ppt self-made about 21st century lit

1. 21st Century Literature from the
Philippines and the World
Prepared by: Neftali Julius F. Somintac
Quarter 3 – Module 1:
Geographic, Linguistic and Ethnic
Dimensions of Philippine Literary History
from Pre-Colonial to the Contemporary

2. At the end of the
lesson, you should
be able to:
•identify the geographic, linguistic,
and ethnic dimensions of
Philippine literary history from
pre-colonial to the contemporary
(EN12Lit-Ia-21); and
•explain the relationship of
context with the text’s meaning
(EN12Lit-Ie-30).

3. 21st
Literature
means…
21st century literature per se, is
anything that was written and
published in the year 2000s.

4. What does “literature”
mean?
The term literature is
derived from the
Latin word Littera,
which means letters.

5. Literature is a product
of particular culture
that concertizes man’s
array of values,
emotions, actions and
ideas. It is therefore a
creation of human
experience that tells
about people and their
world.
It is a body of literary
productions, either oral,
written or visual,
containing imaginative
language that
realistically portrays
thoughts, emotions, and
experiences of the
human condition.

6. Think About
This!
Our forefathers already had their literature, which reflected
in their customs and traditions.
They had their alphabet even before they had colonized. The
Spanish friars burned their alphabet in the belief that they were
works of the devil or were written on materials that quickly
perished, like the barks of trees, dried leaves, and bamboo
cylinders, which could not have remained firm even if efforts were
made to preserve them.
Our unique geographic location is the reason why we are rich.

7. LITERATURE
• Is a body of written works.
• Originated from oral traditions.
• Are imaginative works.
• Deals with stories and poetry.
• The content depends on the author.

8. Philippine
Literary
Periods
• The Pre-colonial Period
• The Spanish Period (1521-1898)
• Period Of Enlightenment (1872-
1896)
• The American Regime (1898-1942)
• The Japanese Period (1941-1945)
• Philippine Literature In English
(1941-1945)
• The Republic (1946-1985)
• 21st Century Period

9. The Pre-Colonial Period
• This existed before the Spanish
occupation in the 1500s.
• It is oral in nature and is full of lessons
and ideas about life, its blessings, and its
consequences.
• It contains ideas from birth to the grave.
• In the Philippine context, no matter how
it may be considered as altered, pre-
colonial literature is still revered
(valued) to by many Filipinos.
• The sources are usually the local native
town folk.

10. Pre-colonial to early colonial
period: Baybayin
Early in the pre-colonial period, the
ancient peoples of the Philippines
did not have any writing system, and
so they relied on oral tradition in
recording folklore and folk history.

11. Pre-colonial to early colonial
period: Baybayin
Sometime in the 13th century, writing systems
derived from the Indian-influenced cultures of
Indonesia and Malaysia came to the islands,
leading to the emergence of native writing
systems called baybayin, primarily used by certain
inhabitants of Luzon and the Visayas.

13. 12 Surprising Facts You Didn’t Know About Pre-
Colonial Philippines
https://filipiknow.net/facts-about-pre-colonial-philippines/

14. The Spanish Period
On March 16, 1521, the
Portuguese explorer
Ferdinand Magellan arrived
in the Philippine soil. He
landed in Homonhon, an
island in Eastern Samar. He
also went to Limasawa,
which was where the first
Catholic mass in the country
was celebrated.

15. The Spanish Period
Literature in this period may be classified as religious prose and poetry and
secular prose and poetry.
• The first Filipino alphabet, called BAYBAYIN, was replaced by the Roman
alphabet. Also, the teaching of the Christian Doctrine became the basis of
religious practices.
Folk Songs
• It manifests the artistic feelings of the Filipinos and shows their innate
appreciation for and love of beauty. The examples are Leron-Leron Sinta,
Pamulinawen, Dandansoy, Sarong Banggi, and Atin Cu Pung Sing-sing.
Recreational Plays
• There were many recreational plays performed by Filipinos during the
Spanish times. Almost all of them were in a poetic form such Cenaculo,
Panunuluyan, Salubong and Zarzuela.

16. Propaganda Literature
• These were in the forms of satires, editorials,
and news articles that aimed to attack the
Spanish Rule.
• The propaganda trinity is composed of Dr.
Jose Rizal, Marcelo H. Del Pilar, and Graciano
Lopez Jaena
Examples
Graciano Lopez Jaena
• Ang Fray Botod- One of his works written in
Jaro, Iloilo in 1876, six years after the Cavite
Revolt attacking the friars in the Philippines.
He exposed how some of the friars were
greedy, ambitious and immoral.

