1.
Types of Poetry Part I
Prepared by:
Mohammad Jashim Uddin
Assistant Professor
Department of English
Northern University Bangladesh
https://youtu.be/PflKdhenRc4
https://youtu.be/73dBOn1YL6g

2.
Lyric poem:
Lyric poems have a musical rhythm, and their
topics often explore romantic feelings or other
strong emotions. You can usually identify a lyric
poem by its musicality: if you can imagine singing
it, it's probably lyric. In ancient Greece and
Rome, lyric poems were in fact sung to the
strums of an accompanying lyre. It's the
word lyre, in fact, that is at the root of lyric; the
Greek lyrikos means "singing to the lyre."

3.
Lyric poem:
A lyric poem is a poem that speaks of personal or
emotional feelings, traditionally in the present
tense, and with a song-like quality. In modern
examples, much lyric poetry shares the same
rhyming schemes.

4.
Lyric poem:
Sonnet Number 18:
William Shakespeare
Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?
Thou art more lovely and more temperate.
Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,
And summer's lease hath all too short a date.
Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,
And often is his gold complexion dimmed,
And every fair from fair sometime declines,
By chance, or nature's changing course untrimmed.

5.
Lyric poem:
The Raven
Edgar Allan Poe
Once upon a midnight dreary, while I pondered weak and weary,
Over many a quaint and curious volume of forgotten lore,
While I nodded, nearly napping, suddenly there came a tapping,
As of some one gently rapping, rapping at my chamber door.''
Tis some visitor,' I muttered, `tapping at my chamber door -
Only this, and nothing more.'

6.
Dramatic Monologue:
 A poem in which an imagined speaker addresses a silent
listener, usually not the reader. Examples include Robert
Browning’s “My Last Duchess,” T.S. Eliot’s “The Love
Song of J. Alfred Prufrock,” and Ai’s “Killing
Floor.” A lyric may also be addressed to someone, but it
is short and songlike and may appear to address either
the reader or the poet. Browse more dramatic monologue
poems.
 Or, a poem written in the form of a speech of an
individual character; it compresses into a single vivid
scene a narrative sense of the speaker’s history and
psychological insight into his character. Though the form
is chiefly associated with Robert Browning, who raised it
to a highly sophisticated level in such poems as “My Last
Duchess,”

7.
Dramatic Monologue:
 Dramatic monologue in poetry, also known as a persona
poem, shares many characteristics with a theatrical
monologue: an audience is implied; there is no dialogue;
and the poet speaks through an assumed voice—a
character, a fictional identity, or a persona. Because a
dramatic monologue is by definition one person’s speech,
it is offered without overt analysis or commentary,
placing emphasis on subjective qualities that are left to
the audience to interpret.

8.
Dramatic Monologue:
 Though the technique is evident in many ancient Greek
dramas, the dramatic monologue as a poetic form
achieved its first era of distinction in the work of
Victorian poet Robert Browning. Browning’s
poems “My Last Duchess”and “Soliloquy of the Spanish
Cloister," though considered largely inscrutable by
Victorian readers, have become models of the form. His
monologues combine the elements of the speaker and
the audience so deftly that the reader seems to have
some control over how much the speaker will divulge in
his monologue. This complex relationship is evident in
the following excerpt from “My Last Duchess”:

9.
Dramatic Monologue:
Even had you skill
In speech—(which I have not)—to make your will
Quite clear to such an one, and say, ‘Just this
Or that in you disgusts me; here you miss,
Or there exceed the mark’—and if she let
Herself be lessoned so, nor plainly set
Her wits to yours, forsooth, and made excuse,
—E’en then would be some stooping...

10.
Ode:
An ode is a long lyric poem with a serious
subject written in an elevated style.
Famous examples are Wordsworth’s Hymn
to Duty or Keats’ Ode to a Grecian Urn.

11.
What is an ode?
Traditionally, the ode is a lyric poem of
ceremonious effect which embodies a complex
thought or emotion. Organised by deliberate
argument, illustration or presentation, the ode is
further characterised by impressive length,
elevated diction, and a serious or elevated tone.
Though frequently an occasional piece – i.e. a
piece written to honour a particular event or
person – the form often serves as a mode for
philosophical reflection.

12.
There were two main writers of odes in
Antiquity: Pindar and Horace. The Pindaric
ode was often in praise of some (athletic)
victory, and had a distinct form not often
imitated by later writers. The type of ode
written by Horace had certain distinct
characteristics:

13.
Less praise and more private reflection than
Pindar.
Stanzas of equal length and identical metre.
A speaker in a particularised, and usually
localised, outdoor setting.
The speaker begins with a description of the
landscape.
Something in the landscape evokes a process of
memory, thought, anticipation, and feeling
which remains closely interwoven with the outer
scene.

14.
In the course of this meditation the lyric
speaker achieves an insight, faces up to a
tragic loss, comes to a moral decision, or
resolves an emotional problem.
Often the poem rounds upon itself to end
where it began, at the outer scene, but with
an altered mood and deepened
understanding which is the result of the
intervening meditation.
The outer scene is not represented for its
own sake but only as a stimulus for the
poet to engage in thinking and feeling.

15.
Definition of Ode
An ode is a form of poetry such
as sonnet or elegy, etc. Ode is a literary technique
that is lyrical in nature, but not very lengthy. You
have often read odes in which poets praise
people, natural scenes, and abstract ideas. Ode is
derived from a Greek word aeidein, which means
to chant or sing. It is highly solemn and serious
in its tone and subject matter, and usually is used
with elaborate patterns of stanzas. However, the
tone is often formal. A salient feature of ode is its
uniform metrical feet, but poets generally do not
strictly follow this rule though use highly
elevated theme.

16.
Type of Odes
Pindar Ode
Horatian Ode
Irregular Ode

17.
Pindar Ode
This ode was named after an ancient Greek
poet, Pindar, who began writing choral poems
that were meant to be sung at public events. It
contains three triads; strophe, antistrophe and
final stanza as epode, with
irregular rhyme patterns and lengths of lines.

18.
Horatian Ode
The name of this ode was taken from a Latin
poet, Horace. Unlike heroic odes of Pindar,
Horatian ode is informal, meditative and
intimate. These odes dwelled upon
interesting subject matters that were simple
and gave pleasure to senses. Since Horatian
odes are informal in tone, they are devoid of
any strict rules.

19.
Irregular Ode
This type of ode is without any formal rhyme
scheme and structure such as Pindaric ode.
Hence, the poet has great freedom and
flexibility to try any types of concepts and
moods. William Wordsworth and John Keats
were such poets who extensively wrote
irregular odes, taking advantage of this form.

20.
Example:
Ode to the West Wind
by Percy Bysshe Shelley
Scatter, as from an unextinguish’d hearth
Ashes and sparks, my words among mankind!
Be through my lips to unawaken’d earth
The trumpet of a prophecy! O Wind,
If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind?