Network basics 2 eng. moaath alshaikh

© 2007 Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved. ICND1 v1.0—1-1
2019-2020 2nd Semester
‫الشيخ‬ ‫عدنان‬ ‫معاذ‬ ‫املهندس‬
‫املعلوماتية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫في‬‫ماجستير‬–‫الحاسوبية‬ ‫والشبكات‬ ‫النظم‬ ‫هندسة‬ ‫اختصاص‬
‫املعلوماتية‬ ‫الهندسة‬ ‫كلية‬ ‫في‬ ‫تعليمية‬ ‫هيئة‬‫عضو‬–‫الخاصة‬ ‫الشام‬ ‫جامعة‬
‫الخاصة‬ ‫الشام‬ ‫جامعة‬ ‫في‬ ‫املؤسس‬ ‫املعلوماتية‬‫مدير‬(ً‫سابقا‬)
Network Basics
‫الحاسوبية‬ ‫الشبكات‬ ‫أساسيات‬
Eng. Moaath ALSHAIKH
$ P I N G T O F U T U R E
2

Network Topologies:
 Network topology defines the structure of the network.
 One part of the topology definition is the physical topology, which is the
actual layout of the wire or media.
 The other part is the logical topology, which defines how the media is
accessed by the hosts for sending data.
How to choose?
 { Star , Bus , Ring , Mesh , Hybrid , Wireless }
 Cost.
 Easy of installation.
 Easy of Maintenance.
 Cable Fault tolerance.

Physical Topology:
 Physical layout of the devices and cabling.
 Four primary categories:
 Bus
 Ring
 Star
 Mesh
Bus Topology
Ring
Topology
Star Topology
Mesh
Topology

Logical Topologies:
Logical topologies are logical paths that the signals use to travel from one
point on the network to another.
A
Server
Switch Router
Switch
Hub Bridge
B C
D
E
F
G
H
I
J
PC A to PC I
logical link

Physical Topologies:

Bus Topology:
 A bus topology uses a single backbone cable that is terminated at both
ends.
 All the hosts connect directly to this backbone.

Star and Extended-Star Topology:
 Star topology:
 Transmission through a
central point
 Single point of failure
 Extended-star topology:
 More resilient than the star
topology

Single-Ring and Dual-Ring Topology:
 Single-ring topology:
 Signals travel around the ring
 Single point of failure
 Dual-ring topology:
 Signals travel in opposite directions
 More resilient than the single ring
topology
Two links connected to the
same networking device
 A ring topology connects one host to the next and the last host to the
first.
 This creates a physical ring of cable.

Full-Mesh and Partial-Mesh Topology:
 Full-mesh topology:
 Highly fault-tolerant
 Expensive to implement
 Partial-mesh topology:
 Trade-off between fault
tolerance and cost

Hybrid Topology:
 Connecting tow or more of network topology.

Networking Devices:
 Equipment that connects directly to a network segment is referred to as a
device.
 These devices are broken up into two classifications.
 end-user devices
 network devices
 End-user devices include computers, printers, scanners, and other
devices that provide services directly to the user.
 Network devices include all the devices that connect the end-user devices
together to allow them to communicate.

Network Interface Card:
A network interface card (NIC) is a printed circuit board that
provides network communication capabilities to and from a
personal computer. Also called a LAN adapter.

MAC Address:
 Components of a MAC address:
– 1-bit broadcast: Identifies broadcast MAC address
– 1-bit local: Identifies local MAC address
– 22-bit OUI: Identifies the manufacturer of the NIC card
– 24-bit vendor-assigned end-station address: Uniquely identifies the Ethernet hardware
 MAC address notation:
– A MAC address is expressed as six groups of two hexadecimal digits, separated by hyphens
(-) or colons (:), in transmission order.
00:00:0c:43:2e:08
Vendor-AssignedOUI
24 bits22 bits11
Local
Broadcast
MAC address is 48 bits in length and expressed as twelve hexadecimal
digits.MAC addresses are sometimes referred to as burned-in addresses
(BIA) because they are burned into read-only memory (ROM) and are
copied into random-access memory (RAM) when the NIC initializes.

Networking Device Icons:

Repeater:
 A repeater is a network device used to regenerate a signal.
 Repeaters regenerate analog or digital signals distorted by transmission
loss due to attenuation. A repeater does not perform intelligent routing.

Hub:
 Hubs concentrate connections.
In other words, they take a
group of hosts and allow the
network to see them as a single
unit.
 This is done passively, without
any other effect on the data
transmission.
 Active hubs not only
concentrate hosts, but they also
regenerate signals.

Bridge:
Bridges convert network transmission data formats as well as perform basic
data transmission management. Bridges, as the name implies, provide
connections between LANs. Not only do bridges connect LANs, but they also
perform a check on the data to determine whether it should cross the bridge
or not. This makes each part of the network more efficient.

Switch:
 Workgroup switches add more
intelligence to data transfer
management.
 Switches can determine
whether data should remain on
a LAN or not, and they can
transfer the data to the
connection that needs that data.

Switches – MAC Tables:

Router:
Routers have all capabilities of the previous devices. Routers can regenerate
signals, concentrate multiple connections, convert data transmission
formats, and manage data transfers. They can also connect to a WAN, which
allows them to connect LANs that are separated by great distances.
20

The Cloud:
 The cloud is used in diagrams to represent where the connection to the
internet is.
 It also represents all of the devices on the internet.

Cisco Icons and Symbols:
Router
Workgroup
Switch
Multilayer Switch
with Route/Switch
Processor
IP Phone
PC
Server
Network
CloudHub
Multilayer
Switch
Frame
Switch
PIX
Firewall
VPN
Concentrator
Router with
Firewall
Cisco ASA 5500
Terminal
Server

?
Thank You For Attention…
Any Question!

Moaath ALSHAIKH | ‫الشيخ‬ ‫معاذ‬ ‫املهندس‬
Moaath ALSHAIKH | ‫الشيخ‬ ‫معاذ‬ ‫املهندس‬
Moaath ALSHAIKH | ‫الشيخ‬ ‫عدنان‬ ‫معاذ‬ ‫املهندس‬
Moaath ALSHAIKH | ‫الشيخ‬ ‫معاذ‬ ‫املهندس‬ QR Linked

Network basics 2 eng. moaath alshaikh

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