17. Propaganda Literature
• LA HIJA DEL FRAILE (The Child of the Friar) and EVERYTING IS
HAMBUG (Everything is mere show)-
• Here Jaena explains the tragedy of marrying a Spaniard.
Marcelo H. Del Pilar
• KAIINGAT KAYO (Be Careful)- a humorous and sarcastic dig in answer
to Fr. Jose Rodriquez in the novel NOLI of Rizal, published in Barcelona
in 1888. He used Dolores Manapat as pen-name here.
• DASALAN AT TOCSOHAN (Prayers and Jokes)- similar to a catechism
but sarcastically done against the parish priests, published in Barcelona
in 1888.
• Because of this, del Pilar was called “filibuster.” Done in admirable tone
of supplication and excellent use of Tagalog.

18. Propaganda Literature
Dr. Jose Rizal
NOLI ME TANGERE- his was the novel that gave spirit to the
propaganda movement and paved the way to the revolution against
Spain. In this book, he courageously exposed the evils in the Spanish-
run government in the Philippines.
El Filibusterismo– This is a sequel to the NOLI. While the NOLI
exposed the evils in society, the FILI exposed those in the government
and in the church. However, the NOLI has been dubbed the novel of
society while that of FILI is that of politics.

19. Revolutionary Literature
-are exposes that sparked revolution and resistance in the hearts of
Filipinos.
Examples:
Andres Bonifacio
Katungkulang Gagawin ng mga Anak ng Bayan (Obligations of our
Countrymen) – an outline of obligations just like the Ten
Commandments, hence, it is likewise called Ang Dekalogo.
Ang Dapat Mabatid ng mga Tagalog (What the Tagalogs should Know)
– an essay outlining the basic tenets of Bonifacio’s ideas on
nationalism.

20. Revolutionary Literature
Examples:
Emilio Jacinto
• Liwanag at Dilim (Light and Darkness) – a collection of essays on
different subjects like freedom, work, faith, government and love of
country.
Apolinario Mabini
El Desarollo y Caida de la Republica Filipina (The Rise and Fall of the
Philippine Republic) – this essay highlights the establishment of the
Philippine republic and its subsequent doom due to disunity among
the Filipinos

21. Publications (newspapers)
El Heraldo de la Revolucion (Herald of the Revolution) – printed the
decrees of the Revolutionary Government, news and works in
Tagalog that aroused nationalism. This is the Official Newspaper of
the Revolutionary Government of Aguinaldo.
La Independencia (Independence) – an independent newspaper
founded and edited by General Antonio Luna.
La Republica Filipina (The Philippine Republic) – a private
newspaper edited by Pedro Paterno.
La Libertad (Liberty) – another private newspaper edited by
Clemente Zulueta.

22. THE AMERICAN REGIME
Linguistically, Americans influenced Filipino writers to write using English language.
Jose Garcia Villa became famous for his free verse.
• The Philippines had a great leap in Education and Culture.
• The use of English alongside Filipino was practiced.
• The Philippines Public School system was introduced.
• Free public instruction was given to the Filipinos.
• The literature during the American period was considered as
imitative of
• American model. Instead of asking the students to write originals,
students ended up following the form of American poets.

23. THE JAPANESE PERIOD (1941-1945)
• Philippine Literature was interrupted in its development when another foreign
country, Japan, conquered the Philippines between1941-1945. Philippine
literature in English came to a halt. This led to all newspapers not to be
circulated in the community except for TRIBUNE and PHILIPPINE REVIEW.
Filipino Poetry during this period
The common theme of most poems during the Japanese occupation was
nationalism, country, love, and life in the barrios, faith, religion, and the arts.
Three types of poems emerged during this period:
• Haiku , a poem of free verse that the Japanese like. It was made up of 17
syllables divided into three lines and
• Tanaga – like the Haiku, is short, but it had measure and rhyme.
• Karaniwang Anyo (Usual Form)

24. 21st CENTURY PERIOD
The new trends have been used and
introduced to meet the needs and tastes of
the new generation. 21st Century learners are
demanded to be ICT inclined to compete with
the style and format of writing as well. New
codes or lingos are used to add flavor in the
literary pieces produced nowadays.

