14. 快、狠、準。
The Slap of a Thousand Exploding Suns.
(http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Slapsgiving_3:_Slappointment_in_Slapmarra)
(http://tune.pk/video/1866501/how-i-met-your-mother-slapsgiving-3-slappointment-in-slapmara-preview)
14
15. What can WE do?
• Be creative on combination, e.g.
• MT → Summarization
• Deception detection
15
20. / 51
“... the smallest free form that may
be uttered in isolation with semantic
or pragmatic content (with literal or
practical meaning) ...”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word
20
21. / 51
“... the task of defining what
constitutes a ‘word’ involves
determining where one word ends
and another word begins...”
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Word#Word_boundaries
21
31. / 51
What is a Word?
to computational linguistics
31
32. / 51
Standard de jure?
• Academia Sinica Balanced Corpus
• Chinese Treebank of University of
Pennsylvania
• City University of Hong Kong
• Microsoft Research Asia
• Peking University
32
33. Comparison
CTB China ASBC
ABAB ABAB AB-AB ABAB 研究研究
AA看 [AA/V-看/V]/V AA看 AA看 説説看
Person Name One Two One
Noun-們 One Two Two 朋友們
Ordinals One Two Two 第⼀一
34. / 51
... then match standards
the more accuracy, the better communication?
34
38. / 51
Evaluation Examples
• Gold standard
• [[meta][data]] / is / the / data / of / data
• 5 boundaries, 7 morphemes, 6 words, 5
lexicon types
• Test subject
• meta / data / is / the / data / of / data
• 1 boundary error, 0 morpheme error, two
word errors, 1 lexicon type error.
38
39. / 51
Term Type
• Kwok (2002)
• Insensitive: stop-words; frequent non-content-bearing
• Monotonic: content-bearing
• Non-monotonic:
• ⻄西⼟土⽿耳其 (Western Turkey)
• Semantic, syntax, or surface?
• 农 (agricultural) / 作物 (plants)
• 旱 (drought) / 灾 (disaster) vs. 春旱 (Spring drought) vs. 旱区 (area or
drought disaster)
• Recall or precision?
• ⽕火 (fire) / ⼭山 (mountain) vs. ⽕火⼭山 (volcano)
39
40. / 51
Surface Pattern
• Ambiguity
• Combinatorial
• ⻄西⼟土⽿耳其、农作物、旱灾、春旱、旱区、
⽕火⼭山... etc.
• Overlapping
• 施政 (practice policy) / 伟 (great) vs. 施
(Shih) / 政伟 (Zheng-Wei)
• Which is more harmful?
http://www.definicionabc.com/general/gestalt-psicologia.php
40