The document proposes a smart waste collection system for Karachi using Internet of Things (IoT)-enabled smart bins. Currently, only 4000-4500 tons of the 12,000-14,000 tons of daily waste in Karachi reaches landfill sites. The proposed system involves placing smart bins equipped with sensors around the city that can detect fill levels and transmit this data via IoT. This allows waste collection vehicles to only service full bins, improving efficiency. The system aims to better manage Karachi's waste problem in a low-cost, real-time manner with benefits like reduced transportation and improved cleanliness.

1. SMART BINS
WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEM
EN-526: SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT
NED UNIVERSITY OF ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY
Department of Environmental Engineering
By
Minza Mumtaz
EN-15/2019-20
M. Engineering (Weekend)
Course Instructor
Engr. Javed Aziz Khan

2. BACKGROUND
• The statistics elicit the waste generation in Karachi alone is 12,000-14,000 tons per
day, while there are only two landfills sites i.e. Deh Jam Chakro and Deh Pass
Gondal exists to cater the tons of waste.
• Because of negligence and wrong estimation of waste generation, out of this bulk
number approx. 4500 tons of the waste reached to its final destination i.e. landfills
sites, while about 40% of the SW revolves around streets, roads or either in
sewerage system or natural flowing water bodies [1].

3. INTRODUCTION
Solid Waste
Management
(Karachiets)
Per day Waste
Generation
(12000-14000
tons)
Backlog
Waste
(250,000
tons)
Collection
Transfer
and
Transport
Process
and
Recovery
Landfills

4. SMART CITY
With the rapid increase in technologies, the concept of smart city comes into
existence, which provides a way to change the method of operation from
conventional to smart one and enhance the waste collection system for the
reduction in time or money but also to portrait it back as city of lights.

5. GOALS &
OBJECTIVES OF
SMART CITY

6. SMART WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM
The concept of smart waste management system i.e. smart bins has been practicing in
some parts of the developed countries. From one of the ABI report, it is stated that the
smart bins deployed and remote fill level monitoring system for the solution of
waste collection was increased steadily between 2014 till 2019 [4].
It proved as the effective solution for the waste collection system and revolves around
the Internet of Things (IoT).

7. SMART WASTE
MANAGEMENT

8. INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT)
IoT defines as the system of interrelated computing devices, either mechanical or
digital machines, objects, animals or people providing a unique identity and have the
ability to transfer data over a network without any human to human [6].
Any IoT based project involves the basic steps

9. INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT)
• Identification:
• Sensing:
HC SR-04 Ultrasonic sensor.
To identify the object in the project requires a unique ID and address. For IoT, classifying services and
linking them to demand is extremely important, so various identification methods are supported by IoT,
such as the electronic product code (EPC) and ubiquitous codes (uCode), and GPS trackers which will
determine the exact location.
Sensing refers to the grabbing of relevant or specific data from the object
on a network and send it to the database for its analysis and provide
bases for decision making of any particular services. Examples of IoT
based sensor are Arduino, Raspberry etc. that are the single board
computer devices.

10. INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT)
• Communication:
• Computation:
Arduino.
In order to communicatee the information requires a medium to integrate different objects and provide
services with an IoT environment. The common medium used are WIFI, Bluetooth, Long term evaluation
(LTE) and wave Z, etc.
IoT-based solid waste management works with real time data that require
correlation and sharing. Different hardware is available to meet these
requirements in a system with a large volume of connected devices
generating data by different flows

11. INTERNET OF THINGS (IoT)
• Services:
It comprised the whole process i.e. identification of the ID, gathering of information from the real world
and virtualize it, summarizing the raw information and its transfer to the applications. Then the action of
decision-making authorities over the provided data set to provide the services of their respective region
which defines as the support services.
• Semantic:
Semantics means the ability to extract data. If one doesn’t know how to extract the information, then
the above process becomes the total loss of time and money. It behaves like the brain of IoT, sending
demands to specific resource. Some of Semantics web technologies are resource description framework
(RDF), and efficient XML interchange etc.