25. 1. What is the best definition of literature?
A. Literature covers both oral and written forms of
works for expressive and imaginative purposes.
B. Literature is limited to written materials that gain
artistic merit for human expression.
C. Literature is written solely to inform and
persuade.
D. Literature is anything written and published.
Q#1-021423

26. 2. Which genre of literature observes sounds
and rhythms for aesthetic purpose in
expressing one's feelings, ideas, and beliefs?
A. Fiction
B. Non-fiction
C. Prose
D. Poetry
Q#1-021423

27. 3. In which type of literature do legends,
folktales, short stories, and any novels
belong?
A. Art
B. Fiction
C. Non-fiction
D. Poetry
Q#1-021423

28. 4. Which literary form refers to verses that
depict extraordinary strength, adventure,
and heroism?
A. Epic
B. Fairy tale
C. Legend
D. Myth
Q#1-021423

29. 5. What element of story is depicted in this
given statement: "The King is very ill
and his sons rival each other in catching a
bird"?
A. Character
B. Conflict
C. Setting
A. Theme
Q#1-021423

30. 6. The famous work written by Dr. Jose P. Rizal
entitled "El Filibusterismo“ reflects the daily
experiences and struggles of our Filipinos
during his time. In which genre does it belong?
A. Drama
B. Non-fiction prose
C. Poetry
D. Prose fiction
Q#1-021423

31. 7. What is most likely the theme of literary
text during early Spanish period?
A. Equality
B. Nationalism
C. Nature
D. Religion and morality
Q#1-021423

32. 8. Which period in the history of Philippine
literature did the Spanish, American, and
Japanese come to our country?
A. Colonial Period
B. Period of Apprenticeship
C. Post-colonial Period
D. Pre-colonial Period
Q#1-021423

33. 9. The word literature came from the
word ______ which means letters.
A. Lexis
B. Littera
C. La mantia
D. letra
Q#1-021423

34. 10. The emergence of native writing systems
called _________, primarily used by certain
inhabitants of Luzon and the Visayas in 13th
century.
A. Alibata
B. English alphabet
C. Baybayin
D. calligraphy
Q#1-021423

35. 11. ____ is a poem of free verse that
the Japanese like. It was made up of
17 syllables divided into three lines
A. Tanaga
B. Haiku
C. textula
Q#1-021423

36. 12-15
Write at least (4) four forms or
types of literature.
Q#1-021423

37. Let’s try!
Go to your browser like Google Chrome
On the address bar, type classpoint.app
Input your name and the class code
69146

38. 1. Kailan isinilang si Amado V. Hernandez?
A. 13 Setyembre 1903
B. 14 Setyembre 1903
C. 13 Setyembre 1904
D. 14 Setyembre 1904

39. 2. Ang salitang “linsil” ay ginamit ni
Amado V. Hernandez sa kanyang
akdang “Isang dipang Lupa”, ano ang
kasingkahulugan ng salitang linsil?
A. Kasalanan
B. Pagkakaibigan
C. Pagtatraydor
D. Pagpapatawag

40. 3. Ano ang kahulugan ng salitang “tanikala”?
A. Kutsilyo
B. Lubid
C. Panggapos
D. Patalim

41. 4. Ito ay isang anyo ng sabayang pagbigkas na
binabasa lamang ang piyesa sa tulong ng
intonasyon, pagtaas-baba ng tinig at may kaunting
kilos ngunit nananatili sa kinatatayoan.
A. Makahulugang pagbasa
B. Sabayang pagbigkas
C. Sabayang pagbigkas na walang galaw
D. Sabayang pagbigkas na may galaw at

42. (5-7) Sa akdang “Isang Dipang
Langit”, ano ang ibig sabihin ng
saknong na ito?
“ Ikinulong ako sa kutang malupit:
bato, bakal, punlo, balasik ng bantay;
lubos na tiwalag sa buong daigdig
at inaring kahit buhay man ay patay.”

43. 8. Who is the main character in
the story Footnote to Youth?
A. Blas
B. Dodong
C. Teang
D. Tona

44. 9. Who is the author of the story
Footnote to Youth?
A.Carlos Bolusan
B.Jose Garcia Villa
C.Juan C. Laya
D.Kerima Polotan Tuvera

45. 10. What is the theme of the
story?
A.Bravery and courage
B.History repeats itself
C.No man is an island
D.Love knows no gender

46. 11. What point of view was
used in the story?
A.1st person point of view
B. 2nd person point of view
C.3rd person limited
D.3rd person omniscient

47. 12. Where do you think the story takes
place?
A. Far flung area
B. Near the shore
C. Rural area particularly where the farm is
D. Urban area where there are big

48. 13. What do you think will happen if Blas
continues to marry Tona?
A. They will always fight.
B. His married life will not be blessed.
C. Tona will find another man years after
marriage.
D. He will also experience what his father

49. 11. What point of view was
used in the story?
A.1st person point of view
B. 2nd person point of view
C.3rd person limited
D.3rd person omniscient

