basis according to the
requirement.
15. •To monitor the welfare facilities provided to the employees and provide recommendations for
improvement
•To notify the supervisors about any changes in the applicable health and safety legislation so that the
supervisor can implement the same within his group of employees
•To carry out health and safety audits for effective implementation of health and safety management
system
•To carry out health and Job safety trainings
Workers
•Take responsible care of their own safety and that of other people who might be affected by the
things that they do and the things that they fail to do.
•Comply with Organization safety instruction and procedures.
•Report any situation which they believe could be a hazard and which they cannot themselves correct.
•Report any work-related accident or ill health.
•Use all safety equipment properly and not tamper with it.
16. EMPLOYERS RESPONSIBILITY:
•To Provide and maintain workplaces, machinery and equipment and use working methods that are
safe.
•Give necessary instruction, training and supervision in application and use of health and safety
measures.
•Provide PPE and clothing without charge to workers.
•Take reasonably practical measures with a view to eliminating excessive physical and mental fatigue.
•Keep up-to-date of scientific and technical knowledge to comply with the above.
17. Organizations Health and Safety Policy
•The purpose of the health and safety policy of an organization is to create a structure and its approach
to health and safety.
•Protecting the safety and health of all members of the organization by preventing work related injuries,
ill health.
•Complying with relevant occupational safety and health national and international laws.
•The policy providing frame work for setting and reviewing OSH objectives.
•Ensuring that workers and their representatives are consulted and encouraged to participate.
•Allows the organization to improve the health and safety standards continuously.
•It demonstrates management commitment to the policy objective.
•To ensure clear definition of the organizations goals, set our responsibilities for health and safety
matters.
18. Three Main Sections of Health Safety &
Environment Policy
Statement of Intent: Demonstrates management commitment towards health and
safety and sets goals and objectives of the organization.
Organization: The purpose to which is to allocate the health and safety
responsibilities within the company and reporting lines.
Arrangements: Set out in detail the systems and procedures to show how the
policy is being implemented. (General arrangements are Planning, Organizing,
4C’s, Accident and reporting and Specific arrangements are fire, electricity,
manual handling, work at height)
19. Key Elements of Successful Health
and Safety Management
Policy
Organising
Planning and
Implementation
Measuring
Performance
Reviewing
Performance
Auditing
21. Policy
Organising
Planning and
Implementation
Measuring
Performance
Reviewing
Performance
Auditing
Proactive safety culture
Control
Co-operation
Communication
Competence
Organization those are successful in achieving high standards of health and safety are structured
and operated so as to put their health and safety policies into effective practice. It must be organized by
putting effective communication and promotes the competency of workers which would enable the
workers to contribute their effort.
22. Policy
Organising
Planning and
Implementation
Measuring
Performance
Reviewing
Performance
Auditing
Identification of targets
Set performance standards
Consider and control risks
Documentation
The successful organizations adopt a planned and systematic approach to implement the policy
as per their planned action. Health and safety performance standards are established in each level and
measured periodically to ensure the implementation and the standards are achieved as per the company
policy and the action plan.
23. Policy
Organising
Planning and
Implementation
Measuring
Performance
Reviewing
Performance
Auditing
Active Monitoring
Reactive Monitoring
Proper recording and monitoring system / mechanism to be established to measure and record
health and safety performance on a regular basis. Responsibility, accountability and authority for
monitoring at different levels in the management structure should be allocated. Health and safety
performance in organizations that manage health and safety successful is measured against pre-
determined standards. Best health and safety practices to be applied in all the levels of management
system. Continuous review of health and safety management system is essential and this will
provide to achieve better health and safety standards.
24. Policy
Organising
Planning and
Implementation
Measuring
Performance
Reviewing
Performance
Auditing
Two main objectives of
reviewing and auditing are:-
To ensure that standards
achieved conform as closely
as possible to the objectives
set out in the organisation’s
safety policy.
To provide information to
justify the continuation of
the same strategy, or a
change of course.
Health and safety management system audits and management reviews should be established to
ensure the management system continues to be effective. Arrangements should be established to aid the
continual improvement of health and safety management system.
25. Emergency Action PlanINTRODUCTION
Need to mention site address and its scope.
DEFINITION OF EMERGENCY
Any emergency is a situation created by an occurrence that may cause serious injuries, loss of life or
extensive damage to plant and property. Emergencies may result due to natural or un-natural causes.
OBJECTIVE OF EMERGENCY PLAN
In dealing with an emergency situation, the broad objective of the plan is to provide a system capable
of taking fast and effective action in an emergency situation and to maximize effective utilization of
resources available to:
•Safeguard lives both at the site and in the neighborhood,
•Contain the incident and bring it under control,
•Action plan for all coordinating departments and agencies,
•Minimize damage to property and neighboring environment,
•Rescue and treat casualties
•Evacuate persons to safe areas,
•Provide welfare assistance to casualties,
•Restoration of normal operations in least possible time,
•Minimize panic amongst employees and public outside our site premises,
•Collect and log information, regarding latest status, action etc., and
26. Possible emergencies at Construction site:
•Fire
•Collapse of Structures / Lifting Appliances
•Spillage, leakage and accidental emissions
•Fall From Height / Serious Injury
•Electric Shock
•Food Poisoning
Location of construction site:
Construction site layout plan:
Construction site layout plan is given below indicating:
•Site office
•Stores
•Steel Yard and Scrap Yard
•Diesel Yard
•Fire extinguishers Point
•First Aid Center / Boxes
•Main entrances / exit
•Safe Assemble Area
•Security Check Post
27. Emergency Control Center Location:
Following items are available at the control center:
•Site layout plan,
•Telephone connection,
•List of essential telephone numbers,
•List of key persons with their addresses and telephone numbers,
•List of employees at construction site,
•Copy of emergency plan.
Communication System:
Wireless System is at Site. (Mention if mobile phone at site)
Key Personnel:
Sr. No. Location Emergency contact person with Designation
Contact Nos.
1 Site XYZ XYZ
Emergency Action Plan
28. List of (applicable) Government Authorities (Central / State / Local):
Labour Inspector Name and Address: -
Police Station
Telephone numbers – 100
Fire Brigade:
Contact No. 101
Hospitals:
Emergency Vehicle:
At all times one vehicle will be available at site for any emergency situation.
•Vehicle Registration No. HR 68A7086
29. Emergency Organization:
The Emergency Organizational structure and the responsibilities of various Key Personnel are given
here under:
Site Controller:
The Project-in-charge (PM) or in his absence the Construction Manager, Planning Manager / Sr.
Engineer will retain overall responsibility. His duties shall be:-
•To assess the magnitude of the emergency and decide if employees need to be evacuated from their
work places.
•To maintain a continuous review of possible development and assess in consultation with Incident
controller and Key Personnel, as to whether shutting of all the operations or evacuation of persons is
required.
•To liaise with required emergency services ie. fire brigade, hospitals, police and govt./state/local
authorities.
•To control rehabilitation of affected areas after the emergency is over.
Emergency Action Plan
30. Incident Controller:
The Construction Manager or in his absence the Sr. Construction Engineer will act as Incident
Controller. On hearing of an emergency he will rush to the scene of occurrence and take overall charge
and report to Site Controller. On arrival he will assess the scale of emergency and decide if major
emergency exist or is likely and inform communication officer accordingly.
He will:-
•Direct the shutting down operations and evacuation of the affected areas and areas likely to be
adversely effected by the emergency with the priorities for safety of personnel, minimize damage to
plant, property & environment and minimize loss of materials.
•Ensure that all Key Personnel and outside help are called in.
•Provide advice & information to emergency team when they arrive.
•Ensure all non-essential workers/staff of the areas affected are evacuated to the appropriate assembly
point and the areas are searched for casualties.
•Ensure continuous contact is established with emergency control center.
•Report on all significant developments to the communication officer.
Communication Officer:
•HSE Officer will act as communication Officer. He will, on hearing the alarm, proceed to Control
Center and maintain communication with the Incident controller.
• Maintain a log of the incident.
•Provide advice to Site Controller & Incident Controller from the information received.
31. Fire Fighting Team / Emergency Control Team:
List of Trained Fire Fighter at the Site:
First-Aid Team Name:
GENERAL EMERGENCY PROCEDURE
•Warning Procedure:
In case of emergency the site Siren / emergency vehicle horn will be blown thrice in a consecutive
cycle by the Security Officer at the Main Entrance of the Project Site. After controlling emergency the
site Siren / Emergency Vehicle Horn will be blown continuously for one minute to indicate that the
Emergency is over.
Evacuation Procedure:
On hearing the alarm:
1. Stop the work.
2. Disconnect all electrical equipment if any.
3. Leave the area quickly but calmly, without running, moving in opposite direction to that from the
incident unless you have specific emergency responsibility designated.
4. Re-assemble at the Assembly Point so that checks are carried out to ensure that everybody has
evacuated.
5. If you are trapped or cannot leave the area, inform the nearest personnel in you vicinity of your
presence by shouting or visual signals.
