Microbial resources

Microbial resources

Mohamed Wahby
PowerPoint presentation as a partial fulfilment for
the course Env. 704
Pre. M.Sc. In environmental sciences
Dec. 2012

Contents
• Introduction
• In industry
• Microbial insecticides (Biological control)
• Water borne pathogens in developing
countries
• Biodegradation
• Genetic engineering associated questioning
• Climatic change effect on microorganism’s
Mohamed Wahby - Alexandria University -
2
Faculty of science - Microbial resources

Contents
• Introduction
• In industry
countries
• Biodegradation
3

Microorganisms
• Microorganisms
include
bacteria, fungi,
archaea or
protists, but not
viruses and
prions, which
are generally
classified as
http://tbi.montana.edu/outreach/hotscience
non-living. /materials/resources/TreeofLife_TBI.jpg

http://www.sciencedaily.com/articles/m/microorganism.htm
4

Microorganisms
• Harmful or beneficial?

http://meadfamilydental.com/wp- http://www.interactive-biology.com/wp-
content/uploads/2012/05/Photo-Mar-27- content/uploads/2012/08/Probiotic-
12-45-02-AM.jpg Yogurt-862x1024.jpg
5

Microorganisms
• Their role in nature: Carbon cycle

Brock – Biology- of microorganisms – 13th edition - Chapter 24
Mohamed Wahby Alexandria University -
6

Microorganisms
• Their role in nature: Nitrogen cycle

http://www.eea.europa.e
u/data-and-
maps/figures/the-
nitrogen-cycle/trend10-
2s-soer2010-
eps/TREND10-2S-
nitrogen-
cycle.eps.75dpi.gif/image

7

Microorganisms
• Their role in nature: Nitrogen cycle

Brock – Biology of microorganisms –
13th edition - Chapter 24

8

Microorganisms
• Their role in nature: Sulphur cycle

http://img.docstoccdn.com/thumb/orig/120991179.png
9

Microorganisms
• Their role in nature: Sulphur cycle

Brock – Biology of microorganisms –
13th edition - Chapter 24

10

Microorganisms
• Bacteria

http://www.scilogs.com/import-data/images/11/bacteria.jpg
11

Microorganisms

• Why bacteria?
• Oldest on earth
• Nothing works
without them
• Basic and most
studied
organism
• Everywhere http://tbi.montana.edu/outreach/hotscience
/materials/resources/TreeofLife_TBI.jpg
12

Microorganisms
• Why bacteria genetically?
Simplicity and Polymerization rate

http://barleyworld.org/sites/default/files/figure-08-01_0.jpg 13

Microorganisms
• Why bacteria physiologically?

• Primary
metabolites

• Secondary
metabolites

http://ebsbiowizard.com/wp-content/uploads/2010/11/bacterial-growth-curve.png
14

Contents
• Introduction
• In industry
countries
• Biodegradation
15

Production of antibiotics
• Are produced from actinomycetes
• Are naturals, semi-synthetics or synthetics
• Classified according to their “mode of action”

http://www.armradio.am/en/wp- http://muirbiology.files.wordpress.com/2012/1
content/uploads/2012/11/antibiotik.jpg - Alexandria University -
Mohamed Wahby 1/2012-11-01-14-41-22.jpg
16

Discovery

Sir Alexander Fleming
(National Library of Medicine
/Photo Researchers, Inc.)

Image taken from: “Deadly diseases and epidemics, antibiotics-resistant bacteria”.
Patrick G. Guilfoile, Ph.D. FOUNDING EDITOR, The Late I. Edward Alcamo.
Distinguished Teaching Professor of Microbiology, SUNY Farmingdale. FOREWORD
BY David Heymann. World Health Organization. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-
Publication Data. ISBN: 978-0-7910-9188-3
17

Photograph of the original
culture plate of the fungus
Penicillium notatum made
by Sir Alexander Fleming (St.
Mary’s
Hospital Medical
School/Photo Researchers,
Inc.)

18

Production of antibiotics
• Principle: Substitutability test (in lab)

• Bacterial susceptibility
test. Practical section of
course “General
bacteriology ” Mic.311.
Department of
Microbiology, faculty of
science, Alexandria
University. Semester
Autumn 2010.
19

Production of vinegar
• Principle: Acetobacter

Okafor - Modern
industrial microbiology
and biotechnology –
Chapter 14 –
Production of vinegar

http://www.foodsketches.com/_media/_suppliers/_pics/10.jpg
20

Production of single cell protein
• Dairy wastes: Whey

Okafor - Modern industrial
microbiology and
biotechnology – Chapter 15
– Single cell protein

http://www.eplantscience.com/botanical_biot
echnology_biology_chemistry/biotechnology/
microbial_biotechnology/single_cell_protein_s
cp_and_mycoprotein/biotech_scp_production
_of_yeast_biomass.php
21

Production of E162

http://www.ajinomoto.com/amino/eng/img/1_5_image.gif
22

Contents
• Introduction
• In industry
countries
• Biodegradation
23

Microbial bio-control
• Bacillus thuringiensis

http://www.biocontrol.entomology.cor
nell.edu/pathogens/bacteria.html

24

Contents
• Introduction
• In industry
countries
• Biodegradation
25

Water borne diseases

http://www.righttoplay.com/International/news-and-media/PublishingImages/GOOD.png
26

• Guidelines
for drinking-
water
quality - 4th
edition –
WHO –
Chapter 7,
Microbial
aspects
27

Contents
• Introduction
• In industry
countries
• Biodegradation
28

Biodegradation of plastic

Ralstonia eutropha http://techcrunch.com/2011/03/08/sodastream-
coca-cola-sustainable-packaging/

http://microbewiki.kenyon.edu/index.php/Rals
29
tonia_eutropha Faculty of science - Microbial resources

30

Effect of genetically modified plants on
soil microorganisms
• “… Overall, the GM crops investigated so far seem to
have little or no effect on soil microbial communities.
The methods used, although suitable in different
ways for the analysis of multiple sample numbers,
were sensitive enough to detect changes due to
environmental factors such as plant growth
development, soil type, and year… ”
From Mitchell and Dong – environmental microbiology – 2nd
edition – Chapter 10 - 2010 Wiley-Blackwell.

31

Biodegradation and phytoremediation

http://nac.unl.edu/bufferguidelines/guidelines
/3_productive_soils/5.html
http://newspaper.li/static/e9b7c973691655ac2
c84aecdae6a8dc5.jpg
32

Contents
• Introduction
• In industry
countries
• Biodegradation
33

The effect of climatic change on
microorganism’s

http://www.emlab.com/m/media/TempRanges_ER0807_Fig1.jpg
34

In Egypt

http://www.narg.org.uk/images/egypt_satphoto_google.jpg
35

Conclusion
• Microorganisms are the main player in every
process takes place on earth
• Microorganisms are an important (could be
essential in some cases) source of food and
products
• Every living being on earth is affected by
climate change, even the unseen ones.

36

References
• Ralph Mitchell and Ji-Dong Gu – Environmental microbiology –
2nd edition - Wiley-Blackwell, 2010
• Jacquelyn G. Black – Microbiology, principles and explortaions
– 7th edition - Wiley-Blackwell, 2008
• Nduka Okafor – Modern industrial microbiology and
biotechnology – Science publisher, 2007
• Brock – Biology of microorganisms – 13th edition - Pearson
Education 2012, 2009, 2006
• Promila Parihar – Microbiology and immunology – Swastik
Publisher & distributors, 2009
• Naill A. Logan – Bacterial systematic - Wiley-Blackwell, 1994
37

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