50. Literature derived from the Latin word littera
which means _____
a.Paper
b.Pen
c.Letters
d.language

51. What is the first writing system of native
Filipinos?

52. Give examples of literary forms

53. Thank you for listening!

54. Imagery and
Meaning
Identifying Representative Texts from the Region LIT10292020

55. What image do you see in your mind when you read the following sentence?
A field of bright yellow flowers lay beautifully in front of me.
LIT10292020

56. What image do you see in your mind when you read the following sentence?
The big, juicy burger with its melted cheese and red tomatoes made my
mouth water and my stomach grumble.
LIT10292020

58. Imagery
• Imagery refers to the “mental
pictures” that readers experience
when reading literature.
• Imagery appeals directly to one
or more of the five senses.
• An author achieves imagery
through the use of words.
LIT10292020

59. Imagery in Poetry
Imagery refers to the "pictures" which
we perceive with our mind's eyes,
ears, nose, tongue, skin, and through
which we experience the "duplicate
world" created by poetic language.
LIT10292020

60. Types of Imagery
1. Visual – what you see
2. Auditory – what you hear
3. Kinesthetic – what you feel
4. Olfactory – what you smell
5. Gustatory – what you taste
LIT10292020

61. Examples
1. Visual – The golden rays of the setting sun reflected upon
the clear waters of the lake.
2. Auditory – The trees rustled as the wind whistled gently
through the leaves.
3. Kinesthetic – My toes went numb and a shiver ran through
my body as I stepped into the cold river.
4. Olfactory – The stench of rotting garbage overpowered my
nostrils when I opened the bin.
5. Gustatory – Her mouth watered, and her tongue burned as
she bit into the sour, peppery mango chow.
LIT10292020

62. Quiz # 14
1. What is imagery?
•A. Character development
•B. Vivid sensory description
•C. Interesting dialogue
•D. All of the above

63. Quiz # 14
2. Many writers create imagery through figurative
language. Which is NOT a type of figurative
language?
• A. Theme
• B. Simile
• C. Personification
• D. Metaphor

64. Quiz # 14
3. "The thunder clapped loudly, shaking
the house."
•A. Sight
•B. Taste
•C. Touch
•D. Sound

65. Quiz # 14
4. “There is a place where the sidewalk ends and
before the street begins, and there the grass grows
soft and white.”
• A. Sight
• B. Sound
• C. Taste
• D. Touch
• E. Smell

66. Quiz # 14
5. He shrieked and screamed and rolled
around.”
• A. Sight
• B. Sound
• C. Taste
• D. Touch
• E. Smell

67. Quiz # 14
6. “I tried on the summer sun, Felt good. Nice
and warm -- knew it would,”
• A. Sight
• B. Sound
• C. Taste
• D. Touch
• E. Smell

68. Quiz # 14
7. Silence was broken by the peal of piano
keys as Shannon began practicing her
concerto.
A. visual
B. auditory
C. olfactory
D. gustatory
E. kinesthetic

69. Quiz # 14
8. She smelled the scent of sweet hibiscus
wafting through the air, its tropical smell a
reminder that she was on vacation in a
beautiful place.
A. visual
B. auditory
C. olfactory
D. gustatory
E. kinesthetic

70. Quiz # 14
9. The candy melted in her mouth and swirls
of bittersweet chocolate and slightly sweet
but salty caramel blended together on her
tongue.
A. visual
B. auditory
C. olfactory
D. gustatory
E. kinesthetic

71. Quiz # 14
10. After the long run, he collapsed in the
grass with tired and burning muscles. The
grass tickled his skin and sweat cooled on his
brow.
A. visual
B. auditory
C. olfactory
D. gustatory
E. kinesthetic

72. Quiz # 14
10. The night was black as ever, but bright
stars lit up the sky in beautiful and varied
constellations which were sprinkled across the
astronomical landscape.
A. visual
B. auditory
C. olfactory
D. gustatory
E. kinesthetic

73. “Gabu” is an existent topographic point along the
coastline of Ilocos Norte. located in the northern
parts of the Philippines. The Philippines is known
to the universe as one of the most unsafe
topographic points to populate in due to the fact
that the state plays host to multiple typhoons
every twelvemonth. The seashore of Gabu is no
exclusion to these calamities. It is one of those
countries which are often visited by the said
typhoons.

74. 1st stanza
desolations brought approximately by the “battering
restlessness of the sea”
Words such as “sea” and “beach” denote life and felicity
and a general tone of positiveness.
reversed representation by the verse form right from the
beginning
The character talked about a “wasteland”
Harmonizing to the verse form. this barren is being
“havocked” (devastated) .