32. Possible Emergency Procedures at Construction Site
1. Fire Fighting Procedure:
On hearing the alarm:
•Alert people in the area of immediate need of evacuate.
•If you are a trained fire fighter and the fire you may attempt to extinguish fire with the use of correct
type of fire extinguisher or with sand bucket if it is controllable.
•Do not place yourself or others in danger by attempting to fight fire if you are not qualified to do so.
•Remove Gas Cylinder's / Inflammable material if any from fire area, if without risk.
•If extinguishing is not possible, withdraw from the area and communicate to Site Controller for fire
brigade help.
•Stay away and keep examine the situation till fire brigade arrives at the scene.
2. Collapse of Structures / Lifting Appliances Procedure:
•Alert people in the area of immediate need of evacuate.
•Disconnect the Power Supply.
•Barricade the area.
•Search for trapped or injured people.
•Seek for emergency first aid, arrange for stretcher.
•Stabilize the incident and provide life safety
•After preliminary required first aid, rush the casualty to an identified hospital near by
•In case of fatal or likely to be fatal, inform local police, H. O.(President, Corporate HSE Head,
Regional Head & Regional HSE Coordinator)
33. 3. Oil Spillage / Leakage & Accidental Emissions Procedure:
•SAFETY FIRST! Do not attempt to perform any life or health threatening acts
•Try to STOP or CONTROL the release at the source immediately.
•If leakage, provide collecting trey / container below the leakage or block flow that could potentially spill
in to the environment
•Prevent entry into drains and waterways.
•Notify to Supervisor & HSE Officer immediately.
•Use inert fuel/oil absorbent (such as buckets of sand, sawdust) to cover and remove spilled material or
contaminated soil collected for storage in a special drum for later disposal of the waste dumpsite
•In case of eye contact: immediately flush with plenty of water repeatedly for at least 15 minutes;
•In case of skin contact: immediately wash thoroughly with plenty of soap and water. In case of skin
exposed to high-pressure spray, the affected person must be taken to hospital.
•In case of contact with clothes: Immediately take off all contaminated clothing and wash before reuse
•If ground contaminated, collect the contaminated mud & store it separately.
•If the spilled chemical is of toxic nature do not stand in down wind direction.
Evacuate the people in down wind direction to crosswind and upwind direction.
Emergency Action Plan
34. 4. Fall from Height / Serious Injury Procedure
•The casualty shall be gently lifted and placed on a stretcher so as not to disturb his back.
•First aid for any other injury sustained shall be provided at site.
•He shall be made comfortable by removing his shoes, loosening his clothes and given some water to
drink.
•Immediately a vehicle will be summoned and the stretcher gently lifted and placed inside the vehicle.
•All others concerned shall then be informed by the fastest means.
5. Electric Shock Procedure
•A person being shocked needs to be disconnected from the source of electrical power.
•Locate the disconnecting switch/breaker and turn it off. Alternatively, if the disconnecting device
cannot be located, the victim can be pried or pulled from the circuit by an insulated object such as a
dry wood board, piece of nonmetallic conduit, or rubber electrical cord.
•Immediately call for emergency assistance Health Center and Security.
•Victims need immediate medical response: check for breathing and pulse, and then apply CPR as
necessary to maintain oxygenation.
ASSEMBLY POINT:
In case of any emergency and upon receiving instructions for evacuation from the Incident Controller
or any Key Personnel of emergency team, the employees have to assemble at the following Assembly
Point.
Employees should remain at the Assembly Point till further instructions are received from the Incident
Controller.
35. An introduction to managing for health and safety
This chapter is for those who need to put in place or oversee their organization’s health and safety
arrangements. The advice may also help workers and their representatives, as well as health and safety
practitioners and training providers.
To help you comply with the law, HSE encourages a common-sense and practical approach to
managing health and safety. It should be part of the everyday process of running an organization and
an integral part of workplace behaviors and attitudes.
Whatever your industry, or the size or nature of your organization, the core elements to effectively
managing for health and safety are:
■ Leadership and management;
■ A trained/skilled workforce;
■ An environment where people are trusted and involved.
Plan, Do, Check & Act
36. You have a legal duty to put in place suitable arrangements to manage for health and safety. The
Management of Health and Safety at Work Regulations 1999 require employers to put in place
arrangements to control health and safety risks. As a minimum, you should have the processes and
procedures required to meet the legal requirements, including:
■ A written health and safety policy (if you employ five or more people);
■ Assessments of the risks to employees, contractors, customers, partners, and any other people who
could be affected by your activities – and record the significant findings in writing (if you employ five
or more people). Any risk assessment must be ‘suitable and sufficient’;
■ Arrangements for the effective planning, organization, control, monitoring and review of the
preventive and protective measures that come from risk assessment;
■ providing employees with information about the risks in your workplace and how they are
protected;
■ Instruction and training for employees in how to deal with the risks;
■ ensuring there is adequate and appropriate supervision in place;
■ Consulting with employees about their risks at work and current preventive and protective
measures.
Leaders, owners, trustees and line managers need to consider if they are doing enough to manage for
health and safety effectively. You need to answer fundamental questions such as:
■ What are the strengths and weaknesses of your organization’s health and safety performance, and
are there any barriers to change?
37. ■ How reliable and sustainable for the future are the measures currently in place?
■ If your organization is getting risk control right, why is that? For example, does performance depend
on one person’s dedication and enthusiasm or is it a key value across the organization?
■ If there are problems, what are the underlying reasons, eg. competence, resources, accountability, or
lack of engagement with the workforce?
■ Have you learned from situations where things have gone wrong?
Effective leaders and line managers know the risks their organizations face rank them in order of
importance and take action to control them. The range of risks goes beyond health and safety risks to
include quality, environmental and asset damage, but issues in one area could impact in another.
Leading and managing for health and safety Leaders, at all levels, need to understand the range of
health and safety risks in their part of the organization and to give proportionate attention to each of
them. This applies to the level of detail and effort put into assessing the risks, implementing controls,
supervising and monitoring.
Competence is the ability to undertake responsibilities and perform activities to a recognized standard
on a regular basis. It combines practical and thinking skills, knowledge and experience.
Plan, Do, Check & Act
38. At its most effective, full involvement of your workforce creates a culture where relationships
between employers and employees are based on collaboration, trust and joint problem solving.
Employees are involved in assessing workplace risks and the development and review of workplace
health and safety policies in partnership with the employer.
Managing health and safety can rarely be achieved by one-off interventions. A sustained and
systematic approach is necessary.
While this may not always require a formal health and safety management system, whatever approach
is used it probably contains the steps Plan, Do, Check, Act.
Plan, Do, Check, Act helps you achieve a balance between the systems and behavioral aspects of
management. It also treats health and safety management as an integral part of good management
generally, rather than as a stand-alone system.
The high-level descriptions may vary, depending on the industry or sector you are working in, but this
leaflet provides a summary of the actions involved in delivering effective arrangements.
40. Plan- (Think about where you are now and where you need to be)
■ Say what you want to achieve, who will be responsible for what, how you will achieve your aims,
and how you will measure your success. You may need to write down this policy and your plan to
deliver it.
■ Decide how you will measure performance. Think about ways to do this that go beyond looking at
accident figures; look for active indicators as well as reactive indicators.
■ Consider fire and other emergencies. Co-operate with anyone who shares your workplace and co-
ordinate plans with them.
■ Remember to plan for changes and identify any specific legal requirements that apply to you.
Do- (Identify your risk profile)
■ Assess the risks, identify what could cause harm in the workplace, who it could harm and how, and
what you will do to manage the risk.
■ Decide what the priorities are and identify the biggest risks.
■ Organize your activities to deliver your plan In particular, aim to:
■ Involve workers and communicate, so that everyone is clear on what is needed and can discuss
issues – develop positive attitudes and behaviors.
■ Provide adequate resources, including competent advice where needed.
■ Implement your plan
■ Decide on the preventive and protective measures needed and put them in place.
■ Provide the right tools and equipment to do the job and keep them maintained.
■ Train and instruct, to ensure everyone is competent to carry out their work.
41. Check (Measure your performance)
■ Make sure that your plan has been implemented – ‘paperwork’ on its own is not a good
performance measure.
■ Assess how well the risks are being controlled and if you are achieving your aims. In some
circumstances formal audits may be useful.
■ Investigate the causes of accidents, incidents or near misses
Act (Review your performance)
■ Learn from accidents and incidents, ill-health data, errors and relevant experience, including from
other organizations.
■ Revisit plans, policy documents and risk assessments to see if they need updating.
■ Take action on lessons learned, including from audit and inspection reports
You may need to go round the cycle more than once, particularly when:
Starting out;
Developing a new process, product or service; or
Implementing any change.
42. A formal management system or framework can help you manage health and safety; it’s your
decision whether to use one or not. Examples include:
■ National and international standards such as:
■ BS OHSAS 18001 Occupational health and safety management systems;
■ BS EN ISO 9001 Quality management system;
■ In-house standards, procedures or codes;
Although the language and methodology vary, the key actions can usually be traced back to Plan,
Do, Check, Act.
