endocrine gland ppt for bba psychology subject

1. ENDOCRINE GLANDS
ALI RAZA (22012120-030)
ZAHIRA SAJJAD (22012120-009)
ZARISH BABER (22012120-003)
KAINAT KHAN (22012120-032)
UMAIR ALI (22012120-043)

2. INTRODUCTION
• A structure that makes hormones in the body is called endocrine
glands.
• They are also called ductless glands because they donot hace duct
to secrete their hormones.
• A group of endocrine glands which produces various hormones is
called an endocrine system. It is also called hormonal system.
• Endocrine system helps in coordinating the activities of our body.

3. VARIOUS ENDOCRINE GLANDS
• Hypothalamus
• Pituitary glands
• Thyroid gland
• Parathyroid
• Thymus
• Pancreas
• Adrenal gland
• Testes
• ovaries

4. HYPOTHALAMUS
• The hypothalamus is a portion of the brain that
contains a number of small nuclei with a variety of
functions.
• One of the most important function of the
hypothalamus is to link the nervous system to the
endocrine system via the pituitary gland.
• The hypothalamus is responsible for certain
metabolic processes and other activities of the
autonomic nervous system.

5. • It synthesizes and secretes certain neurohormones, often called releasing hormones and
these in turn stimulates or inhibit the secretion of pituitary hormones.
• The hypothalamus controles body temperature, hunger, fatigue, sleep, etc.
FUNCTIONS OF HYPOTHALAMUS

6. PITUITARY GLAND
• The pituitary gland, or hypophysis, is an endocrine gland
about the size of a pea and weighing 0.5 grams in humans
• It is composed of three lobes: anterior, intermediate, and
posterior
• Growth
• Blood pressure
• Breast milk production

7. • The conversion of food into energy (metabolism)
• Water and osmolarity regulation in the body
• Water balance via the control of reabsorption of water by the kidneys
• Temperature regulation
• Pain relief
FUNCTION OF PITUITARY GLAND

8. THYROID GLAND
• The thyroid gland or just thyroid is one of the largest
endocrine glands and consists of two connected lobes.
• Each lobe is about 5cm long 3cm wide and 2cm thick.
• The thyroid gland is found in a butterfly-shaped organ.
• It secretes thyroxine hormone.
• The thyroid also produce calcitonin, which plays a rol in
calcium homeostasis.

9. • The thyroid gland controls how quickly the body uses energy, makes proteins, and controls how
sensitive the body is to other hormones.
• These hormones regulates the growth and rate of the function of many other system in the
body.
• Thyroid hormones act throughout the body, influencing metabolism, growth and development,
and body temperature.
• During infancy and childhood, adequate thyroid hormone is crucial for brain development.
FUNCTION OFTHYROID GLAND

10. • There are four parathyroid glands, and they are
each about the size of a grain of rice.
• Through they are located near other the
parathyroid glands are not related to the thyroid
gland.
• PTH has a very powerful influence on the cell of
bones by causing them to release their calcium into
the bloodstream.
PARATHYROID

11. • The parathyroid essentially help the nervous and muscular system function properly.
• Calcium is the primary element that cause muscles to contract, and calcium level are very
important to the normal conduction of electrical current along nerves.
• The most common disease of parathyroid gland is hyperparathyroidism, which is
characterized by excess PTH hormone.
FUNCTION AND DISEASES

12. • The thymus is specialized organ of the immune
system.
• The thymus is composed of two identical lobes
and is located anatomically in the anterior
superiormrdiastinum, in front of the heart and
behind the sternum.
• The thymus is largest and most active during the
neonatal and pre-adolescent periods.
THYMUS

13. • The thymus produces and secretes thymosin.
• Helping the body protect itself against autoimmunity, which occurs when the immune
system turns against itself.
• They thymus plays a vital role in the lymphatic system.
• Protects the body from certain threats, including viruses and infections.
FUNCTION OFTHYMUS

14. • The adrenal glands are two glands that sit on the top of youe
kidneys that are made up of two distinct parts .The adrenal
cortex and the adrenal medulla.
• They are also known as suprarenal glands.
ADRENAL GLANDS

15. • The adrenal glands are two, triangular shaped organs that measure about 1.5 inches in
hight and 3 inches in length.
• the adrenal cortex and the adrenal medulla have very different functions. One of the
main distinctions between them is that the hormones released by the adrenal cortex are
necessary for life; those secreted by the adrenal medulla are not.
FUNCTION OF ADRENAL

16. • The pancreas is unique in that its both an endocrine and
exocrine gland. In other words the pancreas has the dual
function of secreting enzymes through ducts.
• The pancreas is a 6 inches long flattened gland that lies
deep within the abdomen, between the stomach and the
spine. It is connected to the duodenum, which is the part
of the small intestine.
PANCREAS

17. • The secretes insulin.
• The pancreas maintains the body’s glucose balance.
• Primary hormones of the pancreas include insulin and glucagon and both regulate blood
glucose.
• Diabetes is the most common disorder associated with the pancreas.
FUNCTION OF PANCREAS

18. • A small gland that makes steroid hormones,
• adrenaline, and noradrenaline.
• These hormones help control heart rate, blood pressure, and other
important body functions.
• There are two adrenal glands, one on top of each kidney.
• Also called suprarenal gland.
ADRENAL GLAND

19. • Adrenal glands produce hormones that help regulate your metabolism, immune system,
blood pressure, response to stress, and other essential functions.Adrenal glands are
composed of two parts
• The cortex
• The medulla
• Which are each responsible for producing different hormones.
FUNCTION OF ADERMINAL GLANDS

20. Thank you