75. 2nd stanza
the same tone
sea is still ferocious (brutal)
Lines 7 and 8 introduce us to a new sort of
feeling and esthesis (sensation)
This kind of imagination makes the reader
experience an emotion of unhappiness and
desperation

76. 3rd stanza
Now in line 9. when he talks about the “waste of the
centuries”
We see here an allusion to the yesteryear
It was said that the sea becomes “neutral” as it reaches the
shore. This gives the reader an imagination about retrieving
past memories whenever one looks at the shore. However.
this imagination of the yesteryear is depicted in a mode
which is similar to the first two stanzas, a feeling of
unhappiness
Grey is a colour which normally represents sorrow and
unhappiness

77. 4th stanza
In the 4th stanza, it is explicitly stated how the “vital
luster misses”. The “vital splendor” which refers to the
past glorification that was one time on the beach, is
now gone.
“All things forfeited are most loved and beloved. ”
This presents to us a paradox of destructing
something that is loved.
What we all desire is an ageless stopping when we
would eventually rest in peace.

78. 031623
Not So Long Quiz

79. 1. The term “__________________” refers to a
body of books, narratives and other texts
considered to be the most important and
influential of a particular time period or place.
A.literary canon
B.canon literature
C.canon

80. 2. Which eminent Filipino author was a
professor emeritus of literature at College of
Liberal Arts, DLSU and the author of “Third
World Geography”?
A. Cirilo Bautista
B. F. Sionil Jose
C. Edith Tiempo
D. NVM Gonzales

81. 3. Which of the following Philippine literary
works tells a story about two siblings trying to
settle an argument about something they
found?
A. My Brother's Peculiar Chicken
B. Tong
C. The Mats
D. Isang Dipang Langit

82. 4. Which eminent Filipino author became the first
Asian president of the United Nations General
Assembly?
A. Bienvenido Lumbera
B. Carlos P. Romulo
C. Amado V. Hernandez
D. Francisco Arcellana

83. 5. Which eminent Filipino author contributes to
children’s literature (Aklat Adarna series)?
A. Virgilio Almario
B. NVM Gonzales
C. Nick Joaquin
D. Jose Garcia Villa

84. 6. What is the highest recognition bestowed to
any Filipino who has a significant contribution
towards the development of culture and arts?
A. Filipino Writer for Literature Awards
B. National Artists Awardees
C. Recognition for Filipino Writers
D. The Order for National Artists

85. 7. This 5-novel series written by F. Sionil
Jose has been internationally acclaimed
and has been translated in more than 20
languages. What is its title?
A. Daluyong
B. Hunger in Barok
C. The Great Malayan
D. The Rosales Saga

86. 8. What is the title of the novel of Amado V.
Hernandez which exposes the ills of society
as evident in the agrarian problems of the
50s?
A. Ibong Ligaw
B. Ligaw na mga Ibon
C. Mga Ibong Malaya
D. Mga Ibong Mandaragit

87. 9. Who is the writer of Footnote to
Youth and has a pen name
“Doveglion”?
A. Amado V. Hernandez
B. Carlos P. Romulo
C. Jose Garcia Villa
D. Nick Joaquin

88. 10. He is a prolific Filipino writer whose
works have been translated in more that
20 languages and a native of Rosales,
Pangasinan.
A. Nick Joaquin
B. F. Sionil Jose
C. N.V.M Gonzalez
D. Francisco Arcellana

89. 11. Carlos P. Romulo was already a
reporter at the young age of 12, and
became a publisher at 32.
True
False

90. 12. He is a Filipino American author, poet,
and activist who wrote “America is in the
Heart”.
A. Bienvenido Lumbera
B. Carlos Bulosan
C. Lazaro Francisco
D. Carlos L. Quirino

91. 13. He was imprisoned for his
participation in the communist
movement.
A. Virgilio Almario
B. Carlos P. Romulo
C. Jose Garcia Villa
D. Amado V. Hernandez

92. 14. The Rizal Monument in Luneta
Was Not Made by a Filipino Artist.
True
False

93. 15. He also used the pen name Quijano
de Manila for some of his works.
A. Nick Manila
B. Nick Joaquin
C. Nick Quijano
D. Nick de Manila

94. 16. What is the name of the school organ
where in Francisco Arcellana became a
staff member?
A. The Organ
B. The Educators
C. The Torres Torch
D. The Sentinel

95. 17. A famous writer and a women advocate
who wrote Dekada 70 is ____________.
A.Cecilia Munoz
B. Lualhati Bautista
C.Sanya Lopez
D. Gabriella Silang

96. 18. The rival of Francisco Baltazar who
incarcerated him.
A.Mariano Marcos
B.Macario Sakay
C.Mariano Capule
D. Mario Catalino