Plan, Do, Check & Act
49. To ensure a safe work environment, you
need to understand the definition
of risk.
To define risk, we first
need to take a look at a
few basic terms…
Assessing the risk
50. A hazard is anything that has the
potential to cause harm
Assessing the risk
51. For a hazard to cause harm, a
hazardous event must happen
Assessing the risk
52. For a hazard to cause harm, a
hazardous event must happen
Assessing the risk
71. 2. Identify the risks
• What are the hazards?
• Who might be harmed?
• How might they be harmed?
Steps of Risk Assessment
72. 3. Estimate the risk
You need to consider two things:
• how likely is it that something
could go wrong?
• how serious would the
outcome be?
Steps of Risk Assessment
93. 4. Evaluate the risk
Now that you’ve
estimated the risk,
what are you going
to do about it?
Steps of Risk Assessment
94. 3-4 Tolerable
Look to improve
6-9 Unacceptable
Take immediate action
1-2 Acceptable
No further action, but
ensure controls are
maintained
4. Evaluate the risk
Steps of Risk Assessment
96. 4. Evaluate the risk
Likelihood:
5 – Very likely
4 – Likely
3 – Fairly likely
2 – Unlikely
1 – Very unlikely
Steps of Risk Assessment
97. 4. Evaluate the risk
Consequence:
5 – Catastrophic
4 – Major
3 – Moderate
2 – Minor
1 – Insignificant
Steps of Risk Assessment
98. 4. Evaluate the risk
5-9 Adequate
Look to improve at next review
10-16 Tolerable
Look to improve within
specified timescale
1-4 Acceptable
No further action, but ensure
controls are maintained
17-25 Unacceptable
Stop activity and make immediate
improvements
Steps of Risk Assessment
100. 5. Record your findings
• the location, activity and
equipment being assessed
• hazards and risk levels
• risk controls
• assessor’s details
• date and time
• review date
Steps of Risk Assessment
101. 6. Review your findings
When changes occur (personnel, equipment or
activities), you should review your risk
assessments.
It’s a legal requirement to
review assessments regularly
Steps of Risk Assessment
102. Tips to improve your risk assessment:
Make sure it’s suitable and sufficient
Better data helps make better judgements
Involve the people it’s likely to affect
Conditions may vary from site to site
Consider “on the spot” assessments
Steps of Risk Assessment
106. The hierarchy of risk control is a system of control
measures used to eliminate or reduce exposure to
hazards, which has five levels of control measures.
It is used when undertaking a risk assessment, to
decide on which precautions are needed to control
the risks posed by the hazards.
The most effective measure is at the top of the hierarchy and the least effective is at the
bottom. So the idea is that you start from the top of the hierarchy in choosing your
control measures, and work your way down. In most cases a combination of control
measures from the hierarchy are chosen to effectively reduce the risk posed by a hazard.
The hierarchy of risk control is useful in determining which control measures are
appropriate. The most effective control to deal with a hazard is to eliminate it, but that is
not always possible. Some hazards cannot be eliminated. So, the aim of implementing
the hierarchy of risk control is to get as many control measures in place so that the risk
from a hazard is reduced "as low as reasonably practicable".
Hierarchy of Risk Control
107. Here's an example for a large pothole in the path:
1. Elimination (completely remove the hazard at source) – there is a large pothole in the path
causing a hazard to users, repair the pothole, completely removing the hazard.
2. Substitution (substitute the hazardous activity, process or substance with a less hazardous
one) – ask users to use an alternative path, until the pothole has been repaired.
3. Engineering controls (isolate the hazard from people who could be harmed) – install a
suitable barrier around the pothole, to protect path users, until the pothole has been
repaired.
4. Administrative controls (change the way people work or prevent people's exposure to
hazards) – ensure all path users are aware of the large pothole by installing a warning sign,
and clearly marking around the pothole with yellow spray paint. Have a maintenance
schedule and inspection system in place to inspect paths regularly so that problems like
potholes are noticed and repaired before injuries from trips and falls occur. Do training in
path inspection so you know what to look for.
5. Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) (provide PPE to cover and protect an individual
person from hazards) – ask the path users to wear a hard hat, knee and elbow pads
(unrealistic!!). Note – PPE can be used as a temporary control measure until other more
effective control measures are provided. In most cases a combination of other control
measures and PPE can effectively control the risks from hazards and protect those exposed
Hierarchy of Risk Control