12. EXISTING WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEM
The two main bodies working on solid waste are Sindh Solid Waste Management Board (SSWMB) and District
Municipal Committee (DMC). The solid waste collection process for Karachi city is divided into three phases [8]:
FEC GTS LFS
 Front-End Collection (FEC): The collection of garbage from street bins or from alleys etc.
 Garbage Transfer Station (GTS): The big grounds which are used to dump garbage collected
from FECs, ideally as how it should be. The GTS should be a facility to sort recyclable materials
from the waste.
 Landfill sites(LFS): The final destination of residue waste or the graveyard for waste.

13. EXISTING WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEM
Disadvantages:
 Time consuming and less effective as the trucks go to every
location whether it has empty or filled container.
 High cost because of more fuel consumption and labor
requirement.
 Unhygienic environment as piles of wastes are rooming in the
city.
 Rotten smells from the backlog waste effect human health.
 Non awareness of citizen over waste disposal.
Conventional Method for
Waste Collection

14. SMART BINS WASTE COLLECTION SYSTEM
In this system, there are multiple dustbins located
through the city. These dustbins have unique ID for
their identification and provided with low cost
embedded device which helps in tracking the level of
the garbage bins. When the level reaches the threshold
limit, the device will transmit the level along with the
unique ID provided. These details can be accessed by
the concern authorities from their place with the help
of internet and an immediate action can be made to
clean the dustbins.
Process of Smart Garbage Bins

15. SMART BINS WASTE
COLLECTION SYSTEM
Advantages
• Real time information on
the fill level of the dustbin.
• Deployment of dustbin
based on the actual needs.
• Cost Reduction and route
optimization.
• Intelligent management of
the services in the city.
• Effective usage of dustbins.

16. METHODOLOGY FOR DATA COLLECTION
For the effectiveness of the proposed system requires the data which includes basic
information like public awareness about the street bins location or the collection
system, amount and type of waste generation which helps to select different type of
sensors for different type waste i.e. commercial, industrial or residential.
A google survey form was made after the study of few published papers and circulates
through emails or link sharing.

17. RESULTS OF COLLECTED DATA
Awareness of bins
in locality
Public concern over
the problem
Waste
collectors

18. RESULTS OF COLLECTED DATA
Level of satisfaction on the current status of SW.

19. RESULTS OF COLLECTED DATA
The willingness of the people for the need of any effective solution. It seems everyone want the solution,
but for the reason for people who don’t want any betterment was came as it will be difficult to spend the
Rs400/ cost for their own generated waste collection.

20. COST OF PROJECT
From market survey and literature studies, the minimum cost on the proposed system
came as Rs.1600-2000/- per dustbins, which is not a huge amount then the problem.
CONCLUSIONS
• From the literature studies and through initial survey, it wouldn’t be wrong to say
that the many of people are unaware of bins location which increases the practice of
throwing litters on roads or vacant areas.

21. • There is a gap between the government or concerned authorities and local communities, by
applying the IoT based waste management system, the public to government interaction
ratio will increase and they can monitor and control situation.
• This also help in real time monitoring of the ghost employees and enhance the resource
utilization.
• The effective route selection would become easy and the capacity for bins estimated, would
be close to the reality.
• The fuel consumption would reduce, and time can effectively managed.
CONCLUSIONS

22. RECOMMENDATIONS
• The IoT based technology would be a great service to Pakistan, as it is the era of
science and technologies, so one who couldn’t take advantage of the technologies
will require decades to flourish and would leave behind from rest of the world.
• It can be modified by the installment of solar compressor to reduce the litter volume
and increase the capacity of bins.
• There is need to the further study the hurdles for the implementation of the proposed
system in or own interested region.

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Sensor and Actuator Networks, vol. 8, no. 1. MDPI AG, 01-Jan-2019, doi: 10.3390/jsan8010005.
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[9] A. Zeb et al., “A Proposed IoT-Enabled Smart Waste Bin Management System and Efficient Route Selection,” Journal of Computer Networks
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