97. 19. Jose Rizal studied medicine when he
learned that his _______ was nearing to
be blinded.
A.father
B.mother
C.lover
D. suitor

98. 20. Rizal died in 1896 in Luneta
formerly known as _________.
A. Bonifacio Global
B.Rizal Park
C.Bagumbayan
D.Intramuros

99. 21. What is the nickname of Francisco
Baltazar?
A. Franco
B. Ankie
C. Kiko
D. Isko

100. 22. Who is the long-time lover of Rizal
and a native of Camiling, Tarlac?
A. Leonor Rivera
B. Leona Rivera
C. Leny Lawan
D. Lilia Moonton

101. 23. What is the first novel of NVM
Gonzales which was published in
1941?
A. The Winds of March
B. The Winds of April
C. The Winds the Flows my Love
D. The Winds and the Sun

102. 24. ______ is a discourse that
surrounds a language unit and helps
to determine its interpretation.
A. biographical context
B. socio-cultural context
C. linguistic context

103. 25. ___ is the perspective we can use
to distinguish the roles of
marginalized women in the society.
A. Marxist Theory
B. Feminist Theory
C. Queer Theory

104. 26. ___ distinguishes the social
stratification between the capitalists
and the working class, the ruler and
its members, and the rich and poor.
A. Marxist Theory
B. Feminist Theory
C. Queer Theory

105. 27. is the perspective used in
determining a “coming-of-age” story
where a character develops and
unveils his desired identity.
A. Marxist Theory
B. Feminist Theory
C. Queer Theory

106. 28. People Power Revolution took
place among the Filipino people in the
year ____.
A. 1983
B.1984
C.1985
D.1986

107. 29. In using socio-cultural, you have
consider the year or ______ a text
was written.
A. place
B. period
C. picture
D. pen

108. 30. Ferdinand Marcos declared
Martial law in the Philippines in ____
A. 1971
B. 1972
C. 1973
D. 1974

109. The 10 Best Ancient Greek Myths and
Legends
1.Pandora’s Box
2.Prometheus and the Theft of Fire
3.Narcissus and Echo
4.Sisyphus' Punishment
5.Perseus' Slaying of Medusa
6.Heracles and the 12 Labors
7.Theseus and the Labyrinth
8.Icarus' Flight
9.Oedipus and the Oracle's Prophecy
10.The Trojan Horse

111. 1."He resembled a bottle of fine wine, hiding a
sinister secret."
2."Montresor's heart turned to stone as he plotted
his revenge."
3."The walls of the catacombs whispered their
dark secrets."
4."Montresor's desire for revenge burned hotter
than the fires of hell."
5."Fortunato, a connoisseur of wines, met his
unfortunate fate in the depths of the catacombs."

112. Simile onomatopoeia
Metaphor alliteration
Personification oxymoron
Hyperbole irony
Symbols euphemism

113. 6. "Montresor's malicious mind meticulously mapped
his masterful scheme."
7. "The Amontillado symbolized Montresor's twisted
quest for revenge and ultimate triumph."
8. "The jingling of the bells echoed ominously in the
depths of the catacombs."
9. "The sweet taste of revenge mingled with the bitter
satisfaction of Montresor's success."
10. "Montresor escorted Fortunato to his final resting
place, ensuring he would never be disturbed."

114. What is a euphemism? A
euphemism is a word or phrase
that softens an uncomfortable
topic. It uses figurative language
to refer to a situation without
having to confront it.

115. Examples of euphemism
•“Passed away” instead of “died”
•“Let go” instead of “fired”
•“Make love” instead of “sex”
•“Put down” instead of
“euthanized”

117. Creative Writing: Ask students to imagine they are
Fortunato and have them write a diary entry or a
letter expressing their thoughts and emotions
leading up to their encounter with Montresor.
This activity allows students to delve deeper into
the mind of the victim and explore their
perspectives and feelings.

118. The Tell-Tale Heart
Edgar Allan Poe

119. Summary
"The Necklace" is a short story written by Guy de
Maupassant. It revolves around Mathilde Loisel, a
middle-class woman who longs to be a part of the
upper-class society. Mathilde is dissatisfied with
her modest lifestyle and dreams of wealth and
luxury. One day, her husband, Monsieur Loisel,
brings home an invitation to a high-profile event,
and Mathilde is filled with excitement. However,
she is overcome with despair when she realizes
she does not have an elegant dress or any

120. Summary
To alleviate her distress, Mathilde borrows a
beautiful diamond necklace from her wealthy
friend, Madame Forestier. At the event,
Mathilde receives attention and admiration,
fulfilling her desire for social recognition.
However, after returning home, she discovers
that she has lost the necklace. The couple
decides to replace it without informing
Madame Forestier and spends their savings,
as well as borrowing money, to purchase an
identical necklace.

121. Years pass, and Mathilde and her husband live a
life of hardship and poverty to repay their debts.
One day, Mathilde happens to meet Madame
Forestier and confesses the truth about the lost
necklace. To her astonishment, Madame Forestier
reveals that the necklace was actually an
imitation and was worth only a fraction of what
Mathilde believed. Mathilde's pursuit of material
wealth has ultimately led to her downfall and a
lifetime of unnecessary suffering.

122. 1. What is the name of the protagonist
in "The Necklace"?
a)Monsieur Loisel
b)Mathilde Forestier
c) Madame Loisel
d) Mathilde LoiseL

123. 2. Why does Mathilde Loisel feel
unhappy with her life?
a) She lacks education
b) She is unemployed
c) She desires wealth and luxury
d) She is in poor health

124. 3. Where does Mathilde borrow the
necklace from?
a) Her mother
b) A jewelry store
c) Madame Forestier
d) Her husband

125. 4. What is the occasion that Mathilde
and her husband attend?
a) A wedding
b) A funeral
c) A birthday party
d) A high-profile event

126. 5. What happens to the necklace after
the event?
a) It is stolen
b) Mathilde loses it
c) It gets damaged
d) Mathilde returns it to Madame
Forestier

127. 6. How do Mathilde and her husband
replace the lost necklace?
a) They steal another necklace
b) They win the lottery
c) They borrow money
d) They find a cheaper necklace

128. 7. How long do Mathilde and her
husband live in poverty?
a) A few months
b) A year
c) Several years
d) Their entire lives

129. 8. Who does Mathilde meet again
after several years?
a) Her mother
b) Madame Forestier
c) Monsieur Loisel
d) A rich benefactor

130. 9. What is the true value of the lost
necklace?
a) It is priceless
b) It is worth a small fortune
c) It is an imitation and worth very
little d) It is worth more than
Mathilde's house

131. 10. What is the moral lesson of "The
Necklace"?
a) Material possessions bring
happiness
b) Honesty is always the best policy
c) Vanity and greed can lead to ruin
d) Money can solve all problems

133. Alternative Ending Summary:
In this version, Mathilde discovers the necklace in the
folds of her dress shortly after leaving the ball.
Overwhelmed with relief and joy, she rushes back to
Madame Forestier's house to return it. There, she
confesses her initial deception and the loss of the
necklace. To her surprise, Madame Forestier forgives
Mathilde, explaining that the necklace was a costume
piece worth very little. She reveals that she had lent it
to Mathilde as a favor, aware of her friend's desire to fit
in with the wealthy crowd.

134. Plot Activity: Rewrite the Ending
Instructions:
1.Imagine an alternative ending for the story.
2.Rewrite the ending, changing key events, character
decisions, or plot twists.
3.Consider how your new ending affects the overall
message or theme of the story.
4.Write a short summary or description of your
alternative ending.

135. Identify the figures of speech from the story “The
Necklace”.
1."Her laughter tinkled like a delicate silver bell."
2."Time was a merciless thief, robbing her of her youth
and dreams."
3."The moon gazed sadly upon the lonely streets,
casting a melancholic glow."
4."Her heart shattered into a thousand pieces when
she discovered the necklace was lost."
5. "The necklace's shimmering strands swirled and
sparkled, seducing the onlookers."

136. Identify the figures of speech from the story “The
Necklace”.
6. "As she opened the box, a small 'click' echoed in the
silence."
7. "Her newfound wealth became a golden prison, trapping
her in a life of false luxury."
8. "The necklace, a symbol of wealth and prestige, brought
only misery and despair."
9. "The necklace represented a mirage of happiness,
promising fulfillment but delivering only regret."
10. "The scent of roses lingered in the air, their petals
caressed by a gentle breeze, as she danced through the

138. Question: What do the witches prophesy to
Macbeth?
a) He will become the Thane of Cawdor and the
King of Scotland.
b) He will become a wealthy merchant.
c) He will become a renowned warrior.
d) He will become a hermit living in the woods.

139. Who is Macbeth's loyal friend and ally?
a) Duncan
b) Macduff
c) Banquo
d) Malcolm

140. 3. How does Lady Macbeth convince Macbeth to
kill King Duncan?
a) She threatens to expose his secret.
b) She promises him great wealth and power.
c) She appeals to his sense of honor and duty.
d) She questions his manhood and bravery.

141. Where does King Duncan's murder take
place?
a) In Macbeth's castle
b) In the forest
c) In the battlefield
d) In a cave

142. Who is the first to suspect Macbeth's involvement
in Duncan's murder?
a) Macduff
b) Lady Macbeth
c) Banquo
d) Malcolm

143. Who does Macbeth see as a ghost during a
banquet?
a) King Duncan
b) Banquo
c) Lady Macbeth
d) Macduff

144. Who kills Macbeth in the final battle?
a) Macduff
b) Malcolm
c) Banquo
d) Lady Macbeth

145. Who becomes the king of Scotland at the
end of the play?
a) Macbeth
b) Banquo
c) Macduff
d) Malcolm

146. 1. Who wrote the play
"Hamlet"?
a) William Shakespeare
b) George Bernard Shaw
c) Oscar Wilde
d) Charles Dickens

147. 2. In which country is the play "Hamlet"
primarily set?
a) France
b) England
c) Denmark
d) Italy

148. 3. What is the name of the protagonist in
"Hamlet"?
a) Macbeth
b) Romeo
c) Hamlet
d) Othello

149. 4. Who is Hamlet's father and the
previous King of Denmark?
a) King Duncan
b) King Lear
c) King Hamlet
d) King Claudius

150. 5. What is the name of Hamlet's
mother?
a) Gertrude
b) Desdemona
c) Lady Macbeth
d) Cordelia

151. 6. Who is Hamlet's uncle and the
current King of Denmark?
a) Polonius
b) Horatio
c) Laertes
d) Claudius

152. 7. What ghost appears to Hamlet, revealing
the truth about his father's death?
a) The ghost of King Duncan
b) The ghost of Julius Caesar
c) The ghost of King Hamlet
d) The ghost of Macbeth

153. 8. Who is Hamlet's loyal friend, who
provides moral support and advice?
a) Ophelia
b) Rosencrantz
c) Guildenstern
d) Horatio

154. 9. What is the famous soliloquy where Hamlet
contemplates the meaning of life and death?
a) "To be, or not to be."
b) "All the world's a stage."
c) "Is this a dagger which I see before me?"
d) "Friends, Romans, countrymen, lend me your ears."

155. 10. What is the name of the play-within-a-play
that Hamlet uses to catch Claudius' conscience?
a) "The Tempest"
b) "Macbeth"
c) "The Murder of Gonzago" (or "The
Mousetrap")
d) "Romeo and Juliet"

157. "Hamlet" is a tragedy written
by William Shakespeare, set
in the Kingdom of Denmark.
The play revolves around
Prince Hamlet, who is
tormented by grief and seeks
revenge for his father's
murder.

158. The story begins with the ghost of
King Hamlet appearing to his son,
Prince Hamlet, and revealing that he
was murdered by his own brother,
Claudius, who has since married
Queen Gertrude, Hamlet's mother.
Filled with anger and despair,
Hamlet vows to avenge his father's

159. Throughout the play, Hamlet feigns
madness to disguise his true
intentions and gain insight into
Claudius' guilt. He becomes
conflicted about whether to fulfill his
duty or succumb to his own doubts
and moral struggles. Alongside his
internal turmoil, the story delves into
themes of love, betrayal, mortality,

160. Hamlet's relationships with other
characters also play a significant
role. His relationship with Ophelia,
the daughter of the courtier
Polonius, becomes strained as
Hamlet's actions and feigned
madness take a toll on their love.
Ophelia's subsequent madness and
tragic demise add to the sorrow and

161. As the plot progresses, Hamlet
arranges a play called "The Murder
of Gonzago" to stage a reenactment
of his father's murder, hoping to elicit
a guilty reaction from Claudius. The
plan works, confirming Claudius'
guilt. Hamlet confronts his mother
about her hasty marriage to
Claudius and her loyalty to her late

162. The play builds toward a climactic final act,
where Hamlet engages in a deadly duel with
Laertes, Ophelia's brother, who seeks
revenge for their father's death. The duel is
manipulated by Claudius, who poisons a
rapier to ensure Hamlet's demise. In the
chaos that follows, Gertrude accidentally
drinks the poisoned wine intended for
Hamlet, resulting in her death. Laertes and
Hamlet both get wounded with the poisoned
sword, and their duel ends with their mutual
demise.

163. Before his own death, Hamlet
learns of Claudius' treachery and
stabs him with the poisoned
sword. With his final breaths,
Hamlet appoints Prince
Fortinbras of Norway as the new
ruler of Denmark, signaling the
restoration of order.

164. "Hamlet" explores profound themes
of revenge, madness, mortality, and
the complexity of human nature. It
remains one of Shakespeare's most
celebrated and studied plays,
renowned for its rich language, deep
characterization, and exploration of
universal truths about the human